Skip to main content

Virtual molecules, rendering speed, and image quality

  • Conference paper
Virtual Environments ’95

Part of the book series: Eurographics ((EUROGRAPH))

Abstract

In this paper we present a system for investigating molecule data by means of Virtual Reality techniques. This allows new insights into the structure of individual molecules as well as into the interaction between multiple molecules. Scientific Visualization, especially when performed in Virtual Environments, must consider two opposing demands: Maximum image quality at sufficient frame rates. With this in mind we discuss a general scheme for determining the quality of (3D) graphical computer systems. For this scheme, we are focusing on the user’s perception of the system. Therefore, we do not include factors like memory size or processor speed directly, even though they may influence other features which we consider crucial for Graphics System Quality (GSQ), e.g., rendering speed. We identify three components of Graphics System Quality: Data quality, image quality, and interaction quality. We show that our system for immersive investigation of molecule data is unique in its advanced combination of image quality and interaction quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Astheimer, P., Felger, W., Müller, S.: Virtual Design: A Generic VR System for Industrial Applications, Computers amp; Graphics, Vol. 17, NO. 6, pp. 671–677, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  2. Astheimer, P., Dai, F., Göbel, M., Kruse, R., Müller, S., Zachmann, G.: Realism in Virtual Reality, In: Thalmann, N., Thalmann, D. (Eds.): Artificial Life and Virtual Reality, John Wiley k Sons, 1994, pp. 189–210

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bergman, L. D., Richardson, J. S., Richardson, D. C., Brooks, F. P.: VIEW-An Exploratory Molecular Visualization System with User-Definable Interaction Sequences, Computer Graphics Proceedings, SIGGRAPH 1993, pp. 117–126

    Google Scholar 

  4. BIOSYM Technologies, Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, CA 92121–3752, USA

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brooks, F. P.: Project GROPE-Haptic Displays for Scientific Visualization, Computer Graphics 24 (4), pp. 177–185, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bryson, S., Levit, C.: The Virtual Windtunnel, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 12, 4, pp. 25–34, 1992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bryson, S., Levit, C.: Lessons learned while implementing the virtual wind-tunnel project, Visualization ’92, Tutorial # 2, 4. 1–4. 7, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cruz-Neira, C., Leight, J., Papka, M., Barnes, C., Cohen, S. M., Das, S., En-gelmann, R., Hudson, R., Roy, T., Siegel, L., Vasilakis, C., DeFanti, T. A., Sandin, D. J.: Scientists in Wonderland: A Report on Visualization Appli-cations in the CAVE Virtual Reality Environment, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Research Frontiers in VR, San Jose, pp. 59–66, October 1993

    Google Scholar 

  9. Earnshaw, R. A., Wiseman, N.: An Introductory Guide to Scientific Visua-lization Springer Verlag, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  10. Encarnagäo, J. L., Astheimer, P., Felger, W., Frühauf, Th., Göbel, M., Müller, S.: Graphics amp; Visualization: The Essential Features for the Classification of Systems., In: Proc. International Conference on Computer Graphics ICCG’93, Bombay, India, February 1993

    Google Scholar 

  11. Freeman, C. M., Catlow, C. R. A., Thomas, J. M., Brode, S.: Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 186, p. 137, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gerfelder, N., Müller, W.: Quality Aspects of Computer Based Video Services, in: Proc. of the 1994 European SMPTE Conference, Cologne, Germany, pp. 44–67, Sept. 1994

    Google Scholar 

  13. Goodford, P.: A Computational Procedure for Determining Energetically Favourable Binding Sites on Biologically Important Macromolecules, Journal of Medical Chemistry, Vo.. 28, p. 849, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  14. Haase, H., Göbel, M., Astheimer, P., Karlsson, K., Schroder, F., Frühauf, Th., Ziegler, R.: How Scientific Visualization can benefit from Virtual Environments, CWI Quarterly, The Netherlands, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  15. Haase, H., Dai, F., Strassner, J., Göbel, M.: Immersive Investigation of Scientific Data, to appear in: Nielson, G., etal. (Eds.), CS Press, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jones, T. A.: A Graphics Model Building and Refinement System for Ma-cromolecules Journal of Appl. Cryst., Vol. 11, pp. 268–272, 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kamat, V. V.: A Survey of Techniques for Simulation of Dynamic Collision Detection and Response, Computers k, Graphics. Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 379–385, 1993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Langridge, R., Ferrin, T. E., Kuntz, I. D., Connolly, M. L.: Real-Time Color Graphics in Studies of Molecular Interactions, Science, Vol. 211, No. 4483, pp. 661–666, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Langridge, R.: The Role of Visualization in Molecular Biology, in: Gershon, N.: Is Visualization REALLY Necessary? The Role of Visualization in Science, Engineering, and Medicine, in: Proc. Visualization ’93, San Jose, p. 344, October 1993

    Google Scholar 

  20. Levinthal, C.: Molecular Model-Building by Computer, Scientific American 124 (6), pp. 42–52, 1966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Max, N., GetzofF, E. D.: Spherical Harmonic Molecular Surfaces, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, pp. 42–50, July 1988

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ouh-Young, M., Beard, D. V., Brooks, F. P.: Force Display Performs Better than Visual Dispaly in a Simple 6-D Docking Task, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Rob. Autom., pp. 1462–1466, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  23. Roch, M., Weber, J.: Computer graphics in chemical education and research, Computers and Graphics 1/1987, pp. 55–60

    Google Scholar 

  24. Schröder, F., Roßbach, P.: Managing the Complexity of Digital Terrain Models, Computers amp; Graphics, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 775–783, 1994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sherman, W. R.: Integrating Virtual Environments into the Dataflow Para-digm, Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Visualization in Scientific Com-puting, Abingdon, UK, April 1993

    Google Scholar 

  26. Stewart, S. D.: Computer Generated Molecular Modeling, Simulation, July 1986, pp. 18–23

    Google Scholar 

  27. Surles, M. C.: An algorithm with linear complexity for interactive, physically-based modeling of large proteins, Computer Graphics (SIG-GRAPH ’92 Proceedings), 1992, pp. 221–230

    Google Scholar 

  28. Taylor, R. M., Robinett, W., Chi, V. L., Brooks, F. P., Wright, W. V., Williams, R. S., Snyder, E. J.: The Nanomanipulator: A Virtual-Reality Interface for a Scanning Tunneling Microscope, Computer Graphics, Proc. SIGGRAPH, Anaheim, pp. 127–134, August 1993

    Google Scholar 

  29. Waldherr-Teschner, M., Goetze, T., Heiden, W., Knoblauch, M., Vollhardt, H., Brickmann, J.: MOL CAD-Computer Aided Visualization and Manipulation of Models in Molecular Science, In: Post, F. H., Hin, A. J. S. (Eds.): Advances in Scientific Visualization, Springer-Verlag, pp. 58–67, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  30. Weber, J., Fluekiger, P., Field, M. J.: Computer-animated chemical models, In: Computer Animation ’90 (Second workshop on Computer Animation), Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Thalmann, D. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, pp. 21–29, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  31. Woo, A., Poulin, P., Founier, A.: A Survey of Shadow Algorithms, IEEE Computer Graphics amp; Applications, pp. 13–32, November 1990

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this paper

Cite this paper

Haase, H., Strassner, J., Dai, F. (1995). Virtual molecules, rendering speed, and image quality. In: Göbel, M. (eds) Virtual Environments ’95. Eurographics. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9433-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9433-1_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82737-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-9433-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics