Summary
Lelystad virus (LV) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA virus, which causes abortions and respiratory disease in pigs. The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of LV has been determined. This sequence is 15.1 kb in length and contains a poly(A) tail at the 3′ end. Open reading frames that might encode the viral replicases (ORFs 1a and 1b), membrane-associated proteins (ORFs 2 to 6) and the nucleocapsid protein (ORF7) have been identified. Sequence comparisons have indicated that LV is distantly related to the coronaviruses and toroviruses and closely related to lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) and equine arteritis virus (EAV). A 3′ nested set of six sub- genomic RNAs is produced in LV-infected alveolar lung macrophages. These subgenomic RNAs contain a leader sequence, which is derived from the 5′ end of the viral genome. Altogether, these data show that LV is closely related evolutionarily to LDV and EAV, both members of a recently proposed family of positive-stranded RNA viruses, the Arteriviridae.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Subgenomic RNAs
- Equine Arteritis Virus
- Ribosomal Frameshifting
- Lelystad Virus
- Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Hill H (1990) Overview and history of mystery swine disease (swine infertility respiratory syndrom). In: Proceedings Mystery Swine Disease Committee Meeting, October 6, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Livestock Conservation Institute, Madison, pp 29–31
Paton DJ, Brown IH, Edwards S, Wensvoort G (1991) Blue ear disease of pigs. Vet Ree 128: 617
Wensvoort G, Terpstra C, Pol JMA, Ter Laak EA, Bloemraad RA, de Kluyver EP, Kragten C, van Buiten L, den Besten A, Wagenaar F, Broekhuysen JM, Moonen PLJM, Zetstra T, de Boer EA, Tibben HJ, de Jong MF, van’t Veld P, Groenland GJR, van Gennep JA, Voets MTh, Verheijden JHM, Braamskamp J (1991) Mystery swine disease in the Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus. Vet Q 13: 121–130
Collins JE, Benfield DA, Christianson WT, Harris L, Hennings J, Shaw DP, Goyal SM, McCullough S, Morrison RB, Joo HS, Gorcyca D, Chladek D (1992) Isolation of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus (Isolate ATCC VR 2332) in North America and experimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest 4: 117–126
Pol JAM, Wagenaar F (1992) Morphogenesis of Lelysted virus in porcine lung alveolar macrophages. Am Ass Swine Practit 4: 29
Meulenberg JJM, Hülst MM, de Meijer EJ, Moonen PLJM, den Besten A, de Kluyver EP, Wensvoort G, Moornmann RJM (1992) Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome ( PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV. Virology 192: 62–72
Snijder EJ, den Boon JA, Bredenbeek PJ, Horzinek MC, Rijnbrand R, Spaan WJM (1990) The carboxyl-terminal part of the putative Berne virus polymerase is expressed by ribosomal frameshifting and contains sequence motifs which indicate that toro- and coronaviruses are evolutionary related. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4535–4542
den Boon JA, Snijder EJ, Chirnside ED, de Vries AAF, Horzinek MC, Spaan WJM (1991) Equine arteritis virus is not a togavirus but belongs to the Coronavirus superfamily. J Virol 65: 2910–2920
Kuo L, Harty JT, Erickson L, Palmer GA, Plagemann PGWW (1991) A nested set of eight RNAs is formed in macrophages infected with lactate dehydrogenase- elevating virus. J Virol 65: 5118–5123
Boursnell MEG, Brown TDK, Foulds IJ, Green PF, Tomley FM, Binns MM (1987) Completion of the sequence of the genome of the Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. J Gen Virol 68: 57–77
Brierly I, Boursnell MEG, Binns MM, Bilimoria B, Blok VC, Brown TDK, Inglis SC (1987) An efficient ribosomal frameshifting signal in the polymerase-encoding region of the Coronavirus IBV. EMBO J 6: 3779–3785
Lee H, Shieh C, Gorbalenya AE, Koonin EV, Monica NL, Tuler N, Bagdzhadzhyan A, Lai MMC (1991) The complete sequence (22 kilobases) of murine Coronavirus gene 1 encoding the putative proteases and RNA polymerase. Virology 180: 567–582
Brierley I, Diggard P, Inglis SC (1989) Characterization of an efficient Coronavirus ribosomal frameshifting signal: requirement for an RNA pseudoknot. Cell 57: 537–547
Pearson WR, Lipman DJ (1988) Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 2444–2448
Plagemann PGW, Moennig V (1991) Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus: a new group of positive- strand RNA viruses. Adv Virus Res 41: 99–192
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Meulenberg, J.J.M. et al. (1994). Lelystad virus belongs to a new virus family, comprising lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus. In: Brinton, M.A., Calisher, C.H., Rueckert, R. (eds) Positive-Strand RNA Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplementum, vol 9. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9326-6_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9326-6_43
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82522-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-9326-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive