Abstract
The display business is a large industry that has been indispensable in terms of their role in the industrial development, an important role which ceramics will continue to play in the future as well. In this section, ceramics used in display devices will be discussed.
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Notes
- 1.
Note 9.1 Bitzer, Slottow and Willson at the University of Illinois invented electrical discharge cells made by covering the surface of a metallic electrode with insulation glass to provide the capacitance. The structure designed to control electrical discharge by capacitance is the basic principle of the AC type PDP.
- 2.
Note 9.2 MgO (magnesium oxide), a protective film coating featuring high thermal and impact resistance, is known as a material in fire resistant bricks. It is also an important structural element featuring smooth electron emission and the lowering of electrical discharge voltage.
- 3.
Note 9.3 Ne gas, which lowers the voltage at the start of electrical discharge, is mixed with Xe gas (4–10%), which generates ultraviolet rays. As the ratio of Xe gas is increased, the amount of ultraviolet rays increases, improving the luminance. However, the voltage at the start of electrical discharge increases. Therefore, the gas composition ratio is optimized while taking into consideration various factors.
- 4.
Note 9.4 A photosensitive organic material, that hardens through polymerization caused by energy absorption of ultraviolet rays. Materials that effectively expose and harden thick films have been developed for use as paste in PDP ribs.
- 5.
Note 9.5 Absorption of mercury by phosphors is believed to be one of the factors that shortens the service life of lamps.
- 6.
Note 9.6 Stands for Field Emission Display. Displays that have small electrodes (electron emission source) as many as the number of pixels laid out on a glass substrate. Each of the electrodes irradiates electrons over the phosphor on a glass substrate, which faces the electrodes across a space of several mm, for illumination. SED (Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display) is also included.
- 7.
Note 9.7 Stands for Light Emitting Diode. Elements that incorporate a semiconductor that generates light when electric current is applied. By using the LED alone or an assembly of LEDs and phosphors, full-color displays are made possible.
- 8.
Note 9.8 There is also a reflective liquid crystal display, in which the screen is displayed utilizing reflection of outside light.
- 9.
Note 9.8 There is also a reflective liquid crystal display, in which the screen is displayed utilizing reflection of outside light.
- 10.
Note 9.9 This method is called the active drive method. Meanwhile, passive drive liquid crystal displays are driven by horizontal and vertical electrodes that intersect each other. In the passive drive method, normal window glass (soda-lime glass) is generally used as the substrate glass.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
Note 9.9 This method is called the active drive method. Meanwhile, passive drive liquid crystal displays are driven by horizontal and vertical electrodes that intersect each other. In the passive drive method, normal window glass (soda-lime glass) is generally used as the substrate glass.
- 14.
Note 9.11 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) has been in use since Mr. Brown invented it in 1897.
- 15.
Note 9.12 FPD, stands for Flat Panel Display, meaning a display device mounted with a thin and flat screen and represented by liquid crystal display (LCD) and plasma display (PDP).
- 16.
Note 9.13 The curve at the rear end of the cathode-ray tube where the deflection yoke is mounted. The name comes from its funnel like appearance.
- 17.
Note 9.14 In a broad sense, electron beams are particle beams created by converging and accelerating electrons to the state of beams. A CRT has three electron beams, which, respectively, illuminates R, G and B phosphors.
- 18.
Note 9.15 The operating voltage of the electron gun varies depending on the characteristics, but it is generally in the rage of 20–200 V at the cathode, 5–10 kV at the pre-focus lens and 20–30 kV at the main lens.
- 19.
Note 9.16 The maximum working temperature of the CRT electron gun is approximately 1,000 K at the heater.
- 20.
Note 9.17 The radio system in which high-frequency signals generated on antennas by electric waves are converted to intermediate frequencies before amplification. The regenerative four-tube radio could generate intercept waves caused by oscillation. Production was discontinued after the war in response to GHQ instructions.
- 21.
Note 9.18 If the magnetic field applied to a magnetic body is increased, the magnetic flux stops increasing at a certain point. This phenomenon is called magnetic saturation and the magnetic flux density at this point is expressed by the saturated magnetic flux density.
- 22.
Note 9.19 If the magnetic field applied to a magnetic body is increased, magnetization inside the magnetic body can no longer catch up with the frequency of the magnetic field at a certain point. The excess magnetic field becomes the loss. This loss is called the core loss.
- 23.
Note 9.20 Copper wires coated with urethane resin are used in transformers. The insulation coating is peeled off from both ends of the wire for connection with terminals after winding.
- 24.
Note 9.21 A device that converts DC power to AC power.
- 25.
Note 9.22 The amount indicating the resistance of current flow in AC circuits. The complex number is generally expressed by the Z symbol. The real part is called the resistance and the imaginary part is called the reactance. The unit is ohm (Ω).
- 26.
Note 9.23 A part used to convert AC voltage by electromagnetic induction. Coils made by winding copper wires are normally used for both input and output. Therefore, they are called coil transformers.
- 27.
Note 9.24 Tinsel and Lead wires made by covering core wires made of resin with copper foils. They are resistant to vibration and used in products such as speakers.
Literature
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The Ceramic Society of Japan. (2012). Displays. In: Advanced Ceramic Technologies & Products. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54108-0_9
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