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Zusammenfassung

Zur Entstehung der Mitte des Jahres 2007 beginnenden Subprime-Krise am amerikanischen Markt für verbriefte zweitrangige Hypothekenforderungen, die sich zur jüngsten internationalen Finanzkrise ausweitete, haben mehrere Akteure und Umfeldbedingungen beigetragen. Zu den Akteuren zählen insbesondere die Mortgage Broker und Banken, die in wachsendem Umfang Hypothekendarlehen an bonitätsschwache Schuldner vergaben. Da sie die Kreditrisiken aus dem Subprime-Geschäft nicht selbst trugen, sondern die Darlehen bzw. die mit den Darlehen verbundenen Ausfallrisiken über die verschiedenen Instrumente des Kreditrisikotransfers kurz nach der Vergabe an die Märkte für strukturierte Anleihen weiterreichten, verzichteten sie auf eine sorgfältige Auswahl (Screening) und Überwachung (Monitoring) der Kreditnehmer. Dieses Anreizproblem führte dazu, dass sich die Qualität der im Subprime-Segment des amerikanischen Hypothekenmarktes vergebenen Kredite insbesondere in den Jahren 2004 bis 2006 stetig verschlechterte. Der Transfer von Kreditrisiken bringt auf Seiten der Kreditgeber aber noch ein weiteres Anreizproblem mit sich, nämlich das der Absprache bzw. der Kollusion.

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Scholz, J. (2011). Vertragstheoretische Analyse der Gestaltung von Kreditverkäufen bei Kollusionsproblemen. In: Identifikation und Lösung von Interessenkonflikten bei Verbriefungstransaktionen. Gabler. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6189-1_2

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