Abstract
Many processes have been developed for the fabrication of metal matrix composites from constituent materials. These fabrication processes are classified into four categories: solid state fabrication technique, liquid state fabrication technique, gas state fabrication technique and in situ processing. Recent developments in the major processes are introduced and their characteristic features are described. Common phenomena of these processes are discussed in fundamental terms to obtain a systematic understanding of fabrication processes. Each fabrication process is then discussed from the viewpoint of energy consumption. The most important aspect of composite fabrication is making interfaces with good bonding between the matrix metal and the reinforcements, without degradation by chemical reaction. Usually, the reinforcement/matrix interface is formed by conversion from mechanical energy to interface energy. These important points are discussed in more detail in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nishida, Y.: Development of pressure infiltration method for fabrication of metal matrix composites. Materia Jpn. 36, 40–46 (1997)
Rocher, J.P., Quenisset, J.M., Naslain, R.: Wetting improvement of carbon or silicon carbide by aluminium alloys based on a K2ZrF6 surface treatment: application to composite material casting. J. Mater. Sci. 24, 2697–2703 (1989)
Nakanishi, H., Tsunekawa, Y., Okumiya, M., Mori, N., Niimi, I., Sato, M.: Ultrasonic infiltration in alumina particle/molten aluminum system assisted by exothermic reaction of titanium aluminide formation. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 57, 81–87 (1993)
Andrews, R.M., Mortensen, A.: Lorentz-force-driven infiltration by aluminum. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 144, 165–168 (1991)
Irmann, R.: On a new sintered aluminum product with high strength at elevated temperatures. Leichtmetall 3, 21–25 (1950)
Benjamin, J.S.: Dispersion strengthened superalloys by mechanical alloying. Metall. Trans. 1, 2943–2951 (1970)
Benjamin, J.S., Bomford, M.J.: Dispersion strengthened aluminum made by mechanical alloying. Metall. Trans. 8A, 1301–1305 (1977)
Horiuch, R., Kohara, Y.: Aluminum alloy made by mechanical alloying and fiber reinforced aluminum. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 32, 688–695 (1982)
Imanishi, T., Sasaki, K., Katagiri, K., Kakitsuji, A.: Thermal and mechanical properties of VGCF-containing aluminum. Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng. A 74, 655–661 (2008)
Imanishi, T., Sasaki, K., Katagiri, K., Kakitsuji, A.: Effect of CNT addition on thermal properties of VGCF/aluminum composites. Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng. A 75, 27–33 (2009)
Tokita, M.: Trend in advanced SPS spark plasma sintering systems and technology. J. Soc. Powder Technol. Jpn. 30, 790–804 (1993)
Ueno T, Yoshioka H.: Japanese Patent JP 4441768
Hikosaka, T., Miki, K., Nishida, Y.: Mechanical properties of aluminum-alumina particle composites fabricated by vortex method. Imono (J Jpn. Foundry Eng. Soc.) 61, 780–786 (1989)
Badia, F.A., Rohatgi, P.K.: Dispersion of graphite particles in aluminium castings through injection of melt. Trans. AFS 77, 402–406 (1969)
Suwa, M., Komuro, K., Soeno, K.: Mechanical properties and wear resistance of graphite-dispersed Al–Si alloys. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 40, 1074–1081 (1976)
Lim, S.-w., Cho, T.: Effect of alloying elements on SiC particulate dispersion behavior in molten magnesium. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 56, 210–217 (1992)
Lim, S.-w., Cho, T.: Mechanical properties of SiC particulate reinforced magnesium matrix composites fabricated by melt stirring method. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 56, 1101–1107 (1992)
Lim, S.-w., Cho, T.: Effect of alloying elements on particulate dispersion behavior and mechanical properties in TiC particulate reinforced magnesium matrix composites. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 42, 772–778 (1992)
Spencer, D.B., Mehrabian, R., Flemings, M.C.: Rheological behavior of Sn-15 pct Pb in the crystallization range. Metall. Trans. 3, 1925–1932 (1972)
Flemings, M.C., Mehrabian, R.: Casting in the liquid–solid region. Trans. AFS 81, 81–88 (1973)
Flemings, M.C.: Behavior of metal alloys in the semisolid state. Metall. Mater. Trans. 22A, 957–981 (1991)
Nannba, A.: Semi-solid metal processing. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 45, 346–354 (1995)
Vives, C.: Elaboration of semisolid alloys by means of new electromagnetic rheocasting processes. Metall. Mater. Trans. 23B, 189–206 (1992)
Ichikawa, R.: Present status of rheocast process. Tetsu-to-Hagane 74, 51–60 (1988)
Ichikawa, R., Miwa, K.: Apparent viscosity and structure in partially solidified Al–Cu alloys. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 42, 1023–1028 (1978)
Mori, N., Ohgi, K., Matsuda, K.: On the apparent viscosity and structure of partially solidified Al–Cu alloys under stirring. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 48, 936–944 (1984)
Shibuya, A., Arihara, K., Nakamura, Y.: Measurement of apparent viscosity of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys in liquid/solid coexisting state-Fe–C, Sn–Pb, Al–Cu and Fe–Cr–Ni–C alloys. Tetsu-to-Hagane 66, 1550–1556 (1980)
Hirai, M., Takebayashi, K., Yoshikawa, Y., Yamaguchi, R.: Apparent viscosity of semi-solid metals. Tetsu-to-Hagane 78, 902–909 (1992)
Nishio, T., Kobayashi, K., Miwa, K., Ozaki, K., Asano, S.: Effect of rotor shape on flow slurry in compocasting process. Rep. Natl. Ind. Res. Inst. Nagoya Jpn. 44, 75–81 (1995)
Sato, A., Mehrabian, R.: Aluminum matrix composites: fabrication and properties. Metall. Trans. 7B, 443–451 (1976)
Miwa, K.: Fabrication of SiCp reinforced aluminum matrix composites by compocasting process. Imono (J. Jpn. Foundry Eng. Soc.) 62, 423–428 (1990)
Nagelberg, A.S., Antolin, S., Urquhart, A.W.: Formation of Al2O3/metal composites by the directed oxidation of molten aluminum–magnesium–silicon alloys: part II, growth kinetics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 455–462 (1992)
Nakanishi, H., Tsunekawa, Y., Mohri, N., Okumiya, M., Niimi, I.: Ultrasonic infiltration in alumina particle/molten aluminum system. J Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 43, 14–19 (1993)
Nakanishi, H., Tsunekawa, Y., Okumiya, M., Mohri, N.: Ultrasonic infiltration in alumina fiber/molten aluminum system. Mater. Trans. JIM 34, 62–68 (1993)
Deming, Y., Xinfang, Y., Jin, P.: Continuous yarn fibre-reinforced aluminium composites prepared by the ultrasonic liquid infiltration method. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 12, 252–253 (1993)
Cheng, H.M., Lin, Z.H., Zhou, B.L., Zhen, Z.G., Kobayashi, K., Uchiyama, Y.: Preparation of carbon fibre reinforced aluminum via ultrasonic liquid infiltration technique. Mater. Sci. Technol. 9, 609–614 (1993)
Matsunaga, T., Matsuda, K., Hatayama, T., Shinozaki, K., Amanuma, S., Jin, P., Yoshida, M.: Development in manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum preform wires using ultrasonic infiltration method. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 56, 28–33 (2006)
Matsunaga, T., Ogata, K., Hatayama, T., Shinozaki, K., Yoshida, M.: Infiltration mechanism of molten aluminum alloys into bundle of carbon fibers using ultrasonic infiltration method. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 56, 226–232 (2006)
Matsunaga, T., Ogata, K., Hatayama, T., Shinozaki, K., Yoshida, M.: Effect of acoustic cavitation on ease of infiltration of molten aluminum alloys into carbon fiber bundles using ultrasonic infiltration method. Composites Part A 38, 771–778 (2007)
Matsunaga, T., Matsuda, K., Hatayama, T., Shinozaki, K., Yoshida, M.: Fabrication of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum–magnesium alloy composite wires using ultrasonic infiltration. Composites Part A 38, 1902–1911 (2007)
Mizoguchi, I., Yamaguchi, S., Yachi, S., Yoshida, M.: Influence of high temperature holding on tensile strength of pitch-based carbon fiber reinforced Al–Mg alloy composites fabricated by ultrasonic infiltration method. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 60, 396–402 (2010)
Yamaguchi, S., Mikuni, J., Mizoguchi, I., Matsunaga, T., Shinozaki, K., Yoshida, M.: Influence of high temperature holding on tensile strength of PAN-based carbon fiber reinforced aluminum–magnesium alloy composites fabricated by ultrasonic infiltration method. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 59, 241–247 (2009)
Mikuni, J., Nonokawa, K., Matsunaga, T., Shinozaki, K., Yoshida, M.: Influence of interfacial chemical reaction for tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum–magnesium alloy composites. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 58, 27–32 (2008)
Matsunaga, T., Matsuda, K., Hatayama, T., Shinozaki, K., Amanuma, S., Yoshida, M.: Effect of magnesium content on tensile strength of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum–magnesium alloy composite wires fabricated by ultrasonic infiltration method. J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 56, 105–111 (2006)
Solzbacher, F.: Physical vapor deposition. In: Semiconductor Manufacturing Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York (2005) (Chapter 13)
Goto, S., Mori, K., Yoshinaga, H.: High-temperature hardness of dispersion-hardened Ni–SiO2 alloys made by internal oxidation method. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 46, 764–772 (1982)
Matsuda, N., Matsuura, K.: Work hardening of a dispersion hardened Ni–TiO2 alloy. J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 48, 362–370 (1984)
Chalmers, B.: Principles of Solidification, p. 204. Wiley, New York (1964)
Flemings, M.C.: Solidification Processing, p. 94. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1974)
Lemkey, F.D., Hertzberg, R.W., Ford, J.A.: The microstructure, crystallography and mechanical behavior of unidirectionally solidified Al–Al3Ni eutectic. Trans. AIME 233, 334–341 (1965)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nishida, Y. (2013). Fabrication Processes for Composites. In: Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54237-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54237-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54236-0
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54237-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)