Abstract
Interannual variations of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC) in the 2000s were investigated using satellite and Argo profiling float observations. The satellite-observed sea surface height shows that the geostrophic eastward current was anomalously strong to the west away from Hawaii in 2003 and 2005. However, the trade winds and the orographic wind curl dipole in the lee of Hawaii that drives the climatological mean HLCC were not particularly strong in these years, suggesting that the accelerations of the HLCC were not caused by the wind stress curl forcing around Hawaii and subsequent Rossby wave propagation. Using Argo observations, we found negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies in the subsurface north of the HLCC in these 2 years. The pycnocline is lifted northward as low PV waters of different densities stack up in the vertical, and the HLCC is then accelerated via the thermal wind. The intensification and/or southward intrusion of the eastern subtropical mode water and subtropical mode water seem to have induced negative PV anomalies in 2003 and 2005, respectively. Using highresolution ocean simulations, we confirmed the migrations of PV anomalies and their contributions to the HLCC accelerations. Although the HLCC is located away from the cores of major mode waters, our results suggest that interannual variations of the HLCC are affected by those of mode waters.
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Acknowledgements
The OFES simulations were conducted on the Earth Simulator under support from JAMSTEC. We thank Drs. B. Qiu and F. Kobashi for valuable discussions and the reviewers for valuable comments. We thank T. Ohira for his help in constructing the MOAA GPV product. QuikSCAT wind stress data in the J-OFURO dataset were provided by Dr. K. Kutsuwada. This study was supported in part through Grant-In-Aid for Scientific Research 22106006 and that on Innovative Areas #2205 by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and also through 23340139 by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. IPRC publication # 809.
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Sasaki, H., Xie, SP., Taguchi, B., Nonaka, M., Hosoda, S., Masumoto, Y. (2011). Interannual variations of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent induced by potential vorticity variability in the subsurface. In: Kubokawa, A., Xie, SP., Kobashi, F., Mitsudera, H. (eds) New Developments in Mode-Water Research. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54162-2_7
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