Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical studies with anastrozole

  • Chapter
Aromatase Inhibitors

Part of the book series: Milestones in Drug Therapy ((MDT))

  • 403 Accesses

Abstract

Oestrogens play a dominant role in controlling the growth of many breast cancers [1, 2]. The ovaries are the primary source of oestrogen in premenopausal women but ovarian oestrogen production diminishes with age. In postmenopausal women, oestrogens are synthesised by the aromatisation of androgen precursors in the skin, muscle, adipose and breast tissue, including malignant breast tumours [3]. Oestrogen action is inhibited by blocking the oestrogen receptor (ER) with antioestrogens such as tamoxifen, by ovarian ablation using surgery, radiotherapy or luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogs such as goserelin, or, in postmenopausal women, by blocking oestrogen production by inhibiting aromatase activity [4].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Chen S (1998) Aromatase and breast cancer. Front Biosci 3: d922–d933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wakeling AE (1990) Mechanisms of growth regulation of human breast cancer. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 4: 51–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Simpson ER, Dowsett M (2002) Aromatase and its inhibitors: significance for breast cancer therapy. Recent Prog Horm Res 57: 317–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Howell A, Dowsett M (1997) Recent advances in endocrine therapy of breast cancer. BMJ 315: 863–866

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gruber CJ, Tschugguel W, Schneeberger C, Huber JC (2002) Production and actions of estrogens. N Engl J Med 346: 340–352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Santen RJ, Santner S, Davis B,Veldhuis J, Samojlik E, Ruby E (1978) Aminoglutethimide inhibits extraglandular estrogen production in postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 47: 1257–1265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Coombes RC (1998) Aromatase inhibitors and their use in the adjuvant setting. Recent Results Cancer Res 152: 277–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gale KE, Andersen JW, Tormey DC, Mansour EG, Davis TE, Horton J, Wolter JM, Smith TJ, Cummings FJ (1994) Hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase III trial comparing aminoglutethimide to tamoxifen. Cancer 73: 354–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lipton A, Santen RJ (1974) Proceedings: Medical adrenalectomy using aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone in advanced breast cancer. Cancer 33: 503–512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Goss PE, Powles TJ, Dowsett M, Hutchison G, Brodie AM, Gazet JC, Coombes RC (1986) Treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer with an aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione: phase II report. Cancer Res 46: 4823–4826

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wiseman LR, McTavish D (1993) Formestane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the management of breast cancer and prostatic cancer. Drugs 45: 66–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Perez-Carrion R, Alberola Candel V, Calabresi F (1996) Comparison of the selective aromatase inhibitor formestane with tamoxifen as first-line hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 5Suppl 7: S19–S24

    Google Scholar 

  13. Smith IE, Dowsett M (2003) Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 348: 2431–2442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dukes M, Edwards PN, Large M, Smith IK, Boyle T (1996) The preclinical pharmacology of “Arimidex” (anastrozole; ZD1033)-a potent, selective aromatase inhibitor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 58: 439–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Plourde PV, Dyroff M, Dukes M (1994) Arimidex: a potent and selective fourth-generation aromatase inhibitor. Breast Cancer Res Treat 30: 103–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Grimm SW, Dyroff MC (1997) Inhibition of human drug metabolizing cytochromes p450 by anastrozole, a potent and selective inhibitor of aromatase. Drug Metab Dispos 25: 598–602

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hozumi Y, Hakamata Y, Sasanuma H, Ogura S, Nagai H (2002) Effects of anastrozole on lipid metabolism compared with tamoxifen in rats. Breast Cancer Res Treat 76: 131–136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yue W, Zhou D, Chen S, Brodie A (1994) A new nude mouse model for postmenopausal breast cancer using MCF-7 cells transfected with the human aromatase gene. Cancer Res 54: 5092–5095

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lu Q, Liu Y, Long BJ, Grigoryev D, Gimbel M, Brodie A (1999) The effect of combining aromatase inhibitors with antiestrogens on tumor growth in a nude mouse model for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 57: 183–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dukes M (1997) The relevance of preclinical models to the treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer. Oncology 54(Suppl 2): 6–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Plourde PV, Dyroff M, Dowsett M (1995) Arimidex: a new oral, once-a-day aromatase inhibitor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 53: 175–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yates RA, Dowsett M, Fisher GV, Selen A, Wyld PJ (1996) Arimidex (ZD1033): a selective, potent inhibitor of aromatase in postmenopausal female volunteers. Br J Cancer 73: 543–548

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Vorobiof DA, Kleeberg UR, Perez-Carrion R, Dodwell DJ, Robertson JF, Calvo L, Dowsett M, Clack G (1999) A randomized, open, parallel-group trial to compare the endocrine effects of oral anastrozole (Arimidex) with intramuscular formestane in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 10: 1219–1225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dowsett M, Donaldson K, Tsuboi M, Wong J, Yates R (2000) Effects of the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole on serum oestrogens in Japanese and Caucasian women. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 46: 35–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Geisler J, King N, Dowsett M, Ottestad L, Lundgren S, Walton P, Kormeset PO, Lønning PE (1996) Influence of anastrozole (Arimidex), a selective, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, on in vivo aromatisation and plasma oestrogen levels in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 74: 1286–1291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Geisler J, Haynes B, Anker G, Dowsett M, Lønning PE (2002) Influence of letrozole and anastrozole on total body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients evaluated in a randomized, cross-over study. J Clin Oncol 20: 751–757

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sainsbury R (2004) Aromatase inhibition in the treatment of advanced breast cancer: is there a relationship between potency and clinical efficacy? Br J Cancer 90: 1733–1739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rose C, Vtoraya O, Pluzanska A, Davidson N, Gershanovich M, Thomas R, Johnson S, Caicedo JJ, Gervasio H, Manikhas G et al. (2003) An open randomised trial of second-line endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer. Comparison of the aromatase inhibitors letrozole and anastrozole. Eur J Cancer 39: 2318–2327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fishman J, Nisselbaum JS, Menendez-Botet CJ, Schwartz MK (1977) Estrone and estradiol content in human breast tumors: relationship to estradiol receptors. J Steroid Biochem 8: 893–896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G, Blacker C, Feinstein MC, Delalonde L, Talbi M, Maloche C (1996) Concentrations of estrone, estradiol, and estrone sulfate and evaluation of sulfatase and aromatase activities in pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 1460–1464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vermeulen A, Deslypere JP, Paridaens R, Leclercq G, Roy F, Heuson JC (1986) Aromatase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and intratissular sex hormone concentrations in cancerous and normal glandular breast tissue in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 22: 515–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. van Landeghem AA, Poortman J, Nabuurs M, Thijssen JH (1985) Endogenous concentration and subcellular distribution of androgens in normal and malignant human breast tissue. Cancer Res 45: 2907–2912

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Geisler J (2003) Breast cancer tissue estrogens and their manipulation with aromatase inhibitors and inactivators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 86: 245–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Geisler J, Detre S, Berntsen H, Ottestad L, Lindtjorn B, Dowsett M, Einstein LP (2001) Influence of neoadjuvant anastrozole (Arimidex) on intratumoral estrogen levels and proliferation markers in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 7: 1230–1236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dowsett M, Yates R, Wong Y and on behalf of the Arimidex Study Group (1998) ‘Arimidex’ (anastrozole): lack of interactions with tamoxifen, antipyrine, cimetidine and warfarin. Eur J Cancer 34: S39–S40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yates RA, Wong J, Seiberling M, Merz M, Marz W, Nauck M (2001) The effect of anastrozole on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant activity of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 51: 429–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dowsett M, Tobias JS, Howell A, Blackman GM, Welch H, King N, Ponzone R, von Euler M, Baum M (1999) The effect of anastrozole on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 79: 311–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Dowsett M, Cuzick J, Howell A, Jackson I (2001) Pharmacokinetics of anastrozole and tamoxifen alone, and in combination, during adjuvant endocrine therapy for early breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a sub-protocol of the ‘Arimidex’, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination’ (ATAC) trial. Br J Cancer 85: 317–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Buzdar AU, Jones SE, Vogel CL, Wolter J, Plourde P, Webster A (1997) A phase III trial comparing anastrozole (1 and 10 milligrams), a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma. Arimidex Study Group. Cancer 79: 730–739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Jonat W, Howell A, Blomqvist C, Eiermann W, Winblad G, Tyrrell C, Mauriac L, Roche H, Lundgren S, Hellmund R et al. (1996) A randomised trial comparing two doses of the new selective aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (Arimidex) with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 32A: 404–412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Buzdar A, Jonat W, Howell A, Jones SE, Blomqvist C, Vogel CL, Eiermann W, Wolter JM, Azab M, Webster A et al. (1996) Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analysis of two phase III trials. Arimidex Study Group. J Clin Oncol 14: 2000–2011

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Buzdar AU, Jonat W, Howell A, Jones SE, Blomqvist CP, Vogel CL, Eiermann W, Wolter JM, Steinberg M, Webster A et al. (1998) Anastrozole versus megestrol acetate in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma: results of a survival update based on a combined analysis of data from two mature phase III trials. Arimidex Study Group. Cancer 83: 1142–1152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Howell A, Robertson JF, Vergote I (2003) A review of the efficacy of anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer with visceral metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82: 215–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Nabholtz JM, Buzdar A, Pollak M, Harwin W, Burton G, Mangalik A, Steinberg M, Webster A, von Euler M (2000) Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results of a North American multicenter randomized trial. Arimidex Study Group. J Clin Oncol 18: 3758–3767

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Bonneterre J, Thürlimann B, Robertson JF, Krzakowski M, Mauriac L, Koralewski P, Vergote I, Webster A, Steinberg M, von Euler M (2000) Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the Tamoxifen or Arimidex Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability study. J Clin Oncol 18: 3748–3757

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Bonneterre J, Buzdar A, Nabholtz JM, Robertson JF, Thürlimann B, von Euler M, Sahmoud T, Webster A, Steinberg M, Arimidex Writing Committee et al. (2001) Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy in hormone receptor positive advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 92: 2247–2258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Nabholtz JM, Bonneterre J, Buzdar A, Robertson JFR, Thürlimann B, for the Arimidex Writing Committee on behalf of the Investigators (2003) Anastrozole (Arimidex™) versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: survival analysis and updated safety results. Eur J Cancer 39: 1684–1689

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Milla-Santos A, Milla L, Portella J, Rallo L, Pons M, Rodes E, Casanovas J, Puig-Gali M (2003) Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal patients with hormone-dependent advanced breast cancer: a prospective, randomized, phase III study. Am J Clin Oncol 26: 317–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Thürlimann B, Robertson JF, Nabholtz JM, Buzdar A, Bonneterre J, Arimidex Study Group (2003) Efficacy of tamoxifen following anastrozole (‘Arimidex’) compared with anastrozole following tamoxifen as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer 39: 2310–2317

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Thürlimann B, Hess D, Köberle D, Senn I, Ballabeni P, Pagani O, Perey L, Aebi S, Rochiltz C, Goldhirsch A et al. (2004) Anastrozole (‘Arimidex’) versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of the double-blind cross-over SAKK trial 21/95 — a sub-study of the TARGET (Tamoxifen or ‘Arimidex’ Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability) trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 85: 247–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. ATAC_Trialists’ Group (2002) Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet 359: 2131–2139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. ATAC Trialists’ Group (2003) Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial efficacy and safety update analyses. Cancer 98: 1802–1810

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. ATAC Trialists’ Group (2005) Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years’ adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet 365: 60–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Buzdar AU (2006) Anastrozole for breast cancer: recent advances and ongoing challenges. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 6: 839–848

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. The ATAC Trialists’ Group (2006) Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol 7: 633–643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Jakesz R, Jonat W, Gnant M, Mittlboeck M, Greil R, Tausch C, Hilfrich J, Kwasny W, Menzel C, Samonigg H et al. (2005) Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anastrozole after 2 years’ adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial. Lancet 366: 455–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kaufmann M, Jonat W, Hilfrich J, Eidtmann H, Gademann G, Zuna I, von Minckwitz G (2007) Improved overall survival in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer after anastrozole initiated after 2 years of treatment with tamoxifen compared with continued tamoxifen: the ARNO 95 study. J Clin Oncol 1: 2664–2670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Guglielmini P, Fini A, Paladini G, Mesiti M, Rinaldini M, Scali S, Porpiglia M, Benedetto C et al. (2006) Switching to anastrozole versus continued tamoxifen treatment of early breast cancer. Updated results of the Italian tamoxifen anastrozole (ITA) trial. Ann Oncol 17Suppl 7: vii10–vii14

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Jonat W, Gnant M, Boccardo F, Kaufmann M, Rubagotti A, Zuna I, Greenwood M, Jakesz R (2006) Effectiveness of switching from adjuvant tamoxifen to anastrozole in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early-stage breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 7: 991–996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Dixon JM, Renshaw L, Bellamy C, Stuart M, Hoctin-Boes G, Miller WR (2000) The effects of neoadjuvant anastrozole (Arimidex) on tumor volume in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Clin Cancer Res 6: 2229–2235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Milla-Santos A, Milla L, Calvo N, Portella J, Rallo L, Casanovas J, Pons M (2003) Anastrozole is an effective neoadjuvant therapy for patients with hormone-dependent, locally-advanced breast cancer irrespective of cerbB2. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 22: 39

    Google Scholar 

  62. Anderson TJ, Dixon JM, Stuart M, Sahmoud T, Miller WR (2002) Effect of neoadjuvant treatment with anastrozole on tumour histology in postmenopausal women with large operable breast cancer. Br J Cancer 87: 334–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Semiglazov VF, Semiglazov VV, Ivanov VG, Ziltsova EK, Dashyan GA, Kletzel A, Bozhok AA, Nurgaziev KS, Tzyrlina EV, Berstein LM (2003) Anastrozole (A) vs tamoxifen (T) vs combine (A + T) as neoadjuvant endocrine therapy of postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 22: 880

    Google Scholar 

  64. Milla-Santos A, Milla L, Calvo N, Portella J, Rallo L, Casanovas JM, Pons M, Rodes J (2004) Anastrozole as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with hormone-dependent, locally-advanced breast cancer. Anticancer Res 24: 1315–1318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Smith IE, Dowsett M, Ebbs SR, Dixon JM, Skene A, Blohmer JU, Ashley SE, Francis S, Boeddinghaus I, Walsh G et al. (2005) Neoadjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer with anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both in combination: the Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined with Tamoxifen (IMPACT) multicenter double-blind randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 23: 5108–5816

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Cataliotti L, Buzdar AU, Noguchi S, Bines J, Takatsuka Y, Petrakova K, Dube P, de Oliveira CT (2006) Comparison of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: the Pre-Operative “Arimidex” Compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) trial. Cancer 106: 2095–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Smith I, Cataliotti L (2004) Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as neoadjuvant therapy for oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women: the IMPACT and PROACT trials. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2: 69

    Google Scholar 

  68. Cuzick J, Forbes JF, Sestak I, Cawthorn S, Hamed H, Holli K, Howell A, International Breast Cancer Intervention Study I Investigators (2007) Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer — 96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 99: 272–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, Redmond CK, Kavanah M, Cronin WM, Vogel V, Robidoux A, Dimitrov N, Atkins J et al. (1998) Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 90: 1371–1388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Cuzick J, Powles T, Veronesi U, Forbes J, Edwards R, Ashley S, Boyle P (2003) Overview of the main outcomes in breast-cancer prevention trials. Lancet 361: 296–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Cuzick J (2003) Aromatase inhibitors in prevention — data from the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) trial and the design of IBIS-II (the second International Breast Cancer Intervention Study). Recent Results Cancer Res 163: 96–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (1998) Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 351: 1451–1467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Sawada S, Sato K (2003) Effect of anastrozole and tamoxifen on serum lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82Suppl 1: S31–S32

    Google Scholar 

  74. Wojtacki J, Lesniewski-Kmak K, Piotrowska M, Rolka-Stempniewicz G, Kubik M, Wroblewska M (2004) Effect of anastrozole on serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I and B in patients with early breast cancer: additional data on lack of atherogenic properties. Breast Cancer Res Treat 88: S238

    Google Scholar 

  75. Wojtacki J, Lesniewski-Kmak K, Pawlak W, Nowicka E (2004) Anastrozole therapy and lipid profile: an update. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2: 142

    Google Scholar 

  76. Wojtacki J, Lesniewski-Kmak K, Kruszewski WJ (2002) Anastrozole therapy does not compromise lipid metabolism in breast cancer patients previously treated with tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res Treat 76Suppl 1: S75

    Google Scholar 

  77. Hulley S, Furberg C, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley J, Grady D, Haskell W, Knopp R, Lowery M, Satterfield S, Schrott H et al. (2002) Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA 288: 58–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Ismail AA, Pye SR, Cockerill WC, Lunt M, Silman AJ, Reeve J, Banzer D, Benevolenskaya LI, Bhalla A, Bruges AJ et al. (2002) Incidence of limb fracture across Europe: results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 13: 565–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. van Staa TP, Dennison EM, Leufkens HG, Cooper C (2001) Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Bone 29: 517–522

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Investigators (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen and progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc 288: 321–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Winer EP, Hudis C, Burstein HJ, Wolff AC, Pritchard KI, Ingle JN, Chlebowski RT, Gelber R, Edge SB, Gralow J et al. (2005) American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on the use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: status report 2004. J Clin Oncol 23: 619–629

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Van Poznak C, Hannon RA, Clack G, Campone M, Mackey JR, Apffelstaedt J, Eastell R, on behalf of the SABRE investigators (2006) The SABRE study: effects of risedronate on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women using anastrozole as adjuvant therapy for hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer — first results. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment vol 100(Suppl 1), abs 4061

    Google Scholar 

  83. Jonat W, Hilpert F, Kaufmann M (2007) Aromatase inhibitors: a safety comparison. Expert Opin Drug Saf 6: 165–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Saphner T, Tormey DC, Gray R (1996) Annual hazard rates of recurrence for breast cancer after primary therapy. J Clin Oncol 14: 2738–2746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CRUK Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK

    Anthony Howell

  2. Department of Cancer and Infection Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK

    Alan Wakeling

Authors
  1. Anthony Howell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alan Wakeling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Global Discovery, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK

    Barrington J. A. Furr

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Birkhäuser Verlag/Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Howell, A., Wakeling, A. (2008). Clinical studies with anastrozole. In: Furr, B.J.A. (eds) Aromatase Inhibitors. Milestones in Drug Therapy. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8693-1_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation