Abstract
The η is a remarkable particle as regards its production, interaction, and its various suppressed, rare and forbidden decay modes. Eta production is always large; near threshold it is dominated by 3 special S-wave resonances. The ηN and ηΛ scattering lengths are attractive and large; this has generated speculations about the possible existence of a new type of nuclear matter, bound or quasi bound eta-mesic nuclei and eta-mesic hypernuclei. η is an isospin singlet, η production is therefore an isospin selective reaction which is particularly helpful in baryon spectroscopy. π0 — η mixing causes intrinsic (non Coulombic) violation of charge symmetry, which allows for new measurements of the mass difference between the up and down quarks at different four-momentum transfers. The η is a Goldstone boson; this provides opportunities for unique probes of chiral perturbation theory. Finally, the η is an eigenstate of the charge-conjunction and CP operators; this makes possible a variety of tests of C and CP invariance of flavor-non-changing strong/electromagnetic interactions.
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Nefkens, B.M.K. (1995). What is so Special About Eta-Meson Physics. In: Adam, J., Dobeš, J., Mach, R., Sotona, M., Dolejší, J. (eds) Mesons and Light Nuclei ’95. Few-Body Systems, vol 9. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9453-9_24
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