Skip to main content

Interaction Between Male and Female Mating Strategies and Factors Affecting Reproductive Outcome

  • Chapter
The Japanese Macaques

Part of the book series: Primatology Monographs ((PrimMono,volume 0))

Abstract

Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) have multimale–multifemale social groups, which provides for complex male and female mating strategies. According to the primate sexual selection theory, males fundamentally compete with rival males for access to females. Male mating strategies include direct male–male competition, sperm competition, and sneak copulation. On the other hand, females have a counterstrategy against male sexual coercion: extended receptivity, which functions to conceal the exact time of ovulation from males, and thus prevents individual males from monopolizing access to females. Female mating strategies include mate choice toward particular males, which brings a female or her offspring material and/or genetic benefits, and mating with multiple males to prevent infanticide through paternity confusion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agetsuma N, Nakagawa N (1998) Effects of habitat differences on feeding behaviors of Japanese monkeys: comparison between Yakushima and Kinkazan. Primates 39:275–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altmann S (1962) A field study of the sociology of rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. Ann N Y Acad Sci 102:338–435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett GM, Shimizu K, Bardi M, Asaba S, Mori A (2002) Endocrine correlates of rank, reproduction, and female-directed aggression in male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Horm Behav 42:85–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bercovitch F (1997) Reproductive strategies of rhesus macaques. Primates 38:247–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berenstain L, Wade T (1983) Intrasexual selection and male mating strategies in baboons and macaques. Int J Primatol 4:201–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixson AF (1998) Primate sexuality: comparative studies of the prosimians, monkeys, apes, and human beings. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt A, Pfeifer J-B, Heistermann M, Niemitz C, van Hooff JARAM, Hodges JK (2004) Assessment of female reproductive status by male longtailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis, under natural conditions. Anim Behav 67:915–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T (1974) The sexual behavior of Japanese monkeys. J Hum Evol 3:351–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T (1975) The sexual behavior of wild Japanese monkeys. In: Kondo S, Kawai M, Ehara A (eds) Contemporary primatology: proceedings of 5th international primatological congress, Nagoya 1974. Karger, Basel, pp 275–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T (1978) On social preference in sexual behavior of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). J Hum Evol 7:283–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T (1981) Male aggression and the sexual behavior of Japanese monkeys. Primates 22:15–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto T, Seiki K, Haruki Y (1979) On the correlation between sexual behavior and ovarian hormone level during the menstrual cycle in captive Japanese monkeys. Primates 20:563–570

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita S, Sugiura H, Mitsunaga F, Shimizu K (2004) Hormonal profiles and reproductive ­characteristics in wild female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Am J Primatol 64:367–375

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa S (2007) Female defensibility in a small troops of Japanese macaques vis-a-vis nontroop males and copulation on the periphery of the troop. Int J Primatol 28:73–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa S (2008) Male–female mating tactics and paternity of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui). Am J Primatol 70:986–989

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hrdy S (1979) Infanticide among animals: a review, classification, and examination of the implications for the reproductive strategies of females. Ethol Sociobiol 1:13–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huffman MA (1987) Consort intrusion and female mate choice in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Ethology 75:221–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huffman MA (1991a) Consort relationship duration, conception, and social relationships in female Japanese macaques. In: Ehara A, Kimura T, Takenaka O, Iwamoto M (eds) Primatology today. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 199–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffman MA (1991b) Mate selection and partner preferences in female Japanese macaques. In: Fedigan LM, Asquith PJ (eds) The monkeys of Arashiyama: thirty-five years of research in Japan and the West. State University of New York Press, Albany, pp 101–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffman M (1992) Influences of female partner preference on potential reproductive outcome in Japanese macaques. Folia Primatol 59:77–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue M, Takenaka O (1993) Japanese macaque microsatellite PCR primers for paternity testing. Primates 34:37–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue E, Takenaka O (2007) The effect of male tenure and female mate choice on paternity in free-ranging Japanese macaques. Am J Primatol 70:62–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue M, Takenaka A, Tanaka S, Kominami R, Takenaka O (1990) Paternity discrimination in a Japanese macaque group by DNA fingerprinting. Primates 31:563–570

