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Polymerization Using Phosphazene Bases

  • Chapter
Anionic Polymerization

Abstract

In the recent rise of metal-free polymerization techniques, organic phosphazene superbases have shown their remarkable strength as promoter/catalyst for the anionic polymerization of various types of monomers. Generally, the complexation of phosphazene base with the counterion (proton or lithium cation) significantly improves the nucleophilicity of the initiator/chain end resulting in highly enhanced polymerization rates, as compared with conventional metal-based initiating systems. In this chapter, the general features of phosphazene-promoted/catalyzed polymerizations and the applications in macromolecular engineering (synthesis of functionalized polymers, block copolymers, and macromolecular architectures) are discussed with challenges and perspectives being pointed out.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People’s Republic of China

    Junpeng Zhao

  2. Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Nikos Hadjichristidis

  3. Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14424, Germany

    Helmut Schlaad

  4. Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany

    Helmut Schlaad

Authors
  1. Junpeng Zhao
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  2. Nikos Hadjichristidis
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  3. Helmut Schlaad
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Correspondence to Helmut Schlaad .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Nikos Hadjichristidis

  2. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Akira Hirao

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

BEMP:

2-tert-Butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine

t-BuP1 :

tert-Butylimino-tris(dimethylamino)phosphorane

t-BuP2 :

1-tert-Butyl-2,2,4,4,4-pentakis(dimethylamino)-2λ5,4λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)

t-BuP4 :

1-tert-Butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidenamino]-2λ5,4λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)

EtP2 :

1-Ethyl-2,2,4,4,4-pentakis(dimethylamino)-2λ5,4λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)

D3 :

Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane

D4 :

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

D5 :

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane

t-OctP1 :

tert-Octylimino-tris(dimethylamino)phosphorane

t-OctP4 :

1-tert-Octyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidenamino]-2λ5,4λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)

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Zhao, J., Hadjichristidis, N., Schlaad, H. (2015). Polymerization Using Phosphazene Bases. In: Hadjichristidis, N., Hirao, A. (eds) Anionic Polymerization. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54186-8_9

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