Abstract
The examination of plankton biodiversity through Permian-Triassic period seems to display different patterns of evolution depending of the scale of study (taxonomy stratigraphy or biogeography). In this paper we present the state of the art of the plankton turnover at the Permo-Triassic and we review more precisely the pattern of extinction and recovery of radiolarians during such period, because at that time, plankton was essentially represented by radiolarians. At a global scale the end-Permian to early Triassic period is marked by several strong extinctions in the marine realm, and in the radiolarians they occur progressively as exemplified by two orders of radiolarians: Albaillelaria and Latentifistularia. Nevertheless, this period is marked by a tremendous post-crisis diversification in both at family and generic level, more than extinction; an actualized revision of the diversity at the family level is also offered in our review. At a moderate scale (i.e. genera and in a region) the modifications appear impressive while at specific and regional domain the message is not so clear, one can wonder if some crisis manifestation results from a taxonomic accident or from preservative conditions. In fact, strangely enough more the number of studies is, more the diversity is high, and oppositely less they are, more the provincialism is evoked.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aita, Y. & Bragin, N.Y. 1999: Non-Tethyan Triassic Radiolaria from New Zealand and northeastern Siberia. In: De Wever, P. & Caulet, J.-P. (Eds.): InterRad VIII. Geodiversitas 21, 503–526.
Atudorei, N.C. 1998: Constraints on the Upper Permian to Upper Triassic marine carbon isotope curve: Case studies from the Tethys, PhD Uni. Lausanne, 160 p.
Benton, M.J. 1993: The fossil record 2. 845 p., Chapman & Hall.
Benton, M.J & Twitchett, R.J. 2003: How to kill (almost) all life: the end-Permian extinction event. Trends Ecol. & Evol. 18, 358–365.
Blome, C.D. & Reed, K.M. 1992: Permian and Early (?) Triassic radiolarian faunas from the Grindstone Terrane, central Oregon. J. Paleont. 66, 351–383.
Bottjer, DJ. Schubert, J.K & Droser, M.L. 1996: Comparative evolutionary palaeoecology: Assessing the changing ecology of the past. In: Hart, M. (Ed.): Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 102, 1–13.
Bowring, S.A., Erwin, D.H., Jin, Y.G., Martin, M.W., Davidek, K. & Wang, W. 1998: U/Pb Zircon Geochronology and Tempo of the End-Permian Mass Extinction. Science 280, 1039–1045.
Bragin, N.Y. 1991: Radiolaria and lower Mesozoic units of the U.S.S.R. east regions. Geol. Inst. Trans. 469, 1–126.
Courtillot, V.E. & Renne, P.R. 2003: On the ages of flood basalt events. Comptes Rendus Geosci. 335, 113–140.
De Wever, P. 1982: Radiolaires du Trias et du Lias de la Téthys (Systématique, Stratigraphie). Public. Soc. Géol. Nord 7, 1–599.
De Wever, P. & Baudin, F. 1996: Palaeogeography of radiolarite and organic-rich deposits in Mesozoic Tethys. Geol. Rundschau 85, 310–326.
De Wever, P., Azema, J. & Fourcade, E. 1994: Radiolaires et radiolarites: production primaire, diagenèse et paléogéographie. Bull. Centres rech. et Expl.-Elf Aquitaine 18, 315–379.
De Wever, P., Dumitricâ, P., Caulet, J.-P., Nigrini, C. & Caridroit, M. 2001: Radiolarians in the sedimentary record. 533 p., Gordon & Breach Sci. Publ.
De Wever, P., O’Dogherty, L., Caridroit, M., Dumitricâ, P., Guex, J., Nigrini, C. & Caulet, J.-P. 2003: Diversity of radiolarian families through time. Bull. Soc. Géol. France 174, 453–469.
Erwin, D.H. 1993: The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian. 327 p., Columbia University Press, New York.
Feng, Q. 1992: Permian and Triassic radiolarian biostratigraphy in south and southwest China. Earth Sci., J. China Univ. Geosci. 3, 51–62.
Feng, Q. & Liu, B. 1993: Radiolarian from late Permian and early-middle Triassic in Southwest Yunnan. Earth Sci., J. China Univ. Geosci. 18, 552–563.
Feng, Q., Yang, F., Zhang, Z., Zhang, N., Gao, Y. & Wang, Z. 2000: Radiolarian evolution during the Permian and Triassic transition in South and Southwest China. In: Yin, H. et al. (Eds.): Permian-Triassic Evolution of Tethys and Western Circum-Pacific. Dev. Palaeont. & Strat. 18, 309–326. Elsevier.
Feng, Q., Gu, S. & Li, M. 2001: Early Triassic Radiolarians from Sangzhi, Hunan. Acta micropalaeont. sinica 18, 249–253.
Fluteau, F., Besse, J., Broutin, J. & Ramstein, G. 2001: The Late Permian climate. What can be inferred from climate modelling concerning Pangea scenarios and Hercynian range altitude? Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 167, 39–71.
Gall, J.C., Grauvogel-Stamm, L., Nel, A. & Papier, F. 1998: The Permian mass extinction and the Triassic recovery. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 326, 1–12.
Guex, J. 1981: Associations virtuelles et discontinuités dans la distribution des espèces fossiles: un exemple intéressant. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 359, 179–197.
Guex, J. 2001: Environmental stress and atavism in ammonoid evolution. Eclog. Geol. Helv. 94, 321–328.
Hallam, A. 1989: The case for sea-level change as a dominant causal factor in mass extinctions of marine invertebrates. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, B325, 437–455.
Hallam, A. & Wignall, P.B. 1997: Mass extinctions and their aftermath. 370 p., Oxford Univ. Press.
Hallam, A. & Wignall, P.B. 1999: Mass extinctions and sea-level changes. Earth-Sci. Rev. 48, 217–250.
Heydari, E. & Hassanzadeh, J. 2003: Deev Jahi Model of the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction: a case for gas hydrates as the main cause of biological crisis on Earth. Sed. Geol. 163, 147–163.
Holser, W.T. & Magaritz, M. 1992: Cretaceous/Tertiary and Permian/Triassic boundary events compared. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3297–3309.
Holser, W.T., Schönlaub, H.P., Boeckelmann, K., Magaritz, M. & Orth, CJ. 1991: The Permian-Triassic of the Gartnerkofel-1 core (Carnic Alps, Austria): synthesis and conclusion. Abh. geol. Bundesanst. (Wien) 45, 213–232.
Hori, R.S., Campbell, J.D. & Grant-Mackie, J.A. 2003: Triassic Radiolaria from Kaka Point Structural Belt, Otago, New Zealand. J. r. Soc. N. Zealand 33, 39–56.
Isogawa, J., Aita, Y. & Sakai, T. 1998: Early Triassic radiolarians from the bedded chert in the Minowa quarry, Kuzuu Town, Tochigi Prefecture. News Osaka Micropaleont. Spec. 11, 81–93.
Isozaki, Y. 1994: Superanoxia across the Permo-Triassic boundary; record in accreted deep-sea pelagic chert in Japan. In: Embry A.F. (Ed.): Pangea: global environments and resources. 805–812, Canad. Soc. Petrol. Geol..
Isozaki, Y. 1997: Permo-Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: records from lost deep sea. Science 276, 235–238.
Jablonski, D. 1995: Extinction in the fossil record. In: May, R.M. & Lawton, J.H. (Eds.): Extinction rates. Oxford University Press, 25–44.
Jablonski,. D. 1996: Mass Extinctions: Persistent problems and new directions. In: Ryder, G. et al. (Eds.): The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History (Snowbird III). Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper 307, 1–11.
Kakuwa, Y. 1996: Permian-Triassic mass extinction event recorded in bedded chert sequence in southwest Japan. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 121, 35–51.
Kamata, Y. 1995: Early Triassic radiolarians from black siliceous shale and black chert in the Kuzu area of the Ashio Terrane, central Japan. Fossils 59, 23–31.
Kamata, Y. 1999: Lower Triassic (Spathian) radiolarians from the Kuzu area (Tochigi Prefecture, central Japan). In: De Wever, P. & Caulet, J.-P. (Eds.): InterRad VIII. Geodiversita 21, 657–673.
Kamata, Y., Matsuo, A., Takemura, A., Yamakita, S., Aita, Y., Sakai, T., Suzuki, N., Hori, R., Sakakibara, M., Fujiki, T., Ogane, K., Takemura, S., Sakamoto, S., Kodama, K., Nakamura, Y., Campbell, H.J. & Spörli, K.B. 2003: Late Induan (Dienerian) Radiolarians from Arrow rocks in the Waipapa terrane, North Island, New Zealand. In: Diserens, M.O. and Jackett, S-J. (Eds.) Interrad X Univ. Lausanne, Abstracts & Programme, 70.
Kamo, S.L., Czamanske, G.K., Amelin, Y., Fedorenko, V.A., Davis, D.W. & Trofimov, V.R. 2003: Rapid eruption of Siberian flood-volcanic rocks and evidence for coincidence with the Permian-Triassic boundary and mass extinction at 251 Ma. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 214, 75–91.
Kato, Y., Nakao, K. & Isozaki, Y 2002: Geochemistry of Late Permian to Early Triassic pelagic cherts from southwest Japan: implications for an oceanic redox change. Chemical Geology 182, 15–34.
Kidder, D.L. & Worsley, T.R. 2004: Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 203, 207–237.
Korte, C., Kozur, H.W., Bruckschen, P. & Veizer, J. 2003: Strontium isotope evolution of Late Permian and Triassic seawater. Geoch. Cosmoch. Acta 67, 47–62.
Korte, C., Kozur, H.W., Joachimski, M.M., Strauss, H., Veizer, & J. Schwark, L. 2004: Carbon, sulfur, oxygen and strontium isotope records, organic geochemistry and biostratigraphy across the Permian/Triassic boundary in Abadeh, Iran. Int. J. Earth Sci. 93, 565–581.
Kozur, H.W. 1998: Some aspects of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) and of the possible causes for the biotic crisis around this boundary. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 143, 227–272.
Kozur, H.W. Extinction and recovery patterns of the radiolarians during and after the Permian-Triassic biotic crisis and its importance for the radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Lower and Middle Triassic, (this volume)
Kozur, H.W. & Mostler, H. 1982: Entactinaria subordo Nov., a new radiolarian suborder. Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck 11, 399–414.
Kozur, H.W. & Mostler, H. 1994: Anisian to middle Carnian radiolarian zonation and description of some stratigraphically important radiolarians. Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck, Sond. 3, 39–255.
Kozur, H.W., Kaya, O. & Mostler, H. 1996: First evidence of Lower to Middle Scythian (Dienerian-Lower Olenekian) radiolarians from the Karakaya Zone of Northwestern Turkey. Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck, Sond. 4, 271–285.
Kusunoki, T. & Imoto, N. 1996: Early Triasssic (Spathian) radiolarians in the chert from southern Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture. Earth Sci., J. Assoc, geol. Coll. Japan 50, 183–187.
Kuwahara, K. & Yao. A. 2001: Late Permian radiolarian faunal change in bedded chert of the Mino Belt, Japan. In: Takemura A. & Furutani H. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Seventh Japanese Radiolarian Symposium News Osaka Micropaleont. spec. vol. 12, 33–49.
Leven, E.J. & Korchagin, O.A. 2001: Permian-Triassic Biotic Crisis and Foraminifers. Stratigr. geol. Correl. 9, 364–372.
Looy, C.V. Twitchett, R.J. Dilcher, D.L. Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J.H.A. Visscher, H. 2001: Life in the end-Permian dead zone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98, 7879–7883.
Nagai, H. & Mizutani, H. 1993: Early Triassic Radiolarians from Tsuzuya, Minokamo city, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan. Bull. Nagoya Univ. Furukawa Mus. 9, 1–23.
O’Dogherty, L. & Guex, J. 2002: Rates and pattern of evolution among Cre-taceous radiolarians: relations with global paleoceanographic events. In: Carter et al. (Eds.): Micropaleontology of radiolarians. Proceedings of Interrad IX. Micropaleont. 48, 1–22.
O’Dogherty, L., De Wever, P. & Guex, J. 2003: Is the nassellarian/spumel-larian diversity ratio a paleonvironmental proxy indicator in the geological record? In: Diserens, M.O. and Jackett, S-J. (Eds.) Interrad X Interrad 2003, Univ. Lausanne, Abstracts & Programme, 90–91.
Rampino, M.R. & Adler, A.C. 1998: Evidence for abrupt latest Permian mass extinction of foraminifera: results of tests for the Signor-Lipps effect. Geology 26, 415–418.
Ross, W.C. & Ross, J.R.P. 1988: Late Paleozoic Transgressive-Regressive Deposition. In: Wilgus, C.K. et al. (Eds.): Sea-Level changes-An integrated approach. SEPM Special Pub. 42, 227–248.
Sashida, K. 1983: Lower Triassic Radiolaria from the Kanto Mountains, Central Japan. Part 1: Palaeoscenidiidae. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, new ser. 131, 168–176.
Sashida, K. 1991: Early Triassic radiolarians from the Ogamata Formation, Kanto Mountains, central Japan, Part 2. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, new ser. 161, 681–696.
Sashida, K. & Igo, H. 1992: Triassic radiolarians from a limestone exposed at Khao Chiak near Phatthalung, Southern Thailand. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, New Ser. 168, 1296–1310.
Sashida, K., Igo, H., Adachi, S., Koike, T., Hisada, K.I., & Nakornsri, N. 1993: Occurrences of Paleozoic and Mesozoic radiolarians from Thailand and Malaysia and its geologic significance (preliminary report). News Osaka Micropaleont., spec. vol. 9, 1–17.
Sashida, K., Igo, H., Adachi, S., Ueno, K., Nakornsri, N. & Sardsud, A. 1998: Late Paleozoic radiolarian faunas from northern and northeastern Thailand. Sci. Rep. Inst. Geosci. Univ.Tsukuba, Sec. B: Geol. Sci. 19, 1–27.
Sashida, K., Igo, H., Adachi, S., Ueno, K., Kajiwara, Y., Nakornsri, N. & Sardsud, A. 2000: Late Permian to Middle Triassic radiolarian faunas from Northern Thailand. J. Paleont. 74, 789–811.
Scheffler, K., Hoernes S. & Schwark, L. 2003: Global changes during Carboniferous-Permian glaciation of Gondwana: Linking polar and equatorial climate evolution by geochemical proxies. Geology 31, 605–608.
Schubert, J.K. & Bottjer, D.J. 1995: Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event: Paleoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in western USA. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 116, 1–39.
Sepkoski, J.J. Jr. 1989: Periodicity in extinction and the problem of catastrophism in the history of life. J. Geol. Soc. London 146, 7–19.
Shang, Q., Caridroit M. & Wang, Y. 2001: Radiolarians from the Uppermost Permian Changhsingian of Southern China. Acta Micropal. Sinica 18, 229–240.
Sheehan P.M. 1977 Species Diversity in the Phanerozoic a Reflection of Labor by Systematists-Paleobiology 3 325–329
Shimizu, N., Isozaki, Y., Matsuda, T., Yao, J. & Ji, Z. 2004: Detailed stratigraphy across the Permo-Triassic boundary at Chaotian in Northern Sichuan, China. J. Geograph. (Tokyo) 113, 87–106.
Sugiyama, K. 1992: Lower and Middle Triassic radiolarians from Mt. Kinkazan, Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, New Ser. 167, 1180–1223.
Sugiyama, K. 1997: Triassic and Lower Jurassic radiolarian biostratigraphy in the siliceous claystone and bedded cherts units of the Southeastern Mino Terrane, Central Japan, Bull. Mizunami Fossil Mus. 24,79–193.
Suzuki, N., Akiba N. & Kanoh, H. 2002: Late Olenekian radiolarians from bedded chert of Ashio Terrane, northeast Japan, and faunal turnovers in western Panthalassa during Early Triassic. J. China Univ. Geosci. 13, 124–140.
Takemura, A., Aita, Y., Hori, R.S., Higuchi, Y., Sporli, K.B., Campbell, HJ., Kodama, K. & Sakai, T. 2002: Triassic radiolarians from the oceanfloor sequence of the Waipapa Terrane at Arrow Rocks, Northland, New Zealand. N. Zealand J. Geol. & Geophys. 45, 289–296.
Takemura, A., Sakai, M., Yamakita, S., Kamata, Y., Aita, Y., Sakai, T., Suzuki, N., Hori, S.R., Sakakibara, M., Kodama, K., Takemura, S., Sakamoto, S., Ogane, K., Koyano, T., Satake, A., Nakamura, Y., Campbell, HJ. & Spörli, K.B. 2003: Early Triassic radiolarians from arrow rocks in the Waipapa Terrane, Northern Island, New Zealand. In: Diserens, M.O. and Jackett, S-J. (Eds.) Interrad X, Univ. Lausanne, Abstracts & Programme 106–107.
Twitchett, R.J., Looy, C.V., Morante, R., Visscher H. & Wignall, P.B. 2001: Rapid and synchronous collapse of marine and terrestrial ecosystems during the end-Permian biotic crisis. Geology 29, 351–354.
Twitchett, R.J., Krystyn, L., Baud, A., Wheeley, J.R. & Richoz, S. 2004: Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass-extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia. Geology 32, 805–808.
Umeda, M. 2002: Taxonomy and Diversity History of Paleozoic Radiolarians: Seven Extinction Events. Journal of Geography (Tokyo) 11, 33–54.
Wang, K., Geldsetzer, H.H.J. & Krouse, H.R. 1994: Permian-Triassic extinctions: organic δ13C Evidence From British Columbia, Canada. Geology 22, 580–584.
Wignall, P.B. 2001: Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions. Earth-Sci. Rev. 53, 1–33.
Wignall, P.B. & Benton, M.J. 1999: Lazarus taxa and fossil abundances at times of biotic crisis. J. Geol. Soc. London 156, 453–456.
Wignall, P.B. & Hallam, A. 1992: Anoxia as a cause of the Permian/Triassic mass extinction: faciès evidence from northern Italy and the western United States. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 93, 21–46.
Wignall, P.B., Morante R. & Newton, R. 1998: The Permo-Triassic transition in Spitsbergen: δ13Corg chemostratigraphy, Fe and S geochemistry, faciès, fauna and trace fossils. Geol. Mag. 135, 47–62.
Won, M. & Below, R. 1999: Cambrian Radiolaria from the Georgina Basin, Queensland, Australia. Micropaleont. 45, 325–363.
Yao, A. & Kuwahara, K 1997: Radiolarian faunal change from Late Permian to Middle Triassic times. News Osaka Micropaleont. spec. vol. 10, 87–96.
Yao, A. & Kuwahara. K. 1999: Permian and Triassic radiolarian assemblages from the Yangzi Platform. In: Yao, A. et al. (Eds.): Biotic and Geological Development of the Paleo-Tethys in China. 1–16, University Press.
Yao, A. & Kuwahara, K. 2000: Permian and Triassic radiolarians from the southern Guizhou Province, China. J. Geosci., Osaka City Univ. 43, 1–19.
Zhang, Z., Feng, Q. & Shi, W. 1999: Preliminary studies of Triassic Radiolarians from Muyinhe Formation in Southwest Yunnan, China. In: Hongfu, Y. & Jinnan T. (Eds.): Pangea and the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Transition. Proceedings of the International Conference, 74–78.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Swiss Geological Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wever, P., O’Dogherty, L., Gorican, S. (2007). The plankton turnover at the Permo-Triassic boundary, emphasis on radiolarians. In: Baumgartner, P.O., Aitchison, J.C., De Wever, P., Jackett, SJ. (eds) Radiolaria. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Supplement, vol 2. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8344-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8344-2_4
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-7643-8343-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-7643-8344-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)