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue M, Mitsunaga F, Ohsawa H, Takenaka A, Sugiyama Y, Gaspard S, Takenaka O (1991) Male mating behaviour and paternity discrimination by DNA fingerprinting in a Japanese macaque group. Folia Primatol 56:202–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue M, Mitsunaga F, Nozaki M, Ohsawa H, Takenaka A, Sugiyama Y, Shimizu K, Takenaka O (1993) Male dominance rank and reproductive success in an enclosed group of Japanese macaques: with special reference to post-conception mating . Primates 34:503–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izawa K (2009) The studies of wild Japanese macaques [Yasei Nihon Zaru No Kenkyu]. Doubutsu-sha, Tokyo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Manson JH (1995) Do female rhesus macaques choose novel males? Am J Primatol 37:285–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsubara M (2003) Costs of mate guarding and opportunistic mating among wild male Japanese macaques. Int J Primatol 24:1057–1075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsubara M, Sprague D (2004) Mating tactics in response to costs incurred by mating with multiple males in wild female Japanese macaques. Int J Primatol 25:901–917

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsunaga F, Nozaki M, Inoue M, Takenaka A, Takenaka O, Sugiyama Y, Ohsawa H (1992) Steroid hormones and sexual behavior of female Japanese monkeys in an enclosed group. In: Itoigawa N, Sugiyama Y, Sackett GP, Thompson RKR (eds) Topics in primatology, vol 3. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 23–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitsunaga F, Nozaki M, Shimizu K (1994) Suppressed copulatory behaviour and ovarian function in lactating Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata). Primates 35:79–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori A, Yamaguchi N, Watanabe K, Shimizu K (1997) Sexual maturation of female Japanese macaques under poor nutritional conditions and food-enhanced perineal swelling in the Koshima troop. Int J Primatol 18:553–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa N (1989) Bioenergetics of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) on Kinkazan island during winter. Primates 30:441–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama Y, Matsuoka S, Watanuki Y (1999) Feeding rates and energy deficits of juvenile and adult Japanese monkeys in a cool temperature area with snow coverage. Ecol Res 14:291–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nigi H (1975) Menstrual cycle and some other related aspects of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Primates 16:206–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Nigi H, Hayama S (1990) Copulatory behavior unaccompanied by ovulation in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata). Primates 31:243–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nozaki M, Mitsunaga F, Shimizu K (1995) Reproductive senescence in female Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata): age- and season-related changes in hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian ­functions and fecundity rates. Biol Reprod 52:1250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nunn CL (1999) The evolution of exaggerated sexual swellings in primates and the graded-signal hypothesis. Anim Behav 58:229–246

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okayasu N (2001) Contrast of estrus in accordance with social contexts between two troops of wild Japanese macaques on Yakushima. Anthropol Sci 109:121–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul A (1997) Breeding seasonality affects the association between dominance and reproductive success in non-human male primates. Folia Primatol 68:344–349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul A (2002) Sexual selection and mate choice . Int J Primatol 23:877–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul A (2004) Dominance and paternity. In: Thierry B, Singh M, Kaumanns W (eds) Macaque societies: a model for the study of social organization. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 131–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Perloe S (1992) Male mating competition, female choice and dominance in a free ranging group of Japanese macaques. Primates 33:289–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saito C, Sato S, Suzuki S, Sugiura H, Agetsuma N, Takahata Y, Sasaki C, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Yamagiwa J (1998) Aggressive intergroup encounters in two populations of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Primates 39:303–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SillĂ©n-Tullberg B, Møller AP (1993) The relationship between concealed ovulation and mating systems in anthropoid primates: a phylogenetic analysis. Am Nat 141:1–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Small MF (1990) Promiscuity in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Am J Primatol 20:267–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis J (1999) Measuring male–female relationships during the mating season in wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui). Primates 40:453–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis J (2004) Mating systems. In: Thierry B, Singh M, Kaumanns W (eds) Macaque societies: a model for the studies in biological and evolutionary anthropology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 135–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Soltis J, Mitsunaga F, Shimizu K, Nozaki M, Yanagihara Y, Domingo-roura X, Takenaka O (1997a) Sexual selection in Japanese macaques II: female mate choice and male–male competition. Anim Behav 54:737–746

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis J, Mitsunaga F, Shimizu K, Yanagihara Y, Nozaki M (1997b) Sexual selection in Japanese macaques. I: Female mate choice or male sexual coercion? Anim Behav 54:725–736

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis J, Mitsunaga F, Shimizu K, Yanagihara Y, Nozaki M (1999) Female mating strategy in an enclosed group of Japanese macaques. Am J Primatol 47:263–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis J, Thomsen R, Matsubayashi K, Takenaka O (2000) Infanticide by resident males and female counter-strategies in wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 48:195–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltis J, Thomsen R, Takenaka O (2001) The interaction of male and female reprodictive strategies and paternity in wild Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata. Anim Behav 62:485–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sprague DS (1991) Mating by nontroop males among the Japanese macaques of Yakushima Island. Folia Primatol 57:156–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki S, Hill DA, Sprague DS (1998) Intertroop transfer and dominance rank structure of nonnatal male Japanese macaques in Yakushima, Japan. Int J Primatol 19:703–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H (2001) Influence of fluctuation in the operational sex ratio to mating of troop and non-troop male Japanese macaques for four years on Kinkazan Island, Japan. Primates 42:183–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H (2002) Female reproductive parameters and fruit availability: factors determining onset of estrus in Japanese macaques. Am J Primatol 51:141–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H (2004) Do males have a better chance of mating when the number of estrous females is equal to or greater than the males’ ordinal rank? Testing the hypothesis in Japanese macaques. Am J Primatol 63:95–102

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahata Y (1980) The reproductive biology of a free-ranging troop of Japanese monkeys. Primates 21:303–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahata Y (1982a) Social relation between adult males and females of Japanese monkeys in the Arashiyama B troop. Primates 23:1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahata Y (1982b) The socio-sexual behavior of Japanese monkeys. Z Tierpsychol 59:89–108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahata Y, Suzuki S, Agetsuma N, Okayasu N, Sugiura H, Takahashi H, Yamagiwa J, Izawa K, Furuichi T, Hill DA, Maruhashi T, Saito C, Sato S, Sprague DS (1998) Reproduction of wild Japanese macaque females of Yakushima and Kinkazan Islands: a preliminary report. Primates 39:339–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahata Y, Huffman MA, Suzuki S, Koyama N, Yamagiwa J (1999) Why dominants do not consistently attain high mating and reproductive success : a review of longitudinal Japanese macaque studies. Primates 40:143–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuji Y, Fujita S, Sugiura H, Saito C, Takatsuki S (2006) Long-term variation in fruiting and the food habits of wild Japanese macaques on Kinkazan Island, northern Japan. Am J Primatol 68:1068–1080

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Schaik CP, Hodges JK, Nunn CL (2000) Paternity confusion and the ovarian cycle s of female primates. In: van Schaik CP, Janson C (eds) Infanticide by males and its implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 361–387

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe K, Mori A, Kawai M (1992) Characteristic features of the reproduction of Koshima monkeys, Macaca fuscata fuscata: a summary of thirty-four years of observation. Primates 33:1–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe L (1986) Sexual strategies of female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Hum Evol 1:267–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff J, Macdonald D (2004) Promiscuous females protect their offspring. Trends Ecol Evol 19:127–134

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wrangham R (1980) An ecological model of female-bonded primate groups. Behaviour 75:262–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada K, Nakamichi M (2006) A fatal attack on an unweaned infant by a non-resident male in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) at Katsuyama. Primates 47:165–169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamagiwa J (1985) Socio-sexual factors of troop fission in wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima Island, Japan. Primates 26:105–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamagiwa J, Hill DA (1998) Intraspecific variation in the social organization of Japanese macaques: past and present scope of field studies in natural habitats. Primates 39:257–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinner DP, Nunn CL, van Schaik CP, Kappeler PM (2004) Sexual selection and exaggerated sexual swellings of female primates. In: Kappeler PM, van Schaik CP (eds) Sexual selection in ­primates: new and comparative perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 71–89

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shiho Fujita .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fujita, S. (2010). Interaction Between Male and Female Mating Strategies and Factors Affecting Reproductive Outcome. In: Nakagawa, N., Nakamichi, M., Sugiura, H. (eds) The Japanese Macaques. Primatology Monographs, vol 0. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53886-8_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics