Abstract
Disaster Risk Reduction has become a major development agenda in Bangladesh since 2002. The global concept of “Reducing Risk” has also become very popular in Bangladesh, not only because Bangladesh is a disaster-prone country but also Bangladesh has contributed in shaping the knowledge about disaster risk. The concepts of ‘vulnerability’ and ‘risk’ has also emerged since 2002 and widely used in disaster risk reduction. The concept of resilience is relatively new, and conveniently used as reverse of the concept ‘vulnerability’. Therefore, the understanding of these three concepts are very important and matured the whole discourse of disaster risk reduction. National Alliance for Risk Reduction and Response (NARRI) is a consortium in DRR in Bangladesh has measured the resilience of their community based preparedness work since 2002 in Bangladesh. Resilience analysis consisting a comprehensive resilience matrix has applied a five band scale against each characteristics of resilience clustering component of resilience under five broad theme. Highest level of resilience has been achieved in the risk assessment where community members’ ability and skill of assessing risk and vulnerability increased and people are using their skills for risk and vulnerability assessment, preparation of management plan and followed by implementation for their risk reduction. Conversely due to lack of access to the structure and process traditionally led by the community and cultural and knowledge gap impede the level of resiliency achieved in the governance issues. The Bangladesh case of resilience study clearly shows that governance, capacities for risk assessment, risk education, redundant risk reduction options, resourcefulness of people, society and ecosystem, and a capacity to have rapidity in recovery has potential in building resilience. The risk reduction in many cases could be seen as “element” focused, where “resilience” offers a more robust scope to whole of society into the risk reduction framework.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adam B, van Loon J (2000) Repositioning risk; the challenge for social theory. In: Adam B, Beck U, van Loon J (eds) The risk society and beyond. Sage, London, pp 1–31
Anderson MB, Woodrow PJ (1998) Rising from the ashes: development strategies in times of disaster. Lynne Rienner, London, pp 338
Beck U (2000) Risk society revisited: theory, politics and research programmes. In: Adam B, Beck U, van Loon J (eds) The risk society and beyond. Sage, London, pp 211–229
Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I, Wisner B (1994) At risk: Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability, and disasters. Routledge, London
BOND (2012) The characteristics of resilience building: a discussion paper. http://community.eldis.org/?233@@.5ad4406d!enclosure=.5ad4406e&ad=1
Brooks N (2003) Vulnerability, risk and adaptation: a conceptual framework. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Working Paper 38, University of East Anglia, Norwich
Cardona OD (2004) The need for rethinking the concepts of vulnerability and risk from a holistic perspective: a necessary review and criticism for effective risk management. In: Bankoff G, Frerks G, Hilhorst D (eds) Mapping vulnerability: disasters, development and people. Earthscan Publishers, London, pp 37–51
Cardona OD (2011) Disaster risk and vulnerability: notions and measurement of human and environmental insecurity. In: Brauch HG, Oswald Spring U, Mesjasz C, Grin J, Kameri-Mbote P, Chourou B, Dunay P, Birkmann J (eds) Coping with global environmental change, disasters and security – threats, challenges, vulnerabilities and risks. Springer, Berlin, pp 107–122
Cardona OD, Hurtado JE, Chardon AC, Moreno AM, Prieto SD, Velásquez LS, Duque G (2005) Indicators of Disaster Risk and Risk Management. Program for Latin America and the Caribbean: Summary Report. Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Sustainable Development, Washington. Available at http://idea.unalmzl.edu.co
Cardona OD, van Aalst MK, Birkmann J, Fordham M, McGregor G, Perez R, Pulwarty RS, Schipper ELF, Sinh BT (2012) Determinants of risk: exposure and vulnerability. In: Field CB, Barros V, Stocker TF, Qin D, Dokken DJ, Ebi KL, Mastrandrea MD, Mach KJ, Plattner G-K, Allen SK, Tignor M, Midgley PM (eds) Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A special report of working groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 65–108
Canadian Centre for Community Renewal (CCE) (2000) The Community Resilience Manual. Canadian Centre for Community Renewal. Port Alberni, B.C
Centre for Community Enterprise (1999) The Community Resilience Manual. Center for Community Enterprise, British Columbia
Covello V, Mumpower J (1985) Risk analysis and risk management: an historical perspective. Risk Anal 5(2):103–120
Cutter LS, Boruff BJ, Lynn Shirley W (2003) Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Soc Sci Q 84(2):242–261 (the Southwestern Social Science Association)
DKKV (2011) Adaptive disaster risk reduction – enhancing methods and tools of disaster risk reduction in the light of climate change. DKKV Publication Series no. 43, German Committee for Disaster Reduction, Bonn, www.dkkv.org/de/publications/schriftenreihe.asp?h=5
Douglas M, Wildavsky A (1982) Risk and culture: an essay on the selection of technological and environmental dangers. University of California Press, Berkeley
IFRC (2009) Assessing Quality and Cost Benefit: A Philippines Case Study
Islam N (2011) Public expenditure tracking on disaster management projects. BIDS, Dhaka
ISO (2009a) Risk management – principles and guidelines. ISO 31000, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva
ISO (2009b) Risk management – vocabulary. ISO Guide 73, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva
Kumpulainen S (2006) Vulnerability concepts in hazard and risk assessment. In: Schmidt-Thomé P (ed) Natural and technological hazards and risks affecting the spatial development of European regions. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 42, pp 65–74
Moench M, The Risk to Resilience Study Team (2008) Understanding the costs and benefits of disaster risk reduction under changing climatic conditions. In: Moench M, Caspari E, Pokhrel A (eds) From risk to resilience Working Paper No. 9. ISET, ISET-Nepal and ProVention, Kathmandu, 38 pp
Rashid AKMM, Islam N, Alam K, Uddin SA, Sinha NC (2012) Impacts of Last Ten Years DIPECHO’s Intervention in Bangladesh. Development Frontiers, Dhaka
SOPAC (2008) Economic Analysis of Flood Risk Reduction Measures for the Lower Vaisigano Catchment Area
Tearfund UK (2004) Community based disaster risk reduction in the Indian state of Bihar: A case study. Available at http://tilz.tearfund.org/Topics/Disaster+Management
The Stern Review (2006) The economics of climate change, HM Treasury. Available at http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm
Twigg J (2009) Characteristics of a disaster resilient community: a guidance note. Aon Benfield UCL Hazard Research Centre, London, Web link www.abuhrc.org/research/dsm/Pages/project_view.aspx?project=13
Wilches-Chaux G (1989) Desastres, ecologismo y formación profesional. SENA, Popayán
Willenbockel D (2011) A cost-benefit analysis of practical action’s livelihood-centred disaster risk reduction project in Nepal. IDS, Brighton
Wisner B, Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I (2004) At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters, 2nd edn. Routledge, London
World Bank (2007) Project Appraisal Document. “Western Kenya Community Driven Development and Flood Mitigation Project
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rashid, A.K.M.M. (2013). Understanding Vulnerability and Risks. In: Shaw, R., Mallick, F., Islam, A. (eds) Disaster Risk Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54252-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54252-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54251-3
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54252-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)