Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Context-Related Moderators on the Internationalization-Performance Relationship: Evidence from Meta-Analysis

  • Chapter
Internationalization and Firm Performance

  • 989 Accesses

Empirical research in a certain domain typically involves three phases (Hunter and Schmidt, 1990). In the first phase researchers conduct individual studies with the ambition that their efforts will lead to a clear answer to the research question at hand. Inevitably, these single studies suffer from statistical bias such as sampling error, measurement error, and range restriction. As a consequence empirical results across studies might not be conclusive or even contradictory and lead to different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

Studies employed in the meta-analysis are denoted with an asterisk

  • ∗ Aggarwal, R. (1979) ‘Multinationality and Stock Market Valuation: An Empirical Study of U.S. Markets and Companies’, Management International Review 19(2): 5–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amit, R. and Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1993) ‘Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent’, Strategic Management Journal 14(1): 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Annavarjula, M.G. and Beldona, S. (2000) ‘Multinationality-Performance Relationship: A Review and Reconceptualization’, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis 8(1): 48–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Autio, E., Sapienza, H.J. and Almeida, J.G. (2000) ‘Effects of Age at Entry, Knowledge Intensity, and Imitability on International Growth’, Academy of Management Journal 43(5): 909–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkema, H.G. and Vermeulen, F. (1998) ‘International Expansion through Start-up or Acquisition: A Learning Perspective’, Academy of Management Journal 41(1): 7–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J.B. (1991) ‘Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage’, Journal of Management 17(1): 99–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benvignati, A.M. (1987) ‘Domestic Profit Advantages of Multinational Firms’, Journal of Business 60(3): 449–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettis, R.A. and Hall, W.K. (1982) ‘Diversification Strategy, Accounting Determined Risk, and Accounting Determined Return’, Academy of Management Journal 25(2): 254–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biggadike, R.E. (1979) ‘The Risky Business of Diversification’, Harvard Business Review 57(3): 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Bloodgood, J.M., Sapienza, H.J. and Almeida, J.G. (1996) ‘The Internationalization of New High- Potential U.S. Ventures: Antecedents and Outcomes’, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 20(4): 61–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boddewyn, J.J. (1988) ‘Political Aspects of MNE Theory’, Journal of International Business Studies 19(3): 341–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, H.L. (1981) ‘ Investor Benefits from Corporate International Diversification’, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 16(1): 113–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, T.L. (1992) ‘An Issue-Area Approach to the Analysis of MNE-Government Relations’, Journal of International Business Studies 23(2): 295–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brush, C.G. (1995) International Entrepreneurship: The Effects of Firm Age on Motives of Internationalization, Garland: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, C.G. and Vanderwerf, P.A. (1992) ‘A Comparison of Methods and Sources for Obtaining Estimates of New Venture Performance’, Journal of Business Venturing 7(2): 157–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J. and Casson, M. (1976) The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, Macmillan: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J., Dunning, J.H. and Pearce, R.D. (1977) ‘The Influence of Firm Size, Industry, Nationality, and Degree of Multinationality in the Growth and Profitability of the World's Largest Firms’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 114: 243–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Buhner, R. (1987) ‘Assessing International Diversification of West German Corporations’, Strategic Management Journal 8(1): 25–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗ Capar, N. and Kotabe, M. (2003) ‘The Relationship between International Diversification and Performance in Service Firms’, Journal of International Business Studies 34(4): 345–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, C. (1994) ‘Intrapreneurship in Large Firms and SMEs: A Comparative Study’, International Small Business Journal 12(3): 54–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caves, R.E. (1971) ‘Industrial Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment’, Economica 38(149): 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caves, R.E. (1982) Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, S.J. and Rosenzweig, P.M. (2001) ‘The Choice of Entry Mode in Sequential Foreign Direct Investment’, Strategic Management Journal 22(8): 747–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Y. and Thomas, H. (1989) ‘The Impact of Diversification Strategy on Risk-Return Performance’, Strategic Management Journal 10(3): 271–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Chen, R. and Martin, M.J. (2001) ‘Foreign Expansion of Small Firms: The Impact of Domestic Alternatives and Prior Foreign Business Involvement’, Journal of Business Venturing 16(6): 557–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christophe, S.E. (1997) ‘Hysteresis and the Value of the U.S. Multinational Corporation’, Journal of Business 70(3): 435–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1977) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science, Academic Press: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, W.M. and Levinthal, D.A. (1990) ‘Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation’, Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1): 128–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J.M. (1990) ‘A Market Performance Comparison of U.S. Firms Active in Domestic, Developed and Developing Countries’, Journal of International Business Studies 21(2): 271–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Combs, J.G. and Ketchen Jr., D.J. (2003) ‘Why Do Firms Use Franchising as an Entrepreneurial Strategy? A Meta-Analysis’, Journal of Management 29(3): 443–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Contractor, F.J., Kundu, S.K. and Hsu, C.C. (2003) ‘A Three-Stage Theory of International Expansion: The Link between Multinationality and Performance in the Service Sector’, Journal of International Business Studies 34(1): 5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coviello, N.E. and McAuley, A. (1999) ‘ Internationalisation and the Smaller Firm: A Review of Contemporary Empirical Research’, Management International Review 39(3): 223–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Covin, J.G., Slevin, D.P. and Covin, T.J. (1990) ‘Content and Performance of Growth-Seeking Strategies: A Comparison of Small Firms in High-and Low-Technology Industries’, Journal of Business Venturing 5(6): 391–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, D.R., Daily, C.M., Ellstrand, A.E. and Johnson, J.L. (1998) ‘Meta-Analytic Reviews of Board Composition, Leadership Structure, and Financial Performance’, Strategic Management Journal 19(3): 269–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, D.R., Daily, C.M., Johnson, J.L. and Ellstrand, A.E. (1999) ‘Number of Directors and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis’, Academy of Management Journal 42(6): 674–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels, J.D. and Bracker, J. (1989) ‘Profit Performance: Do Foreign Operations Make a Difference?’ Management International Review 29: 46–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, W.H. (1983) ‘Market Similarity and Market Selection: Implications for International Marketing Strategy’, Journal of Business Research 11: 439–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeCarolis, D.M. (2003) ‘Competencies and Imitability in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Analysis of Their Relationship with Firm Performance’, Journal of Management 29(1): 27–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Delios, A. and Beamish, P.W. (1999) ‘Geographic Scope, Product Diversification, and the Corporate Performance of Japanese Firms’, Strategic Management Journal 20(8): 711–727.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delios, A. and Henisz, W.J. (2000) ‘Japanese Firms’ Investment Strategies in Emerging Economies', Academy of Management Journal 43(3): 305–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denis, D.J., Denis, D.K. and Yost, K. (2002) ‘Global Diversification, Industrial Diversification, and Firm Value’, Journal of Finance 57(5): 1951–1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Dhanaraj, C. and Beamish, P.W. (2003) ‘A Resource-Based Approach to the Study of Export Performance’, Journal of Small Business Management 41(3): 242–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doukas, J.A. and Lang, L.H.P. (2003) ‘Foreign Direct Investment, Diversification and Firm Performance’, Journal of International Business Studies 34(2): 153–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Dragun, D. (2002) ‘Challenging the Rhetoric: Internationalisation, Size and Financial Performance’, European Retail Digest(36): 25–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.H. (1981) International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, George Allen and Unwin: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.H. (1988) ‘The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement and Some Possible Extensions’, Journal of International Business Studies 19(1): 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.H. (1993) The Globalization of Business, Routledge: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eden, D. (2002) ‘Replication, Meta-Analysis, Scientific Progress, and AMJ's Publication Policy’, Academy of Management Journal 45(5): 841–846.