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The Eye

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Carotenoids

Part of the book series: Carotenoids ((CAROT,volume 5))

Abstract

The retina of the human and primate eye, especially the macula, the circular 5-6 mm diameter central part, is a target organ for the deposition of carotenoids. This macula lutea (yellow spot) has the highest local concentration of carotenoids in the human body. Although the macula lutea was well known by the late 18th century, it was considered by many to be a post-mortem artefact. It was not accepted to be an anatomical feature in vivo until the invention of the ophthalmoscope, when researchers were able to observe the yellow to orange colour of the macula in the living eye by using appropriate, red-free, illumination. A comprehensive article [1] reviews the evolution of ideas in relation to the macular pigment over a period of 200 years. In 1945, the macular yellow pigment was broadly characterized by absorption spectroscopy as being “in all probability lutein or leaf xanthophyll” [2].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland

    Wolfgang Schalch

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA

    John T. Landrum

  3. Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA

    Richard A. Bone

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  1. Wolfgang Schalch
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  2. John T. Landrum
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  3. Richard A. Bone
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  1. 53 Forest Read Meols Wirral, Merseyside, CH47 6AT, UK

    George Britton

  2. Carote Nature GmbH, Muristrasse 8e, 3006, Bern, Switzerland

    Hanspeter Pfander (Chief Operating Officer) (Chief Operating Officer)

  3. Organic Chemistry Laboratories Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Synnøve Liaaen-Jensen

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Schalch, W., Landrum, J.T., Bone, R.A. (2009). The Eye. In: Britton, G., Pfander, H., Liaaen-Jensen, S. (eds) Carotenoids. Carotenoids, vol 5. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7501-0_15

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