Abstract
Esophageal varices, ulcers due to reflux esophagitis, and Mallory Weiss lesions are the most common causes of esophageal hemorrhage. Less common causes include esophageal tumors (both benign and malignant) and iatrogenic lesions following endoscopic or surgical procedures. In all these cases, endoscopic management is the treatment of choice. To improve clinical outcome, a combination of various specialized endoscopic techniques may be required.
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Gallinger, Y.I., Rehner, M., Steichen, F.M., Soehendra, N. (2009). Endoscopic Technique in the Treatment of Esophageal Diseases. In: Izbicki, J.R., et al. Surgery of the Esophagus. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1743-1_30
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