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egelhoff, W.G. (1982) ‘Strategy and Structure in Multinational Corporations: An Information Processing Approach’, Administrative Science Quarterly 27(1): 435–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eramilli, M.K. (1991) ‘The Experience Factor in Foreign Market Entry Behavior of Service Firms’, Journal of International Business Studies 22: 479–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Errunza, V.R. and Senbet, L.W. (1984) ‘International Corporate Diversification, Market Valuation, and Size-Adjusted Evidence’, Journal of Finance 39(3): 727–745.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fatemi, A.M. (1984) ‘Shareholder Benefits from Corporate International Diversification’, Journal of Finance 39(5): 1325–1344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franko, L.G. (1989) ‘Global Corporate Competition: Who's Winning, Who's Losing, and the R&D Factor as one Reason Why’, Strategic Management Journal 10(5): 449–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrod, N. and Rees, W. (1998) ‘International Diversification and Firm Value’, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 25(9/10): 1255–1281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Geringer, J.M., Beamish, P.W. and DaCosta, R.C. (1989) ‘Diversification Strategy and Internationalization: Implications for MNE Performance’, Strategic Management Journal 10(2): 109–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Geringer, J.M., Tallman, S. and Olsen, D.M. (2000) ‘Product and International Diversification among Japanese Multinational Firms’, Strategic Management Journal 21(1): 51–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glass, G.V., McGaw, B. and Smith, M.L. (1981) Meta-Analysis in Social Research, Sage: Beverly Hills,CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Goerzen, A. and Beamish, P.W. (2003) ‘Geographic Scope and Multinational Enterprise Performance’, Strategic Management Journal 24(13): 1289–1306.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Gomes, L. and Ramaswamy, K. (1999) ‘An Empirical Examination of the Form of the Relationship between Multinationality and Performance’, Journal of International Business Studies 30(1): 173–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Gomez-Mejia, L.R. and Palich, L.E. (1997) ‘Cultural Diversity and the Performance of Multinational Firms’, Journal of International Business Studies 28(2): 309–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Grant, R.M. (1987) ‘Multinationality and Performance among British Manufacturing Companies’, Journal of International Business Studies 18(3): 79–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E. (1994) ‘Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 8(1): 23–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haar, J. (1989) ‘A Comparative Analysis of the Profitability Performance of the Largest U.S., European and Japanese Multinational Enterprises’, Management International Review 29(3): 5–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamel, G. (1991) ‘Competition for Competence and Inter-Partner Learning within International Strategic Alliances’, Strategic Management Journal 12(4): 83–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K. (1985) ‘Do You Really Have a Global Strategy?’ Harvard Business Review 63(4): 139–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, K.C. and Lee, S.H. (1998) ‘Multinationality and Firm Performance’, Multinational Business Review 6(2): 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, G.S. and Wernerfelt, B. (1989) ‘Determinants of Firm Performance: The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors’, Strategic Management Journal 10(5): 399–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, J.S., Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E. and Ireland, R.D. (1991) ‘Synergies and Post-Acquisition Performance: Differences versus Similarities in Resource Allocations’, Journal of Management 17(1): 173–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Harveston, P.D., Kedia, B.L. and Francis, J.D. (1999) ‘MNE's Dependence on Foreign Operations and Performance: A Study of MNEs from the “Triad” Regions’, International Business Review 8(3): 293–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedges, L.V. and Olkin, I. (1985) Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennart, J.F. (1982) A Theory of Multinational Enterprise, The University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennart, J.F. (2007) ‘The Theoretical Rationale for a Multinationality-Performance Relationship’, Management International Review 47(3): 423–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschey, M. (1982) ‘Market Power and Foreign Involvement by U.S. Multinationals’ Review of Economics and Statistics 64: 343–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E., Ireland, R.D. and Harrison, J.S. (1991) ‘Are Acquisitions a Poison Pill for Innovation?’ Academy of Management Executive 5(4): 22–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E. and Kim, H. (1997) ‘International Diversification: Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms’, Academy of Management Journal 40(4): 767–798.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture´s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Sage: Beverly Hills, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Hsu, C.C. and Boggs, D.J. (2003) ‘Internationalization and Performance: Traditional Measures and Their Decomposition’, Multinational Business Review 11(3): 23–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J.E. and Schmidt, F.L. (1990) Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings, Sage: Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, J.E., Schmidt, F.L. and Jackson, G.B. (1982) Meta-Analysis: Cumulating Research Findings across Studies, Sage: Beverly Hills, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymer, S.H. (1976) The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Foreign Direct Investment, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.E. (1977) ‘The Internationalization Process of the Firm - a Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments’, Journal of International Business Studies 8(1): 23–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G.R. and Hill, C.W.L. (1988) ‘Transaction Cost Analysis of Strategic-Structure Choice’, Strategic Management Journal 9(2): 159–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, L. and Schneider, Y. (2004) ‘Intangibles: A Synthesis of Current Research’, Journal of Intellectual Capital 5(3): 366–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, W.C., Hwang, P. and Burgers, W.P. (1989) ‘Global Diversification Strategy and Corporate Profit Performance’, Strategic Management Journal 10(1): 45–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, W.C., Hwang, P. and Burgers, W.P. (1993) ‘Multinational´s Diversification and the Risk-Return Trade-Off’, Strategic Management Journal 14(4): 275–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, W.S. and Lyn, E.O. (1986) ‘Excess Market Value, the Multinational Corporation, and Tobin's q- Ratio’, Journal of International Business Studies 17(1): 119–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, D.R., Dalton, D.R., Daily, C.M. and Covin, J.G. (2004) ‘Meta-Analyses of Post-Acquisition Performance: Indications of Unidentified Moderators’, Strategic Management Journal 25(2): 187–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Knight, G. (2000) ‘Entrepreneurship and Marketing Strategy: The SME under Globalization’, Journal of International Marketing 8(2): 12–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B. (1985) ‘Designing Global Strategies: Profiting from Organizational Flexibility’, Sloan Management Review 27(1): 27–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koslowsky, M. and Sagie, A. (1993) ‘On the Efficacy of Credibility Intervals as Indicators of Moderator Effects in Meta- Analytic Research’, Journal of Organizational Behavior 14(7): 695–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostova, T. and Zaheer, S. (1999) ‘Organizational Legitimacy under Conditions of Complexity: The Case of the Multinational Enterprise’, Academy of Management Review 24(1): 64–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotabe, M., Srinivasan, S.S. and Aulakh, P.S. (2002) ‘Multinationality and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of R&D and Marketing Capabilities’, Journal of International Business Studies 33(1): 79–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, M.S. (1984) ‘Comparative Analysis of UK Domestic and International Firms’, Journal of Economic Studies 11(3): 26–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Lu, J.W. and Beamish, P.W. (2001) ‘The Internationalization and Performance of SMEs’, Strategic Management Journal 22(6/7): 565–586.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Lu, J.W. and Beamish, P.W. (2004) ‘International Diversification and Firm Performance: The SCurve Hypothesis’, Academy of Management Journal 47(4): 598–609.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumpkin, G.T. and Dess, G.G. (1996) ‘Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance’, Academy of Management Review 21(1): 135–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗ Majocchi, A. and Zucchella, A. (2003) ‘Internationalization and Performance’, International Small Business Journal 21(3): 249–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, I., Singh, M. and Gleason, K.C. (2001) ‘The Evidence from Canadian Firms on Multinational Diversification and Performance’, Quarterly Review of Economics & Finance 41(4): 561–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Mauri, A.J. and Sambharya, R.B. (2001) ‘The Impact of Global Integration on MNE Performance: Evidence from Global Industries’, International Business Review 10(4): 441–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, P.P. (1989) ‘International Versus Domestic Entrepreneurship: New Venture Strategic Behavior and Industry Structure’, Journal of Business Venturing 4(6): 387–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗McDougall, P.P. and Oviatt, B.M. (1996) ‘New Venture Internationalization, Strategic Change, and Performance: A Follow-up Study’, Journal of Business Venturing 11(1): 23–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuinness, V.W. and Little, B. (1981) ‘The Impact of R&D Spending on the Foreign Sales of New Canadian Industrial Products’, Research Policy 10(1): 78–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, A. and Shaked, I. (1986) ‘Multinational Corporations vs. Domestic Corporations: Financial Performance and Characteristics’, Journal of International Business Studies 17(3): 89–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. and Camp, B. (1985) ‘Exploring Determinants of Success in Corporate Ventures’, Journal of Business Venturing 1(1): 87–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, C.S. and Gobeli, D.H. (1998) ‘Managerial Incentives, Internalization, and Market Valuation of Multinational Firms’, Journal of International Business Studies 29(3): 583–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morck, R. and Yeung, B. (1991) ‘Why Investors Value Multinationality’, Journal of Business 64(2): 165–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morck, R. and Yeung, B. (1998) Why Firms Diversify: Internalization Versus Agency Behavior, University of Michigan Business School: Ann Arbor, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt, B.M. and McDougall, P.P. (1994) ‘Toward a Theory of International New Ventures’, Journal of International Business Studies 25(1): 45–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palepu, K. (1985) ‘Diversification Strategy, Profit Performance and the Entropy Measure’, Strategic Management Journal 6(3): 239–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palich, L.E., Carini, G.R. and Seaman, S.L. (2000) ‘The Impact of Internationalization on the Diversification-Performance Relationship’, Journal of Business Research 48(1): 43–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos, N. and Denis, J.E. (1988) ‘Inventory, Taxonomy and Assessment of Methods for International Market Selection’, International Marketing Review 5(3): 38–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penrose, E.T. (1959) The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Blackwell: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petitti, D.B. (2000) Meta-Analysis, Decision Analysis, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Methods for Quantitative Synthesis in Medicine, 2nd ed, Oxford University Press: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M.E. (1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Free Press: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, T.C. (1996) ‘How Much Does Industry Matter? An Alternative Empirical Test’, Strategic Management Journal 17(4): 323–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗ Qian, G. (1996) ‘The Effect of Multinationality upon the Risk-Return Performance of US Firms’, International Business Review 5(3): 247–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Qian, G. (2002) ‘Multinationality, Product Diversification, and Profitability of Emerging US Smalland Medium-Sized Enterprises’, Journal of Business Venturing 17(6): 611–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Qian, G. and Li, J. (2002) ‘Multinationality, Global Market Diversification and Profitability among the Largest US Firms’, Journal of Business Research 55(4): 325–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Qian, G. and Li, J. (2003) ‘Profitability of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in High-Tech Industries: The Case of the Biotechnology Industry’, Strategic Management Journal 24(9): 881–887.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswamy, K. (1992) ‘Multinationality and Performance: A Synthesis and Redirection’, Advances in International Comparative Management 7: 241–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez-Aleson, M. and Espitia-Escuer, M.A. (2001) ‘The Effect of International Diversification Strategy on the Performance of Spanish-Based Firms During the Period 1991–1995’, Management International Review 41(3): 291–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeb, D.M., Kwok, C.C.Y. and Baek, Y.H. (1998) ‘Systematic Risk of the Multinational Corporation’, Journal of International Business Studies 29(2): 263–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reuber, A.R. and Fischer, E. (2002) ‘Foreign Sales and Small Firm Growth: The Moderating Role of the Management Team’, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 27(1): 29–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (1996) ‘Internationalization, Diversification Strategy and Ownership Structure: Implications for French MNE Performance’, International Business Review 5: 367–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (1999) ‘The Degree of Internationalization and the Value of the Firm: Theory and Evidence’, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing & Taxation 8(1): 189–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riahi-Belkaoui, A. and Allnajjar, F.K. (2002) ‘Multinationality as a Determinant of Earnings Persistence’, Managerial Finance 28(3): 83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ronen, S. and Shenkar, O. (1985) ‘Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimensions: A Review and Synthesis’, Academy of Management Review 10(3): 435–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R. (1979) ‘The “File Drawer Problem” and Tolerance for Null Results’, Psychological Bulletin 86(3): 638–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, R. and DiMatteo, M.R. (2001) ‘Meta-Analysis: Recent Developments in Quantitative Methods for Literature Reviews’, Annual Review of Psychology 52(1): 59–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, K. and O´Donnell, S. (1996) ‘Foreign Subsidiary Compensation Strategy: An Agency Theory Perspective’, Academy of Management Journal 39(3): 678–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruigrok, W., Amann, W. and Wagner, H. (2007) ‘The Internationalization-Performance Relationship at Swiss Firms: A Test of the S-Shape and Extreme Degrees of Internationalization’, Management International Review 47(3): 349–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Ruigrok, W. and Wagner, H. (2003) ‘Internationalization and Performance: An Organizational Learning Perspective’, Management International Review 43(1): 63–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruigrok, W., Wagner, H. and Amann, W. (2004) ‘The Form of the Internationalization-Performance Relationship: “Universal” or “Context Dependent”?’ Paper prepared for AIB/JIBS paper development workshop, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumelt, R.P. (1974) Strategy, Structure and Economic Performance, Harvard University Press: Boston, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗ Sambharya, R.B. (1995) ‘The Combined Effect of International Diversification and Product Diversification Strategies on the Performance of U.S.-Based Multinational Corporations’, Management International Review 35(3): 197–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapienza, H.J., Autio, E. and Zahra, S. (2003) ‘Effects of Internationalization on Young Firms’ Prospects for Survival and Growth', Academy of Management Proceedings: G1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, F.L., Hunter, J.E. and Raju, N.S. (1988) ‘Validity Generalization and Situational Specifity: A Second Look at the 75% Rule and Fisher´s z Transformation’, Journal of Applied Psychology 73(4): 665–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Severn, A.K. and Laurence, M.M. (1974) ‘Direct Investment, Research Intensity, and Profitability’, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 29(2): 181–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrader, R. 1996 Influences on and Performance Implications of Internationalisation by Publicly Owned U.S. New Ventures: A Risk Taking Perspective. Doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University, Atlanta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuman, J.C. and Seeger, J.B. (1986) ‘The Theory and Practice of Strategic Management in Smaller Rapid Growth Companies’, American Journal of Small Business 11(1): 7–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Siddharthan, N.S. and Lall, S. (1982) ‘The Recent Growth of the Largest US Multinationals’, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 44(1): 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Simmonds, P.G. and Lamont, B.T. (1996) ‘Product-Market/International Diversification and Corporate Performance’, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis 4(3): 252–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H.A. (1955) Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization, Macmillan: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K.G., Gannon, M.J., Grimm, C. and Mitchell, T.R. (1988) ‘Decision Making Behavior in Smaller Entrepreneurial and Larger Professionally Managed Firms’, Journal of Business Venturing 3(3): 223–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stopford, J.M. and Wells, L.T. (1972) Managing the Multinational Enterprise: Organization of the Firm and Ownership of the Subsidiaries, Basic Books: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturman, M.C. (2003) ‘Searching for the Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Time and Performance: Meta-Analyses of the Experience/Performance, Tenure/Performance, and Age/Performance Relationships’, Journal of Management 29(5): 609–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sull, D. (1999) ‘Why Good Companies Go Bad’, Harvard Business Review 77(1): 42–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, D. (1994) ‘Measuring the Degree of Internationalization of a Firm’, Journal of International Business Studies 25(2): 325–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundaram, A.K. and Black, J.S. (1992) ‘The Environment and Internal Organization of Multinational Enterprises’, Academy of Management Review 17(4): 729–757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗ Tallman, S. and Li, J. (1996) ‘Effects of International Diversity and Product Diversity on the Performance of Multinational Firms’, Academy of Management Journal 39(1): 179–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D.J. (1977) ‘Technology Transfer by Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-How’, Economic Journal 87(3): 242–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornhill, S. and Amit, R. (2003) ‘Learning About Failure: Bankruptcy, Firm Age, and the Resource- Based View’, Organization Science 14(5): 497–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tihanyi, L., Ellstrand, A.E., Daily, C.M. and Dalton, D.R. (2000) ‘Composition of the Top Management Team and Firm International Diversification’, Journal of Management 26(6): 1157–1177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD (2004) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, World Investment Report 2004: The Shift Towards Services, United Nations: New York & Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vachani, S. (1991) ‘Distinguishing between Related and Unrelated International Geographic Diversification: A Comprehensive Measure of Global Diversification’, Journal of International Business Studies 22(2): 307–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vermeulen, F. and Barkema, H. (2002) ‘Pace, Rhythm, and Scope: Process Dependence in Building a Profitable Multinational Corporation’, Strategic Management Journal 23(7): 637–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R. (1971) Sovereignty at Bay: The Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises, Basic Books: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, H. 2001 Towards a Contingency Theory on the Internationalization-Performance Relationship: Four Complementary Essays. Doctoral dissertation, University St. Gallen.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Wan, C.C. (1998) ‘International Diversification, Industrial Diversification and Firm Performance in Hong Kong MNCs’, Asia Pacific Journal of Management 15(2): 205–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Wan, W.P. and Hoskisson, R.E. (2003) ‘Home Country Environments, Corporate Diversification Strategies, and Firm Performance’, Academy of Management Journal 46(1): 27–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wernerfelt, B. (1984) ‘A Resource-Based View of the Firm’, Strategic Management Journal 5(2): 171–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westhead, P., Wright, M. and Ucbasaran, D. (2001) ‘The Internationalization of New and Small Firms: A Resource-Based View’, Journal of Business Venturing 16: 333–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitener, E.M. (1990) ‘Confusion of Confidence Intervals and Credibility Intervals in Meta-Analysis’, Journal of Applied Psychology 75(3): 315–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O.E. (1975) Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, Free Press: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, F.M. (1986) Meta-Analysis: Quantitative Methods for Research Synthesis, Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, D.P. and Rolfe, R.J. (1993) ‘The Location of Export-Oriented Foreign Direct Investment in the Caribbean Basin’, Journal of International Business Studies 24(1): 121–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaheer, S. (1995) ‘Overcoming the Liability of Foreignness’, Academy of Management Journal 38(2): 341–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S.A. (1996) ‘Governance, Ownership, and Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Impact of Industry Technological Opportunities’, Academy of Management Journal 39(6): 1713–1735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ∗Zahra, S.A. and Garvis, D.M. (2000) ‘International Corporate Entrepreneurship and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effect of International Environmental Hostility’, Journal of Business Venturing 15(5/6): 469–492.

    Google Scholar 

  • ∗Zahra, S.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hitt, M.A. (2000) ‘International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance’, Academy of Management Journal 43(5): 925–950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H., Luo, Y. and Suh, T. (2004) ‘Transaction Cost Determinants and Ownership-Based Entry Mode Choice: A Meta-Analytical Review’, Journal of International Business Studies 35(6): 524–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Mario Krist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Gabler | GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Krist, M. (2009). The Effect of Context-Related Moderators on the Internationalization-Performance Relationship: Evidence from Meta-Analysis. In: Internationalization and Firm Performance. Gabler. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9498-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation