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Schumann Resonance for Tyros pp 65–114Cite as

Regular SR Parameters

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Part of the book series: Springer Geophysics ((SPRINGERGEOPHYS))

Abstract

This chapter presents the classification and samples of all three types of ELF radio signals. The continuous signal is a composition of individual pulses from the global lightning activity. Signals of the second kind are the ELF-flashes: the intense pulses from the nearby thunderstorms occurring within 1,000–2,000 km distance from the observatory. An ELF-flash overloads the input circuits, and is attributed usually to natural interference. The third type is the ELF transients or Q-bursts. These pulses arrive from the distant powerful strokes, while their amplitude surpasses the continuous background by a factor of 3–10. Q-bursts are recorded at a rate of one pulse in a minute. Afterwards, we concentrate on the ‘geophysical’ data obtained from the continuous SR records. We show in particular how to estimate the area occupied by the global thunderstorms from the diurnal/seasonal variations of the observed peak frequency in the resonance spectra. Resonance data were verified by orbital optical observations of midnight lightning flashes. Diurnal motions and seasonal drifts of global thunderstorms are estimated by using the electric and magnetic field records, as well as seasonal variations of the effective area occupied by the lightning strokes. By using the singular spectral analysis (SSA), the annual and semi-annual variations were obtained. These are present in the long-term records of the SR intensity (amplitude) and of the peak frequency of the first mode. The presence of inter-annual variations is obvious. An exceptional similarity is demonstrated between the semi-annual component in the first mode frequency and analemma (median solar time). By using the three-source model, a possible impact was computed of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the observed SR frequency. Another possible explanation is discussed that exploits the global inter-annual variations of the ionosphere height. By using the so-called ‘terminator effect’, we demonstrate difficulties in correct interpretation of resonance records.

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  1. National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine

    Alexander Nickolaenko

  2. The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

    Masashi Hayakawa

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  1. Alexander Nickolaenko
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Nickolaenko, A., Hayakawa, M. (2014). Regular SR Parameters. In: Schumann Resonance for Tyros. Springer Geophysics. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54358-9_5

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