Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

What Magnetic Field Parameters are Biologically Effective?

  • Chapter
Book cover Electromagnetics in Biology

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

6.10 References

  • Ainsbury EA, Conein E, Henshaw DL (2005) An investigation into the vector ellipticity of extremely low frequency magnetic fields from appliances in UK homes. Phys Med Biol 50: 3197–3209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bersani F, Marinelli F, Ognibene A, Matteucci A, Cecchi S, Santi S, Sqarzoni S, Maraldi NM (1997) Intramemebrane protein distribution in cell cultures is affected by 50 Hz pulsed magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 18:463–469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burch JB, Reif JS, Yost MG, Keefe TJ, Pitrat CA (1998) Nocturnal excretion of a urinary melatonin metabolite among electric utility workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 24:183–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Burch JB, Reif JS, Yost MG, Keefe TJ, Pitrat CA (1999) Reduced excretion of a melatonin metabolite in workers exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Am J Epidemiol 150:27–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Burch JB, Reif JS, Noonan CW, Yost MG (2000) Melatonin metabolite levels in workers exposed to 60Hz magnetic fields: work in substations and with 3-phase conductors. J Ocup Environ Med 42:136–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook MR, Graham C, Cohen HD, Gerkovich MM (1992) A replication study of human exposure to 60-Hz fields: effects on neurobehavioral measures. Bioelectromagnetics 13:261–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crasson M, Beckers V, Pequeux C, Claustrat B, Legros JJ (2001) Daytime 50 Hz magnetic field exposure and plasma melatonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration profiles in humans. J.Pineal Res. 31: 234–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Bruyn L, de Jager L, Kuyl JM (2001) The influence of long-term exposure of mice to randomly varied power frequency magnetic fields on their nocturnal melatonin secretion patterns. Environmental and Research Section A 85: 115–121

    Google Scholar 

  • EPRI (1994) Residential transient magnetic field research: interim report. Project RP2966-07. Palo Alto, Cal. Electric Power Research Institute, Report TR-103470

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham C, Cook MR, Riffle DW, Gerkovich MM, Cohen HD (1996) Nocturnal melatonin levels in human volunteers exposed to intermittent 60Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 17: 263–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham C, Cook MR, Sastre A, Riffle DW, Gerkovich MM (2000) Multi-night exposure to 60Hz magnetic fields: effects on melatonin and its enzymatic metabolite. J Pineal Res 28: 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham C, Sastre A, Cook MR, Gerkovich MM (2001) All night exposure to EMF does not alter urinary melatonin, 6-OHMS or immune measures in older men and women. J.Pineal Res 31: 109–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griefahn B, Kuenemund C, Blaszkewicz M, Golka K, Mehnert P, Degen G (2001) Experiments on the effects of a continuous 17 Hz magnetic field on melatonin secretion, core body temperature and heart rats in humans. Bioelectromagnetics 22: 581–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heikkinen P, Kumlin Y, Laitinen JT, Komulainen H, Juutilainen J (1999) Chronic exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields or 900-MHz electromagnetic fields does not alter nocturnal 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate secretion in CBA/S mice. Electro-and Magnetobiology 18: 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henshaw DL, Reiter RJ (2005) Do magnetic fields cause increased risk of childhood leukemia via melatonin disruption? Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 7: 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivancsits S, Diem E, Pilger A, Ruediger HW, Jahn O (2002) Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in human diploid fibroblasts. Mutation Research 519: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivancsits S, Diem E, Jahn O, Ruediger HW (2003) Intermittent extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields cause DNA damage in a dose-dependent way. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 76: 431–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivancsits S, Pilger A, Diem E, Jahn O, Ruediger HW (2005) Cell type-specific genotoxic effects of intermittent extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutation Research 583: 184–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • John TM, Liu GY, Brown GM(1998) 60 Hz magnetic field exposure and urinary 6-sulphatoxy melatonin levels in the rat. Bioelectromagnetics 19: 172–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato M, Honma K, Shigemitsu T, Shiga Y (1993) Effects of circularly polarized 50-Hz magnetic field on plasma and pineal melatonin levels in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 14: 97–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato M, Honma K, Shigemitsu T, Shiga Y(1994) Horizontal or vertical 50-Hz, 1 µT magnetic fields have no effect on pineal gland or plasma melatonin concentration on albino rats. Neurosci. Lett. 168: 205–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato M, Shigemitsu T (1997) Effects of 50-Hz magnetic fields on pineal function in the rat. In “The Melatonin Hypothesis-Breast cancer and use of electric power” Ed. Stevens, RG, Wilson, BW, Anderson, LE Battelle Press, Columbus, 337–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato M, Shigemitsu T, Yamazaki K, Kikuchi T, Oba W (1999) 50-Hz magnetic field exposure and melatonin in the rat. Ed: Bersani. F, Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Kluwer Academic 67–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai H (1996) Spatial learning deficit in the rat after exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 17: 494–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lai H, Carino MA (1999) 60 Hz magnetic fields and central cholinergic activity: effects of exposure intensity and duration. Bioelectromagnetics 20: 284–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L, Yost M, Hiatt RA (2002) Nested case-control study of residential and personal magnetic field measures and miscarriages. Epidemiology 13: 21–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerchel A, Nonaka KO, Reiter RJ (1991) Pineal gland “magnetosensitivity” to static magnetic fields is a consequence of induced electric currents (eddy currents). J Pineal Res 10: 109–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li KD, Odouli R, Wi S, Janevic T, Golditch I, Bracken TD, Senior R, Rankin R, Iriye R (2002) Population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Epidemiology 13: 9–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisi A, Pozzi D, Pasquali E, et al (2000) Three dimensional (3D) analysis of the morphological changes induced by 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on human lymphoblastoid cells (Raji). Bioelectromagnetics 21: 46–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loescher W, Wahnschaffe U, Mevissen M, Lerchl A, Stamm A (1994) Effects of weak alternating magnetic fields on nocturnal melatonin production and mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Oncology 51: 288–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezei G, Bracken D, Senior R, Kavet R (2005) Analysis of magnetic-field peak-exposure summary measures. J Expos Analysis Environ Epidemiol 1: 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Niehaus M, Bruggemeyer H, Bahre HM, Lerchl A (1997) Growth retardation, testicular stimulation, and increased melatonin synthesis by weak magnetic fields (50 Hz) in Djungarian hamsters, Phodopus sungorus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 234: 707–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordenson I, Mild KH, Andersson G, Sandstrom M (1994) Chromosomal aberrations in human amniotic cells after intermittent exposure to fifty Hertz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 15: 293–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips JB, Deutschlander ME (1997) Magnetoreception in terrestrial vertebrates: implications for possible mechanisms of EMF interaction with biological system. In “The Melatonin Hypothesis-Breast cancer and use of electric power” Ed. Stevens, RG, Wilson, BW, Anderson, LE Battelle Press, Columbus, 111–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Picazo ML, Catalá MD, Romo MA, Bardasano JL (1998) Inhibition of melatonin in the plasma of third-generation male mice under the action of ELF magnetic fields. Electro-Magnetobiol 17: 75–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers WR, Reiter RJ, Barlow-Walden L, Smith HD, Orr JL (1995a) Regularly scheduled, day-time, slow-onset 60 Hz electric and magnetic field exposure does not depress serum melatonin concentration in nonhuman primates. Bioelectromagnetic Suppl 3: 111–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers WR, Reiter RJ, Smith HD, Barlow-Walden L (1995b) Rapid-onset/offset, variably scheduled 60Hz electric and magnetic field exposure reduces nocturnal serum melatonin concentration in nonhuman primates. Bioelectromagnetic Suppl 3: 119–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savitz DA, Herring AH, Mezei G, Evenson KR, Terry Jr. JW, Kavet R (2006) Physical activity and magnetic field exposure in pregnancy. Epidemiol 17: 222–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuderer J, Oesch W, Felber N, Spaet D, Kuster N (2004) In vitro exposure apparatus for ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 25: 582–591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selmaoui B, Touitou Y (1995) Sinusoidal 50-Hz magnetic fields depress rat pineal NAT activity and serum melatonin. Role of duration and intensity of exposure. Life Sciences 57: 1351–1358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y (1996) Magnetic fields and pineal function in humans: evaluation of nocturnal acute exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on serum melatonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythms. Life Sciences 58: 1539–1549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selmaoui B, Touitou Y (1999) Age-related differences in serum melatonin and pineal NAT activity and in the response of rat pineal to a 50-Hz magnetic field. Life Sciences 64: 2291–2297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Semm P (1983) Neurobiological investigations on the magnetic sensitivity of the pineal gland in rodents and pigeons. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 76A: 683–689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Semm P, Schneider T, Vollrath L (1980) Effects of an earth-strength magnetic field on electrical activity of pineal cells. Nature 288: 607–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shigemitsu T, Takeshita K, Shiga Y, Kato M (1993) A 50 Hz magnetic field exposure system for small animals. Bioelectromagnetics 14: 107–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sienkiewicz ZJ, Haylock RGE, Saunders RD (1996) Acute exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields has no effect on the acquisition of a spatial learning task by adult male mice. Bioelectromagnetics 17: 180–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simko M, Kriehuber R, Lange S (1998) Micronucleus formation in human amnion cells after exposure to 50Hz MF applied horizontally and vertically. Mutation Research 418: 101–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Truong H, Yellon SM (1997) Effect of various acute 60Hz magnetic field exposures on the nocturnal melatonin rise in the adult Djungarian hamster. J Pineal Res 22: 177–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valberg PA (1995) Designing EMF experiments; what is required to characterize “Exposure”? Bioelectromagnetics 16: 396–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welker HA, Semm P, Willig RP, Commentz JC, Wiltschko W, Vollrath L (1983) Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland. Exp Brain Res 50: 426–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson BW, Wright CW, Morrisom JE, Buschbom R, Brown D, Miller D, Sommers-Flannigan R, Anderson LE (1990) Evidence for an effect of ELF electromagnetic fields on human pineal gland function. J Pineal Res 9: 259–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson BW, Matt KS, Morris JE, Sasser LB, Miller DL, Anderson LE (1999) Effects of 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on the pineal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Bioelectromagnetics 20: 224–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood AW, Armstrong SM, Sait ML, Devine L, Martin MJ (1998) Changes in human plasma melatonin profiles in response to 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. J Pineal Res 25: 116–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasui M(1994) Magnetic fields under transmission line(Japanese text). Power Engineer R & D Center, Tokyo Electric Power Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yellon SM (1996) 60-Hz magnetic field exposure effects on the melatonin rhythm and photoperiod control of reproduction. Am J Physiol 270: E816–E821

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan

    Tsukasa Shigemitsu Dr. Eng. (Senior Research Engineer)

  2. Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Masamichi Kato M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus)

Authors
  1. Tsukasa Shigemitsu Dr. Eng.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Masamichi Kato M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan

    Masamichi Kato M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus) (Professor Emeritus)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shigemitsu, T., Kato, M. (2006). What Magnetic Field Parameters are Biologically Effective?. In: Kato, M. (eds) Electromagnetics in Biology. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-27914-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-27914-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-27913-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-27914-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation