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Zusammenfassung

Wir haben in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln erfahren, welche wichtige Rolle unser Immunsystem für die Erkennung und Abwehr von Fremdstoffen und Infektionserregern spielt und welche Mechanismen zur Unterscheidung von Fremd und Selbst zur Verfügung stehen. Bei einigen Menschen geht das Immunsystem aber gegen körpereigene, gesunde Zellen und Gewebe vor, als ob es Eindringlinge wären. Freund kann nicht mehr von Feind unterschieden werden. Es bilden sich gegen das Selbst gerichtete Antikörper (Autoantikörper) und T-Zellen (autoreaktive T-Zellen). Diese Attacke des Immunsystems gegen körpereigene Antigene (Autoantigene) bezeichnet man als Autoimmunität. Sie kann zu schwerwiegenden Krankheiten führen, den Autoimmunerkrankungen. Diese Erkrankungen können ein Organ oder Organteile betreffen, sie können aber auch gegen viele verschiedene Gewebe des Körpers gerichtet sein. Die verheerenden Folgen der „lSelbstzerstörung“ wurden einst von Paul Ehrlich als „horror autotoxicus“ beschrieben.

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Rink, L., Kruse, A., Haase, H. (2012). Autoimmunität. In: Immunologie für Einsteiger. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2440-2_9

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