Skip to main content

Clustering Customer Contact Sequences - Results of a Customer Survey in Retailing

  • Chapter
Book cover European Retail Research

Part of the book series: European Retail Research ((ERR))

Abstract

We used a sequence alignment method to cluster customers (N = 132) of a branch of a German consumer electronics retailer according to the sequence of the customers’ contacts with its different marketing channels (e.g. store, homepage, newspaper advertising) during the whole purchase process. In doing so, we obtained three clusters in a short sequences and a long sequences segment. Results reveal differences in the customers’ behaviour concerning the customer contacts and their functions in the whole purchase process, as well as between the identified customer segments. Customer segmentation based upon demographic or psychographic variables would not have been able to enrich knowledge of the customers in this manner.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbott, A. (1995): Sequence Analysis: New methods for old ideas, in: Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 93–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alba, J.; Lynch, J.; Weitz, B.; Janiszewski, C.; Lutz, R.; Sawyer, A.; Woods, S. (1997): Interactive Home Shopping: Consumer, Retailer, and Manufacturer Incentives to Participate in Electronic Marketplaces, in: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 38–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J.R. (1995): Cognitive psychology and its implications, New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramian, S.; Raghunathan, R.; Mahajan, V. (2005): Consumers in a multichannel environment: Product utility, process utility, and channel choice, in: Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 12–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belk, R.W. (1974): Application and analysis of the behaviour: differential inventory for assessing situational effects in consumer behaviour, in: Ward, S.; Wright, P. (eds.): Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 1, Urbana: Association of Consumer Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatnagar, A.; Ghose, S. (2004): Online information search termination patterns across product categories and consumer demographics, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 221–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, P.H.; Ridgway, N.M.; Davidson, S.A. (1994): The Shopping Mall as Consumer Habitat, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 70, No. 11, pp. 23–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bove, L.L.; Roberston, N.L. (2005): Exploring the role of relationship variables in predicting customer voice to a service worker, in: Journal of Retailing and Customer Services, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 83–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daft, R.L.; Lengel, R.H. (1984): Information richness: a new approach to managerial behaviour and organizational design, in: Cummings, L.L.; Staw, B.M. (eds.): Research in organizational behaviour 6, Homewood, IL: JAI Press, pp. 191–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, E.; Stafford, M.R. (1997): Age-related cues in retail services advertising: their effects on younger consumers, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 211–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dholakia, R.R.; Zhao, M.; Dholakia, N. (2005): Multichannel Retailing: A Case Study of Early Experiences, in: Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 63–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson, K.A.: Simon, H.A. (1980): Verbal reports as data, in: Psychological Review, Vol. 87, pp. 215–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M.; Ajzen, I. (1975): Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, E.J.; Montgomery, A.L.; Lodish, L.M. (2004): Consumer Shopping and Spending across Retail Formats, in: The Journal of Business, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 25–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frambach R.T.; Roest, H.C.A.; Krishnan, T.V. (2007): The Impact of Consumer Internet Experience on Channel Preference and Usage Intentions across the different stages of the buying process, in: Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 26–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesh, J.; Reynolds, K.E.; Luckett, M.G. (2007): Retail patronage behaviour and shopper typologies: a replication and extension using a multi-format, multi-method approach, in: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 369–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geyskens, I.; Gielens, K.; Dekimpe, M.G. (2002): The Market Valuation of Internet Channel Auditions, in: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 102–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gijsbrechts, E.; Campo, K.; Goossens, T. (2003): The impact of store flyers on store traffic and store sales: a geo-marketing approach, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goff, B.G.; Bole, J. S.; Bellenger, D.N.; Stojack, C. (1997): The influence of salesperson selling behaviour on customer satisfaction with products, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 171–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gusfield, D. (1997): Algorithms on Strings, Trees and Sequences: Computer Science and Computational Biology, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hägerstrand, T. (1970): What about people in regional science?, in: Papers of the Regional Science Association, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 7–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hay, B.; Wets, G.; Vanhoof, K. (2004): Mining navigation patterns using a sequence alignment method, in: Knowledge and Information Systems, Vol. 6, London, pp. 150–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosmer, D.W.; Lemeshow, S. (2000): Applied Logistic Regression, 2nd ed., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, J.L. (2009): Semiparametric and nonparametric methods in econometrics, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joh, C.H.; Arentze, T.A.; Hofman, F.; Timmermans, H.J.P. (2002): Activity pattern similarity: A multidimensional sequence alignment method, in: Transportation Research B, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 385–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, B.-D.; Park, K. (1997): Studying Patterns of Consumer’s Grocery Shopping Trip, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 501–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klecka, W.R. (1980): Discriminant Analysis, in: Series: Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, J.; Rousseeuw, P.J. (1987): Clustering by means of medoids, in: Dodge, Y. (ed.) Statistical Data Analysis based on the L1 Norm, Amsterdam, pp. 405–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, V.; Venkatesan, R. (2005): Who are the multichannel shoppers and how do they perform?: Correlates of multichannel shopping behaviour, in: Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 44–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, J.S.; Bradlow, E.T.; Fader, P.S. (2005): An exploratory look at supermarket shopping paths, in: International Journal of research in Marketing, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 395–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenshtein, V.I. (1966): Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals, in: Soviet Physics Doklady, Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 707–710.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, M.; Clarke, I.; and Blakemore, M. (2002): ‘One brand three ways to shop’: situational variables and multichannel consumer behaviour, in: International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 131–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, J.W.; Bettman, J.R.; Johnson, E.J. (1993): The Adaptive Decision Maker, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne, A.; Frow, P. (2004): The role of multichannel Integration in customer relationship management, in: Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 33, pp. 527–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, A.; Frow, P. (2005): A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management, in: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 167–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raghubir, P. (2004): Free gift with purchase: Promoting or discounting the brand?, in: Journal of Consumer Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 1 & 2, pp. 181–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rangaswamy, A.; van Bruggen, G.H. (2005): Opportunities and challenges in multichannel marketing: an introduction to the special issue, in: Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 5–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinartz, W.; Krafft, M.; Hoyer, W.D. (2004): The Customer Relationship Management Process: Its Measurement and Impact on Performance, in: Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 293–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, R.E. (1992): Task analyzability, use of new media, and effectiveness: A multi-site exploration of media richness, in: Organization Science, Vol. 3, pp. 475–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz, J.-P.; Chebat, J.-C.; Hansen, P. (2004): Another trip to the mall: a segmentation study of customers based on their activities, in: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 11, pp. 333–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sankoff, D.; Kruskal, J.B. (1983): Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison, Reading: Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenbachler, D.D.; Gordon, G.L. (2002): Multi-channel shopping: understanding what drives channel choice, in: Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 42–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, L.P.A.; Bouwman, H. (2004): Designing a channel mix, in: International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 229–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, P.K.; Uniyal, D.P. (2005): Using observational research for behavioural segmentation of shoppers, in: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 12, pp. 35–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silberer, G.; Mau, G. (2006): Customer Contacts and Contact Segments in Retail: Results of a Customer Survey, From Small Firms to Multinationals, in: Salavrakos, I.-D. (ed.): Industrial, Entrepreneurial, Managerial, Financial, Fiscal, Transaction Cost and Consumer Perspectives in the Era of Globalisation, Athens, pp. 497–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silberer, G.; Steinmann, S.; Mau, G. (2007): Clustering Customer Contact Sequences in Retailing, in: Zentes, J.; Morschett, D.; Schramm-Klein, H. (eds.): Conference Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Research in the Distributive Trades 2007, pp. 1531–1554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinfield, C.; Bouwman, H.; Adelaar, T. (2002): The Dynamics of Click-and-Mortar Electronic Commerce: Opportunities and Management Strategies, in: International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 93–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinmann, S.; Silberer, G. (2009): Classifying Customers with Multidimensional Customer Contact Sequences, in: McGill, A.; Shavitt, S. (eds.): Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 36, Association for Consumer Research, Duluth, pp. 515–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J.S.; Sullivan, U.Y. (2005): Managing Marketing Communications with Multichannel Customers, in: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 239–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Dolen, W.; Lemmink, J.; de Ruyter, K.; de Jong, A. (2002): Customer-sales employee encounters: a dyadic perspective, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 265–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesan, R.; Kumar, V.; Ravishankar, N. (2007): Multichannel Shopping: Causes and Consequences, in: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 114–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verhoef, P.C.; Neslin, S.C.; Vroomen, B. (2007): Multichannel Customer Management: Understanding the research-shopper phenomenon, in: International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 24, pp. 129–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, D.W.; Giese, J.L.; Johnson, J.L.; (2004): Customer retailer loyalty in the context of multiple channel strategies, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 249–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, M.R. (2001): Will Online Shopping Compete More with Traditional Retailing or Online Shopping?, in: Netnomics: Electronic Research and Electronic Networking, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 103–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Peter Schnedlitz Dirk Morschett Thomas Rudolph Hanna Schramm-Klein Bernhard Swoboda

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Gabler Verlag | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Steinmann, S., Silberer, G. (2010). Clustering Customer Contact Sequences - Results of a Customer Survey in Retailing. In: Schnedlitz, P., Morschett, D., Rudolph, T., Schramm-Klein, H., Swoboda, B. (eds) European Retail Research. European Retail Research. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8938-3_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics