It is now well established that in all vertebrate species the development of a functional haematopoietic system requires the sequential contribution of two independently generated pools of haematopoietic precursors. These two haematopoietic precursors waves are dedicated to specialized functions regarding haematopoiesis ontogeny. The first, which occurs in the extra-embryonic compartment, in the yolk Sac (YS) blood islands, rapidly produces the differentiated erythro-myeloid cells (erythrocytes, macrophages and megakaryocytes) necessary for developing tissue homeostasis. This extremely fast differentiation seems to occur at the expense of differentiation and maintenance potentials (see below). The second wave of precursors develops in the intra-embryonic compartment, in the aorta region, and gives rise to Haematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC), which are thought to be responsible for lifelong maintenance of haematopoiesis (Cumano and Godin, 2007).
In lower vertebrate species, such as Avian and Amphibian, the independent generation of extra- and intra-embryonic precursors pools, as well as the transient nature of the extra-embryonic one, was demonstrated through the use of interspecific chimaeras.
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Kaushik, AL., Giroux, S.J.D., Klaine, M., Jalil, A., Lécluse, Y., Godin, I. (2009). Gene Transfer into Mouse Haemogenic Sites, as a Mean to Functionally Approach the Control of Mesoderm Determination Towards a Haematopoietic Fate. In: Nakamura, H. (eds) Electroporation and Sonoporation in Developmental Biology. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-09427-2_18
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