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Kawasaki-Syndrom

  • Chapter
Gefäßerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

Das Kawasaki-Syndrom — auch als mukokutanes Lymphknotensyndrom bezeichnet — ist eine akut verlaufende Vaskulitis, die vornehmlich Säuglinge und Kleinkinder betrifft, sich bevorzugt an den kleineren und mittleren Arterien abspielt und deren Ursache bis heute nicht vollständig geklärt ist. Die Erkrankung wurde erstmals 1967 in Japan beschrieben [21], inzwischen aber auch bei Kindern aller Rassen in Amerika, Asien und Europa beobachtet [20, 22]. Das Kawasaki-Syndrom ist gekennzeichnet durch typische Hauptsymptome (Tabelle 1), zu denen v. a. hohes Fieber mit stark erhöhten Entzündungsparametern ohne Ansprechen auf antibiotische Behandlung, eine nicht exsudative Konjunktivitis, Hauterscheinungen in Form eines stammbetonten Exanthems, Erythems der Lippen und Mundschleimhaut sowie der Hand- und Fußflächen mit Schuppung an den Finger- und Zehenspitzen im Verlauf und vergrößerte Lymphknoten zählen. Die klinisch größte Bedeutung des Kawasaki-Syndroms hat die Koronarbeteiligung, die sich bei unbehandelten Kindern in bis zu 25% der Betroffenen entwickelt [10, 20]. Sie kann zur Ausbildung von Aneurysmen, Stenosierungen und zum Verschluss mit nachfolgendem Myokardinfarkt im jungen Kindesalter führen und bedingt damit auch die Hauptmorbidität in der mittel- und längerfristigen Verlaufsgeschichte der akuten Erkrankung. Alle Behandlungsbemühungen richten sich deswegen bevorzugt auf die Vermeidung von Koronararterienveränderungen bzw. deren günstige Beeinflussung, wenn sie bereits bei der Diagnosestellung vorhanden sind.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinderkardiologie und Pneumologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf

    Prof. Dr. med. Klaus G. Schmidt

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  1. Prof. Dr. med. Klaus G. Schmidt
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  1. Klosterstraße 12 (Kleiner Markt), 46145, Oberhausen

    Siamak Pourhassan

  2. Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, St. Bernhard-Hospital Kamp-Lintfort, Bürgermeister-Schmelzing-Straße 90, 47475, Kamp-Lintfort

    Wilhelm Sandmann

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Schmidt, K.G. (2010). Kawasaki-Syndrom. In: Pourhassan, S., Sandmann, W. (eds) Gefäßerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1760-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1760-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7985-1759-2

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