Abstract
High concentrations of sodium are toxic to most plant species. Drought and soil salinity are the major abiotic stresses in plant productivity worldwide. Many glycophytic crop species are negatively affected. Physiological and biochemical research - with an accelerating emphasis on molecular biological studies - has shown that salt tolerance in halophytes depends on a range of adaptations. The multifactorial response embraces many aspects such as gas exchange, water relations (osmotic adaptation), selective transport and uptake of ions, ion compartmentalization (homeostasis), osmolyte production, enzyme activities, ion excretion and genetic control. The ability of plant cells to maintain low cytosolic sodium concentrations is an essential process for the ability of plants to grow in salty habitats and depends on several plant-specific interactions. Unfortunately, there are few investigations that combine studies of growth with the individual partially intracellular plant characteristics. Such joint investigations are the basis for the discovery of traits that present the ability to produce cash crops in saline environments. One possible solution could be rapid advances in the genetic transfer of halophyte salt tolerance traits to crop plants. Another is the breeding of cash crop halophytes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gleick P(1994)Water, war, andpeacein the Middle East.Environment36:7–41
Gleick PH(2000)The world’ swater2000–2001. The Biennial Report on Fresh water Resources,Island Press, Washington,D.C.,309
Wang XW, Vinocur B, Altman A(2003)Plant responses to drought, salinity and extremetemperatures: To wards genetic engineering forstresstolerance.Planta218:1–14
Ericson J, Freudenberger M, Boege E(1999)Population dynamics, migration,and the future of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve.Occasional Paper No.1,Program on Population and Sustainable Development(PSD).American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS), Washington,D.C.,1–40
Moench M(2002)Water and the potential for social instability: Liveli hoods, migrati on and the building of society.Nat Resour Forum26:195–204
Duda A, ElAshry MTE(2000)Addressing the global water and environment crisesthroughintegratedapproachestothemanagementofland,waterandecologicalresources.WaterInt25:115–126
WorldBank(1999)World Development Report.Washington
United Nations Development Program(UNDP)(1999)Human development Report.http://www.undp/hdro/population.htm
Lieth H(1999)Developmentofcropsandotherusefulplantsfromhalophytes.In:H Lieth, M Moschenko, M Lohmann, H-W Koyro, A Hamdy(eds):Halophyteusesindifferentclimates.I:Ecologicalandecophysiologicalstudies.Prog.Biometeorol.Vol.13,BackhuysPubl., Leiden,1–18
Lieth H, Moschenko M, Lohmann M, Koyro HW, Hamdy A (eds)(1999)Halophy teuses in different climates.I.Ecological and ecophysiological studies.Prog.Biometeorol.Vol.13,Backhuys Publ., Leiden
Ghassemi F, Jakeman AJ, Nix HA(1995)Salinisationoflandandwaterresources:Humancauses,extent,managementandcasestudies.USNWPress, Sydney
Szabolcs I(1994)Soils and salin is ation.In:M Pessarakli(ed):Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress.Marcel Dekker, NewYork.,3–11
Apse MP, Blumwald E(2002)Engineering salt tolerance in plants.Curro pin Biotech13:146–150
Sosa L, Llanese A, Reinoso H, Reginato M, Luna V(2005)Osmoti can dspecifici on effects on the germination ofProsopisstrombulifera.Ann Bot96:261–267
Yeo AR(1983)Salinity resistance: Physiologi esandprices.Physiol Plant58:1399–3054
Koyro H-W, Lieth L(1998)Salinity conversion table,2 nd en large de dn.,H Lieth(ed)Osnabrück. ISSN 09336-3114
Breckle S-W(2002)Salinity,halophytesandsaltaffectednaturalecosystems.In:A Läuchli, U Lüttge(eds):Salinity:Environment-Plants-Molecules.Kluwer, Dordrecht,53–77
Läuchli A, Epstein E(1990)Plantresponsestosalineandsodicconditions.In:Tanji KK(ed):Agriculturalsalinityassessmentandmanagement.ASCE manualno.71,NewYork,113–137
Maas EV(1990)Cropsalttolerance.In:Tanji KK(ed):Agricultural salinity assessment and management.ASCE manual no.71,New York,262–304
Flowers TJ(2004)Improving cropsalt tolerance.J Exp Bot55:307–319
Borsani O, Valpuesta V, Botella MA(2003)Developing salt-tolerant plants in a new century: Amole cular biology approach.Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture73:101–115
Glenn E, Brown JJ, Blumwald E(1999)Salt tolerance and croppotential of halophytes.Crit Rev Plant Sci18:277–255
Serrano R, Mulet JM, Rios G, Marquez JA, de Larrinoa IF, Leube MP, Mendizabal I, Pas-cual-Ahuir A, Proft M, Ros R, Montesinos C(1999)Aglimpse of the mechanisms of ionhomeostas is during salt stress.J Exp Bot50:1023–1036
Koyro H-W, Geissler N, Hussin S, Huchzermeyer B(2006)Mechanisms of cash crophalophy test omaint ainyie ldandreclaim so ilsinaridareas.Task Veg Sci40:345–366
Marschner H(1995)Mineral nutrition of high er plants.Academic Press, London,889
Koyro H-W(2003)Study of potential cashcrophalophy tes in aquick check system.Task Veg Sci38:5–17
Epstein E(1980)Responses of plant stosal in eenvironments.In:DW Rains, RC Valentine, A Hollaender (eds):Genetic engineering of osmo regulation.Plenum Press, NewYork,7–21
Kinzel H(1982)Pflanzenöko logie und Mineralst of fwechsel.Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart,534
Cramer RC, Läuchli A, Epstein E(1986)Effects of NaCl and CaCl on ion act ivitiesin complex nutrient so lutions and root growth of cotton.Plant Physiol81:792–797
Maathuis FJM, Amtmann A(1999)K+ nutrition and Na+ toxicity: The basis of cellular K+/Na+ ratios.AnnBot84:123–133
Koyro H-W(2006)Effect of salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relation sand solute composition of the potential cashcrophalophytePlant ago coronopus(L.).Environ Exp Bot56:136–146
Koyro H-W, Huchzermeyer B(2004)Ecophysiological need soft he potential biomasscrop Spart in a townsendiiGROV.Trop Ecol45:123–139
Munns (2002)Comparative physiology of salt and water stress.Plant Cell Environ25:239–250
Flowers TJ, Troke PF, Yeo AR(1977)The mechanisms of salt tolerance in halophytes.Annu Rev Plant Physiol28:89–121
Greenway H, Munns R(1980)Mechanisms of salt tolerance innonhalophytes.Annu Rev Plant Physiol31:149–190
Munns R(2005)Tansleyre view: Genesand salt tolerance: Bringing the m together.New Phytol167:645–669
Mengel K, Kirkby EA(2001)Principles of plant nutrition.Kluwer, Dordrecht,849
Koyro H-W, Wegmann L, Lehmann H, Lieth H (1997) Physiological mechanisms an dmor phological adaptation ofLagunculariaracemosato high salinity.In: H Lieth, A Hamdy, H-W Koyro (eds):Water management,salinity and pollution controlto ward ssustain ableirrigati on in the Mediterraneanregion: Salinityproblem sandhalo phyte use.Tecnomack, Bari,51–78
Koyro H-W, Huchzermeyer B(1999)Influence of high NaCl-salinity on growth, waterando smoticre lations ofthehalophyteBetavulgarisssp.maritima.Development of aquick check.Prog Biometeorol13:87–101
Hong B, Barg R, Ho TH(1992)Developmental and organ specific expression of an ABA-andstress-induced proteininbarley.Plant Mol Biol18:663–674
Hare PD, Cress WA, VanStaden J(1998)Dissectingtherolesofosmolyteaccumulationduringstress.PlantCellEnviron21:535–554
Tester M, Davenport R(2003)Na+toleranceandNa+transportinhigherplants.AnnBot91:503–527
WynJones RG, Gorham J (2002)Intra-andinter-cellularcompartmentationofions.In:A Läuchli, U Lüttge(eds):Salinity:Environment-Plants-Molecules.Kluwer, Dordrecht,159–180
Koyro H-W, Huchzermeyer B(2004)Eco physiological mechanisms leading to salinity tolerance-Screening of cashcrophalo phytes.Recent Res Dev Plant Sci1:187–207
Ohta H(2002)Introduction of a Na+/H+antiportergene from Atriplexgmeliniconfer salt tolerance to rice.FEBS Lett532:279–282
Gordon-Weeks R, Koren‘kov VD, Steele SH, Leigh RA(1997)Tris is a competitive inhibit or of K+activation of the vacuolar H+-pumping pyrophosphatase.Plant Physiol114:901–905
Koyro H.W, Huchzermeyer B(1997)ThephysiologicalresponseofBetavulgarisssp.maritimatoseawaterirrigation.In:H Lieth, A Hamdy and H-W Koyro(eds):Watermanagement,salinityandpollutioncontroltowardssustainableirrigationintheMediterraneanregion.Salinityproblemsandhalophyteuse.Tecnomack, Bari,29–50
Leigh RA(1997)Thesolutecompositionofthevacuoles.AdvBotRes25:253–295
Leigh RA, Sanders D(1997)Theplantvacuole.AdvBotRes25:463
Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Pardo JM(2000)Thedawnofplantsalttolerancegenetics.TrendsPlantSci5:31–319
Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Zhu JK, Bohnert HJ(2000)Plantcellularandmolecularresponsestohighsalinity.AnnuRevPlantPhysiol51:493–499
Zhu JK(2003)Regulationofionhomeostasisundersaltstress.CurrOpinPlantBiol6:441–445
Gaxiola RA, Li J, Undurraga S, Dang V, Allen GJ, Alper SL, Fink GR(2001)ProcNatlAcadSciUSA98:11444–11449
Uozumi, N Kim EJ, Rubio F, Yamaguchi T, Muto S, Tsuboi A, Bakker EP, Nakamura T, Schroeder JI(2000)TheArabidopsisHKT1genehomologmediatesinwardNa+currentsinXenopuslaevisoocytesandNa+uptakeinSaccharomycescerevisiae.PlantPhysiol122:1249–1260
Rubio F, Gassmann W, Schroeder JI(1995)SodiumdrivenpotassiumuptakebytheplantpotassiumtransporterHKT1andmutationsconferringsalttolerance.Science270:1660–1663
Laurie S, Feeney KA, Maathuis FJM, Heard PJ, Brown SJ, Leigh RA(2002)AroleforHKT1insodiumuptakebywheatroots.PlantJ32:139–149
Katiyar-Agarwal S, Verslues P, Zhu J-K(2005)Mechanismsofsalttoleranceinplants.In:CJ Li, FS Zhang, A Dobermann, P Hinsinger, H Lambers, XL Li, P Marschner, L Maene, S McGrath, O Oenemaetal(eds):Plantnutritionforfoodsecurity,humanhealthandenvironmentalprotection.TsinghuaUniversityPress, Bejing,44–45
Mitchell P(1974)Achemiosmoticmolecularmechanismforproton-translocatingadenosinetriphosphatases.FEBSLett78:189–194
Debez A, Saadaoui D, Balasubramian R, Ouerghi Z, Koyro H-W, Huchzermeyer B Abdelly C(2006)LeafATPaseactivityandphotosyntheticcapacityofCakilemaritimainresponsetoincreasingsalinity.EnvironExpBot57:285–295
Süss KH, Arkona, C, Manteuffel R, Adler K(1993)Calvincyclemultienzymecomplexesareboundtochloroplastthylakoidmembranesofhigherplantsinsitu.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA90:5514–5518
Strasser RJ(1988)Aconceptforstressanditsapplicationinremotesensing.In:HK Lich-tenthaler(ed):Applicationsofchlorophyllfluorescence.Kluwer, Dordrecht,333–337
Mehler AH(1951)Studiesonreactionsofilluminatedchloroplasts.ArchBiochemBiophys33:65–77
Garg AK, Kim J-K, Owens TG, Ranwala AP, Choi YD, Kochian LV, Wu RJ(2002)Trehaloseaccumulationinriceplantsconfershightolerancelevelstodifferentabioticstresses.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA99:15898–15903
Waisel Y(1972)Biologyofhalophytes.AcademicPress, NewYork
Kawasaki S, Borchert C, Deyholos M, Wang H, Brazille S, Kawai K, Galbraith D, Bohnert HJ(2001)Geneexpressionprofilesduringtheinitialphaseofsaltstressinrice.PlantCell13:889–905
Salekdeh GH, Siopongco J, Wade LJ, Ghareyazie B, Bennett J(2002)Aproteomicapproachtoanalyzingdrought-andsaltresponsivenessinrice.FieldCropsRes76:199–219
BIOS(2005)BiologicalInnovationforanOpenSociety.Canberra,ACT, Australia:CAM-BIA(CenterfortheApplicationofMolecularBiologytoAgriculture).http://www.bios.net
Rus AM, Estan MT, Gisbert C, Garcia-Sogo B, Serrano R, Caro M, Moreno V, Bolarin MC(2001)ExpressingtheyeastHAL1geneintomatoincreasesfruityieldandenhancesK+/Na+selectivityundersaltstress.PlantCellEnviron24:875–880
Zhang HX, Blumwald E(2001)Transgenicsalt-toleranttomatoplantsaccumulatesaltinfoliagebutnotinfruit.NatBiotechnol19:765–768
Munns R, Husain S, Rivelli AR, James RA, Condon AG, Lindsay MP, Lagudah ES, Schacht-man DP, Hare RA(2002)Avenuesforincreasingsalttoleranceofcrops,andtheroleofphysiologicallybasedselectiontraits.PlantSoil247:93–105
Zhang JZ, Creelman RA, Zhu JK(2004)Fromlaboratorytofield.UsinginformationfromArabidopsistoengineersalt,cold,anddroughttoleranceincrops.PlantPhysiol135:615–621
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 BirkhäuserVerlag/Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Koyro, HW., Geißler, N., Hussin, S., Huchzermeyer, B. (2008). Survival at extreme locations: Life strategies of halophytes - The long way from system ecology, whole plant physiology, cell biochemistry and molecular aspects back to sustainable utilization at field sites. In: Abdelly, C., Öztürk, M., Ashraf, M., Grignon, C. (eds) Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8554-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8554-5_1
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-7643-8553-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-7643-8554-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)