Summary
In contrast to the current concept of abortive regeneration of mammalian central axons, the occurrence of marked, functionally active, regeneration of the cerebellofugal projection was proved in the cat after complete transection of the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum (BCX). Because the BCX is a complete crossing it was transected completely by pushing down an edged U-shaped wire to the base of the brain stem in the midline, and the wire was left in situ to mark the lesion. Later, horseradish peroxidase was injected into the cerebellar lateral and interpositus nuclei to label the cerebellofugal projection arising from these nuclei; axonal regeneration was proved by demonstration of labelled fibres passing through the area enclosed by the U-shaped wire. By this procedure the origin, course, and destination of the regenerated fibres were identified unambiguously. Most of the regenerated axons took a course similar to that of the normal projection and terminated in the normal projection areas, whereas a small proportion of fibres showed an aberrant course and termination. Functional connectivity of the regenerated cerebello-thalamic projection was tested electrophysiologically in the same animals examined morphologically. In all animals in which marked axonal regeneration occurred, cerebellocerebral responses, as in intact animals, were evoked in the frontal motor and parietal associated cortices. Study of the time-course of regeneration revealed that the cut ends of axons began to swell as early as 15min after transection, produced terminals tipped by growth cones in 14–24 hours, grew to cross the lesion in 3 days, and distributed dense terminals in the thalamus by 19 days.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- 3N:
-
Oculomotor nerve
- BCX:
-
decussation of brachium conjunctivum
- Caj:
-
interstitial nucleus of Cajal
- CL:
-
central lateral nucleus of thalamus
- CM:
-
cetromedian nucleus of thalamus
- CN:
-
cerebellar nuclei
- Da:
-
nucleus of Darkschewitsch
- FF:
-
Forel’s field
- FTC:
-
central tegmental field of the brain stem
- INT:
-
interpositus nucleus of cerebellum
- IO:
-
inferior olivary nucleus
- Ip:
-
interpeduncular nucleus
- LAT:
-
lateral nucleus of cerebellum
- LP:
-
lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus
- M.E.:
-
microelectrode
- NCM:
-
central medial nucleus of thalamus
- NPC:
-
nucleus of posterior commissure
- PAG:
-
periaqueductal grey
- Pc:
-
paracentral nucleus of thalamus
- PN:
-
pontine nucleus
- PRT:
-
pretectum
- PTN:
-
pontine tegmental nucleus
- Pul:
-
pulvinar nucleus of thalamus
- RN:
-
red nucleus
- SC:
-
superior colliculus
- S.E.:
-
stimulating electrode
- VA:
-
ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus
- VL:
-
ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus
- VPL:
-
ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
- ZI:
-
zona incerta
References
Aguayo AJ, Benfey M, David S (1983) A potential for axonal regeneration in neurons of the adult mammalian nervous system. Birth Defects 19: 327–340.
Björklund A, Stenevi U (1979) Regeneration of monoaminergic and cholinergic neurons in the mammalian central nervous system. Physiol Rev 59: 62–100.
Björklund A, Stenevi U (1984) Intracerebral neural implants: Neuronal replacement and reconstitution of damaged circuitries. Ann Rev Neurosci 7: 279–308.
Cajal S, Ramón y (1959) Degeneration and regeneration in the nervous system (1928), May RM (transl). Hafner, New York, 1959.
Clemente CD (1964) Regeneration in the vertebrate central nervous system. Int Rev Biol 6: 257–301.
Foerster AP (1982) Spontaneous regeneration of cut axons in adult rat brain. J Comp Neurol 210: 335–356.
Gage FH, Dunnett SB, Stenevi U et al (1983) Aged rats: recovery of motor impairments by intrastriatal nigral grafts. Science 221: 966–969.
Guth L (1975) History of central nervous system regeneration research. Exp Neurol 48 (Part 2): 3–15.
Kalil K, Reh T (1979) Regrowth of severed axons in the neonatal central nervous system: establishment of normal connections. Science 205: 1158–1160.
Kalil K, Reh T (1982) A light and electron microscopic study of regrowing pyramidal tract fibers. J Comp Neurol 211: 265–275.
Kao CC, Chang LW, Bloodworth JMB (1977) Axonal regeneration across transected mammalian spinal cords: An electron microscopic study of delayed microsurgical nerve grafting. Exp Neurol 54: 591–615.
Kawaguchi S, Miyata H, Kawamura M. et al (1981) Morphological and electrophysiological evidence for axonal regeneration of axotomized cerebellothalamic neurons in kittens. Neurosci Lett 25: 13–18.
Kawaguchi S, Miyata H, Kato N (1982) Axonal regeneration of axotomized cerebellothalamic projection neurons in adult cats. J Physiol Soc Japan 44: 383.
Kawaguchi S, Miyata H, Kato N (1984) Mechanical guidance for axonal regeneration of cerebellothalamic neurons in the cat. Neurosci Lett Suppl 17: S. 20.
Kawaguchi S, Miyata H, Kato N (1986) Regeneration of the cerebellofugal projection after transection of the superior cerebellar peduncle in kittens: morphological and electrophysiological studies. J Comp Neurol 245: 258–273.
Kawaguchi S, Samejima A, Yamamoto T (1983) Post-natal development of the cerebello-cerebral projection in kittens. J Physiol (Lond) 343: 215–232.
Kawaguchi S, Yamamoto, Samejima A (1979) Electrophysiological evidence for axonal sprouting of cerebellothalamic neurons in kittens after neonatal hemicerebellectomy. Exp Brain Res 36: 21–39.
Kawaguchi S, Yamamoto, T., Samejima A et al (1979) Morphological evidence for axonal sprouting of cerebellothalamic neurons in kittens after neonatal hemicerebellectomy. Exp Brain Res 35: 511–518.
Marx JL (1980) Regeneration in the central nervous system. Science 209: 378–380.
Puchala E, Windle WF (1977) The possibility of structural and functional restitution after spinal cord injury. A review. Exp Neurol 55: 1–42.
Richardson PM, McGuiness UM, Aguayo AJ (1980) Axons from CNS neurons regenerate into PNS grafts. Nature 284: 264–265.
So K-F, Aguayo AJ (1985) Lengthy growth of cut axons from ganglion cells after peripheral nerve transplantation into the retina of adult rats. Brain Res 328: 349–354.
Tsukahara N (1981) Synaptic plasticity in the mammalian central nervous system. Ann Rev Neurosci 4: 351–379.
Windle WF (1956) Regeneration of axons in the vertebral central nervous system. Physiol Rev 36: 427–440.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kawaguchi, S. (1987). Regeneration of the Cerebellofugal Projection After Transection of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle in the Cat. In: Sano, K., Ishii, S. (eds) Plasticity of the Central Nervous System. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, vol 41. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8945-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8945-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-8947-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8945-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive