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The Lens Capsule: Synthesis, Remodeling, and MMPs

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Book cover Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification

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Abstract

The lens capsule is an amorphous, elastic structure that encapsulates the ocular lens. It is secreted by cells of the lens and is composed primarily of type IV collagen and laminin along with additional extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as entactin/nidogen, heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which act to stabilize the lens capsule structure. As the lens grows during development and with age, new capsular lamellae are synthesized, deposited, and organized by the lens epithelial and fiber cells. The main receptors of lens cells that adhere them to the ECM of the capsule are the integrins, heterodimeric transmembrane cell adhesion molecules. These adhesion molecules also act as bidirectional signaling molecules, mediating signals between the lens and the surrounding ocular media. The composition and arrangement of both the ECM of the lens capsule and the integrins are altered in fibrotic cataracts such as posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC). This includes the aberrant deposition of ECM components not normally expressed in the lens capsule and a corresponding change in the profile of integrins expressed in the lens. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of matrix-degrading enzymes, have been shown to release growth factors from the lens capsule and activate receptors. They are also aberrantly expressed in PCO and ASC and their inhibition has been shown to suppress events involved in fibrotic cataract formation including lens epithelial cell migration, capsular contraction, and the transformation of cells into myofibroblasts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Health Science Centre, Rm 1R10, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8N 3Z5

    Judith A. West-Mays & Anna Korol

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  1. Judith A. West-Mays
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  2. Anna Korol
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Correspondence to Judith A. West-Mays .

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan

    Shizuya Saika

  2. John A. Moran Eye Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

    Liliana Werner

  3. School of Medical Sciences Anatomy & Histology, Lens Research Laboratory The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Frank J. Lovicu

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West-Mays, J.A., Korol, A. (2014). The Lens Capsule: Synthesis, Remodeling, and MMPs. In: Saika, S., Werner, L., Lovicu, F. (eds) Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54300-8_3

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