Abstract
In Scandinavia, paper industry has been in the pioneering role in the development of process automation that started already in the 1950s with centralised control rooms and standardised signal systems. Computerised process automation dates from the early 1960s with paper machine and digester control systems, when business computers of that time were the first computer control systems (Leiviskä 1999a).
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Leiviskä, K. (2001). Soft Computing Applications in Pulp and Paper Industry. In: Leiviskä, K. (eds) Industrial Applications of Soft Computing. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 71. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1822-2_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1822-2_3
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