Skip to main content

Efficient Low-resolution Character Recognition Using Sub-machine-code Genetic Programming

  • Conference paper
Soft Computing Applications

Part of the book series: Advances in Soft Computing ((AINSC,volume 18))

Abstract

The paper describes an approach to low-resolution character recognition for real-time applications based on a set of binary classifiers designed by means of Sub-machine-code Genetic Programming (SmcGP). SmcGP is a type of GP that interprets long integers as bit strings to achieve SIMD processing on traditional sequential computers. The method was tested on an extensive set of very low-resolution binary patterns (of size 13 × 8 pixels) that represent digits from 0 to 9. Ten binary classifiers were designed, each corresponding to a pattern class. In case of no response by any of the classifiers, a reference LVQ classifier was used. The paper compares the resulting classifier with a reference classifier, showing an almost 10-fold improvement in speed, at the price of a slightly lower accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J.Koza. Genetic Programming- On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1992.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. W.Banzhaf, F.Francone, J.Keller, and P.Nordin. Genetic Programming: An Introduction. Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  3. R.Poli and W.B Langdon. Sub-machine-code Genetic Programming In L.Spector, U.M.O’Reilly W.B.Langdon, and P.J.Angeline, editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 3, chapter 13, pages 301–323. MIT Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R.Poli. Sub-machine-code GP:New results and extensions. In W.B.Langdon R.Poli, P.Nordin and T.Fogarty, editors, Proceedings of the Second European Workshop on Genetic Programming - EuroGP’99, number 1598 in Lecture Notes on Computer Science, pages 65–82. Springer Verlag, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  5. G.Adorni, F.Bergenti, S.Cagnoni, and M.Mordonini. License-plate recognition for restricted-access area control systems. In G.L.Foresti, P.Mähönen, and C.S.Regazzoni, editors, Multimedia Video-Based Surveillance Systems: Requirements, Issues and Solutions. Kluwer, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  6. G.Adorni, S.Cagnoni, M.Gori, and M.Mordonini. Access control system with neuro-fuzzy supervision. In Proc. of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC2001), pages 472–477, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  7. T.Kohonen. Self-organization and associative memory ( 2nd ed. ). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. S.Cagnoni and G.Valli. OSLVQ: a training strategy for optimum-size Learning Vector Quantization classifiers. In Proc. of the 1st IEEE World Conference on Computational Intelligence: ICNN94, pages 762–765, June 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J.A.G. Nijhuis, M.H. ter Brugge, K.A. Helmolt, J.P.W. Pluim, L.Spaanenburg, R.S. Venema, and M.A. Westenberg. Car license plate recognition wiht neural networks and fuzzy logic. In Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. on Neural Networks, volume 5, pages 2232–2236, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  10. N.Parker, J.Weeks, and R.Wilson, editors. Registration plates of the world. Europlate, 3rd edition, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J.K. Kishore, L.M. Patnaik, V.Mani, and V.K. Agrawal. Application of genetic programming for multicategory pattern classification. IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, 4 (3): 242–258, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. D.Zongker and B.Punch. lil-gp 1.01 user’s manual. Michigan State University, 1996, available via anonymous ftp from ftp://garage.cse.msu.edu/pub/GA/lilgp.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J.P. Egan. Signal Detection Theory and R.O.C. Analysis. Academic Press, New York, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  14. G.Adorni, F.Bergenti, and S.Cagnoni. A cellular-programming approach to pattern classification. In W.Banzhaf, R.Poli, M.Schoenauer, and T.C. Fogarty, editors, Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Genetic Programming(EuroGP98), number 1391 in Lecture Notes on Computer Science, pages 142–150, Springer-Verlag, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Adorni, G., Cagnoni, S., Gori, M., Mordonini, M. (2003). Efficient Low-resolution Character Recognition Using Sub-machine-code Genetic Programming. In: Bonarini, A., Masulli, F., Pasi, G. (eds) Soft Computing Applications. Advances in Soft Computing, vol 18. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1768-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1768-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Physica, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-1544-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7908-1768-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics