Skip to main content
  • 99 Accesses

Abstract

Transport properties of ions in gases (i.e. ion mobilities and diffusion coefficients) are of intrinsic, fundamental and applied interest /1/. On the one hand they can give information about the ion-neutral interaction potential; on the other hand they can be used to describe quantitatively the behavior of ions moving in a neutral buffer gas and related charge transport phenomena and are required together with ionization cross section data /2/ for a quantitative understanding of electrical discharges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mc Daniel, E.W., Mason, E.A.: The mobility and diffusion of ions in gases. New York: Wiley 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Märk, T.D., Dunn, G.H.: Electron impact ionization. Wien: Springer. 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Nernst, W.: Zur Kinetik der in Lösung befindlicher Körper. Z. Phys. Chem. 2, 613–637 (1888).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Townsend, J.S.: The diffusion of ions into gases. Phil. Trans. A 193, 129–158 (1900).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Townsend, J.S.: The charges on positive and negative ions in gases. Proc. Roy. Soc. A 80, 207–211 (1908), and, The charges on ions in gases, and the effect of water vapor on the motion of negative ions. Proc. Roy. Soc. A 81, 464–471 (1908).

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Thomson, J.J., Thomson, G.P.: Conduction of electricity through gases. Vol. I (unrevised reprint of 1928 3rd edition). New York: Dover. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Loeb, L.B.: Basic processes of gaseous electronics. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Massey, H.S.W.: Electronic and ionic impact phenomena. Vol. III. Oxford: Clarendon. 1971

    Google Scholar 

  9. Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A., Morrison, W.F., Flannery, M.R.: Tables of transport collision integrals for (n, 6,4) ion-neutral potentials. Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 16, 495–514 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ellis, H.W., Pai, R.Y., Mc Daniel, E.W., Mason, E.A., Viehland, L.A.: Transport properties of gaseous ions over a wide energy range. Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 16, 177–210 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ellis, H.W., Mc Daniel, E.W., Albritton, D.L., Viehland, L.A., Lin, S.L., Mason, E.A.: Transport properties of gaseous’ions over a wide energy range. Part II. Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 22, 179–217 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: Gaseous ion mobility and diffusion in electric fields of arbitrary strength. Ann. Phys. 110, 287–328 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kumar, K., Skullerud, H.R., Robson, R.E.: Kinetic theory of charged particle swarms in neutral gases. Aust. J. Phys. 33, 343–448 (1980).

    ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Märk, T.D., Castieman, Jr. A.W.: Experimental studies on cluster ions. Adv. Atom. Molec. Phys. 20 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Crompton, R.W., Elford, M.T., Gascoigne, J.: Precision measurements of the Townsend energy ratio for electron swarms in highly uniform electric fields. Austral. J. Phys. 18, 409–436 (1965)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dutton, J., Llewellyn Jones, F., Rees, W.D., Williams, E.M.: Drift and diffusion of ions in hydrogen. Phil. Trans. Roy, A 259, 339–354 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dutton, J., Howells, P.: The motion of oxygen ion in oxygen. J. Phys. B1, 1160–1170 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Skullerud, H.R.: Measurement of positive ion diffusion in argon and hydrogen. In: Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Phenom. ionized Gases, p. 50–53 Belgrade: Gradevinska Knjiga. 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tunnicliffe, R.J., Rees, J.A.: The determination of Townsend energy ratio (k.) for positive potassium ions in hdydrogen and nitrogen. in: Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Phenom. Ionized Gases, p. 14. Wien: Springer. 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fleming, I.A., Tunnicliffe, R.J., Rees, J.A.: The drift and diffusion of potassium ions in nitrogen. J. Phys. D2, 551–556 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fleming, I.A., Tunnicliffe, R.J., Rees, J.A.: Concerning determinations of the drift velocity and lateral diffusion of positive ions in hydrogen. J.Phys. B2, 780–789 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Miller, T.M., Moseley, J.T., Martin, D.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Reactions of H+ in H2 and D+ in D2; Mobilities of hydrogen and alkali ions in H2 and D2 gases. Phys. Rev. 173, 115–122 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Moseley, J.T., Snuggs, R.M., Martin, D.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Longitudinal agd transyerse diffusion coefficients of mass identified N and N2 ions in nitrogen. Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 873–878 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Moseley, J.T., Gatland, I.R., Martin, D.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Measurement of transport properties of ions in gases: Results for K+ ions in N2. Phys. Rev. 178, 234–239 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Moseley, J.T., Snuggs, R.M., Martin, D.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Mobilities, diffusion coefficients, and reaction rates of mass-identified nitrogen ions in nitrogen. Phys. Rev. 178, 240–248 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gray, D.R., Rees, J.A.: The lateral diffusion of mass identified positive ions in oxygen. J. Phys. B5, 1048–1055 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Alger, S.R., Stefansson, T. Rees, J.A.: Measurements of the lateral diffusion of O2 + ions in oxygen, N3 + and N4 + ions in nitrogen, and CO+.CO ions in carbon monoxide. J. Phys. B11, 3289–3297 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Varney, R.N., Helm, H., Alge, E., Störi, H., Lindinger, W.: Transverse diffusion of Ar+ and Ar2+ in Ar at 298 K. J. Phys. B14, 1695–1705 (1981)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Sejkora, G., Hilchenbach, M., Grössl, M., Helm, H., Elford, M.T., Lindinger, W., Märk, T.D.: Lateral diffusion of mass identified ions: experimental. In: Proc. 3rd Symp. Atom. Surf. Phys. (Lindinger, W., et al., Eds.) p. 322–326. Maria Aim. 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sejkora, G., Hilchenbach, M., Elford, M.T., Märk, T.D.: Lateral diffusion of mass identified ions; low current stable ion source. Europhys. Conf. Abstr. 6D, 143,1982)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Girstmair, P., Sejkora, G., BryanJ, H.C., Märk, T.D.: Transverse diffusion of the (N2) 2 + cluster ion. In: Proc. XIIIth Int. Conf. Phys. Electr. Atom. Coll., post deadline paper, p. 11, Berlin. 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sejkora, G., Bryant, H.C., Girstmair, P., Hesche, M., Djuric, N., Märk, T.D.: Transverse diffusion of mass identified ions in their parent gas. In: Proc. 3rd Intern. Swarm Seminar (Lindinger, W., et al., Eds.) p. 201–205. Innsbruck. 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Sejkora, G., Ijlärk, T.D.: Transverse diffusion of mass identified N2 ions in nitrogen. Chem. Phys. Lett. 97, 123–126 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sejkora, G., Girstmair, P., Bryant, H.C, Märk, T.D.: The transverse diffusion of Ar+ and Ar2+ in Ar. Phys. Rev. A, in print (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Märk, T.D., Sejkora, G., Girstmair, P., Hesche, M., Märk, E., Bryant, H.C., Elford, M.T.: Transverse ion diffusion studied with the radial ion distribution method. In: Proc. 4th Symp. Atom. Surf. Phys. (Howorka, F et al., Eds.), 144–154, Maria Aim. (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  36. MSrk, T.D., Girstmair, P., Sejkora, G., Hesche, M., Mark, E., Bryant, H.C.: Transverse ion diffusion in rare gases. In: Proc. 7th ESCAMPIG, Bari. 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Stefannson, T.: Diffusion of lithium ions in argon. In: Proc. 3rd Intern. Swarm Seminar (Lindinger, W., et al., Eds) p. 227–233. Innsbruck. 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Mc Daniel, E.W., Moseley, J.T.: Tests of the Wannier expressions for diffusion coefficients of gaseous ions in electric fields. Phys. Rev. A3, 1040–1044 (1971).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Robson, R.E.: A thermodynamic treatment of anisotropic diffusion in an electric field. Aust. J. Phys. 25, 685–693 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wannier, G.H.: On a conjecture about diffusion of gaseous ions. Austr. J. Phys. 26, 897–900 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Skullerud, H.R.: Monte-Carlo investigations of the motion of gaseous ions in electrostatic fields. J. Phys. B6, 728–742 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Whealton, J.H., Mason, E.A., Robson, R.E.: Composition dependence of ion-transport coefficients in gas mixtures. Phys. Rev. A9, 1017–1020 (1974).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Whealton, J.H., Mason, E.A.: Transport coefficients of gaseous ions in an electric field. Ann. Phys. 84, 8–38 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: On the relation between gaseous ion mobility and diffusion coefficients at arbitrary electric field strengths. J. Chem. Phys. 63, 2913–2915 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: Gaseous ion mobility in electric fields of arbitrary strength. Ann. Phys. 91, 499–533 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Skullerud, H.R.: On the relation between the diffusion and mobility of gaseous ions moving in strong electric fields. J. Phys. B9, 535–546 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. Robson, R.E.: On the generalized Einstein relation for gaseous ions in an electrostatic field. J. Phys. B9, L 337-L 339 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Skullerud, H.R.: Progress in the transport theory of weakly ionized gases. In: Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Phys. Ionized Gases, p. 303–319. Berlin, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Viehland, L.A., Lin, S.L.: Application of the three- temperature theory of gaseous ion transport. Chem. Phys. 43, 135–144 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Lin, S.L., Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: Three-temperature theory of gaseous ion transport- Chem. Phys. 37, 411–424 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Sinha, S., Lin, S.L., Bardsley, J.N.: The mobility of He+ in He. J. Phys. B12, 1613–1622 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Skullerud, H.R., Forsth, L.R.: Perturbation treatment of thermal motions in gaseous ion-transport theory. J. Phys. B12, 1881–1888 (1979).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. Waldman, M., Mason, E.A.: Generalized Einstein relations from a three-temperature theory of gasous ion transport. Chem. Phys. 58, 121–144 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A. Lin, S.L.: Test of the interaction potentials of H- and Br ions with He atoms and of Cl- ions with Ar atoms. Phys. Rev. A 24, 3004–3009 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: Well depths of XeF- and XeCl- from ion transport data. Chem. Phys. Lett. 83, 298–300 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. Viehland, L.A.: Gaseous ion transport coefficients. Chem. Phys. 70, 149–156 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. Waldman, M., Mason, E.A., Viehland, L.A.: Influence of resonant charge transfer on ion diffusion and generalized Einstein relations. Chem. Phys. 66, 339–349 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Skullerud, H.R.: Calculation of ion drift and diffusion basis set expansions with non-gaussian weight functions. In: Proc. 3rd Intern. Swarm Seminar (Lindinger, W., et al., Eds) p. 212–217. Innsbruck. 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Pai, R.Y., Ellis, H.W., Akridge, G.R., McDaniel, E.W.: Longitudinal diffusion coefficients of Li+ and Na+ ions in He, Ne and Ar: Experimental test of the generalized Einstein relation. J. Chem. Phys. 63, 2916–2918 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Pai, R.Y., Ellis, H.W., Akridge, G.R., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Generalized Einstein relation: Application to ions in molecular gases. Phys. Rev. A12, 1781–1784 (1975).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ellis, H.W., Thackston, M.G., Pai, R.Y., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Longitudinal diffusion coefficients of Rb+ ions in He, Ne, Ar, H2, N2, O2 and CO2 J. Chem. Phys. 65, 3390–3391 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Pai, R.Y., Ellis, H.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Th generalized Einstein relation-application to Li and Na ions in hydrogen gas. J. Chem. Phys. 64, 4238–4239 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. Eisele, F.L., Thackston, M.G., Pope, W.M., Gatland, I.R., Ellis, H.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Experimental test of the generalized Einstein relation for Cs ions in molecular gases: H2, N2, O2, CO, and CO2 J. Chem. Phys. 67, 1278- 1279 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. Thackston, M.G., Eisele, F.L., Pope, W.M., Ellis, H.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Farther tests of the generalized Einstein relation: Cs+ ions in Ar, Kr, and Xe. J. Chem. Phys.68, 3950–3951 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. Morrison, W.F., Akridge, G.R., Ellis, H.W., Pai, R.Y., Mc Danel, E.W., Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: Test of the Li -He interaction potential. J. Chem. Phys. 63, 2238–2241 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. Viehland, L.A. Mason, E.A., Stevens, T.H., Monchik, L.: Test of the H2 + He interaction poteçtial. Comparison of the interactions of He with H+, H2 +, and H3 +. Chem. Phys. Lett. 44, 360–362 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. Viehland, L.A., Harrington, M.M., Mason, E.A.: Direct determination of ion-neutral molecule interaction potentials from gaseous ion mobility measurements. Chem. Phys. 22, 433–441 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. Gatland, I.R., Morrison, W.F., Ellis, H.W., Thackston, M.G., Mc Daniel, E.W., Alexander, M.H., Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: The Li +-He interaction potential. J. Chem. Phys. 66, 5121–5125 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. Gatland, I.R., Viehland, L.A., Mason, E.A.: Tests of alkali ion-inert gas interaction potentials by gaseous ion mobility experiments. J. Chem. Phys. 66, 537–541 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. Gatland, I.R., Thackston, M.G., Pope, W.M., Eisele, F.L., Ellis, H.W., Mc Daniel, E.W.: Mobilities and inter- action potentials for Cs+ -Ar, Cs+ -Kr, and Cs+ -Xe. J. Chem. Phys. 68, 2775–2778 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. Gatland, I.R., Lamm, D.R., Thackston, M.G., Pope, W.M., Eisele, F.L., Ellis, H.W., Mc Danjel, E.W: Mobilitie and interaction potentials for Rb+ -Ar, Rb+ -Kr, and Rb+ -Xe. J. Chem. Phys. 69, 4951–4954 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Thackston, M.G., Eisele, F.L., Pope, W.M., Ellis, H.W., Mc Daniel, E.W., Gatland, I.R.: Mobility of Cl ions in Xe gas and the CI- -Xe interaction potential. J. Chem. Phys. 73, 3183–3185 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. Lamm, D.R., Thackston, M.G., Eisele, F.L., Ellis, H.W., Twist, J.R., Pope, W.M., Gatland, I.R., Mc Janiel, E.W.: Mobilities and interaction potentials for K+ -Ar, K+ -Kr, and K+ -Xe. J. chem. Phys. 74, 3042–3045 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. Takebe, M.: The generalized mobility curve for alkali- ions in rare gases: Clustering reactions and mobility curves. J. Chem. Phys. 78, 7223–7226 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. Cassidy, R.A., Elford, M.T.: The mobility of Li+ and K+ ions in helium and argon at 294 and 80 K and derived interaction potentials. In: Proc. 3rd Intern. Swarm Seminar (Lindinger, W., et al., Eds) p. 222–226. Innsbruck. 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Llewellyn Jones, F.: The energy of agitation of positive ions in argon. Proc. Phys. Soc. 47, 74–85 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Crompton, R.W.: The present status of the Townsend- Huxley experiment in theory and practice. Aust. J. Phys. 25, 409–417 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. Mc Daniel, E.W., Cermak, V., Dalgarno, A., Ferguson, E.E., Friedman, L.: Ion-molecule reactions. New York: Wiley. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Mc Daniel, E.W., Mc Dowell, M.R.C.: Case Studies in Atomic Collision Physics I (Eds.). Amsterdam: North Holland. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Rees, J.A., Alger, B.A.: Transport properties of mass- identified ions in oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Proc. lEE 126, (1979) 356–360.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Huxley, L.G.H., Crompton, R.W.: The diffusion and drift of electrons in gases. New York: Wiley. 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Elford, M.T.: Private communication. 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Hilchenbach, M.: Radioaktive lonenquelle mit Townsend- lawinenverStärkung. Diplomarbeit. Universität Innsbruck. 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Sejkora, G.: Bestimmung transversaler Diffusionskoeffizienten als Funktion der reduzierten Feldstärke. Aufbau einer mikroprozessorgesteuerten Apparatur und Messungen in Argon und Stickstoff. Dissertation. Universität Innsbruck. 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Märk, T.D., Helm, H.: Mass spectrometry as a technique for studying atomic properties of low pressure plasmas (particle extraction and detection system). Acta Physica Austriaca 40, 158–180 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Helm, H., Märk, T.D., Lindinger, W.: Plasma sampling -a versatile tool in plasma chemistry. J. Pure Appi. Chem. 52, 1739–1757 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Grossi, M., Langenwalter, M., Helm, H., Märk, T.D.: Molecular ion formation in decaying plasmas produced in pure argon and krypton, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 1728–1735 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. Wannier, G.H.: Motion of gaseous ions in strong electric fields. Bell Syst. Techn. J. 32, 170–254 (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Varney, R.N., Pal, Märk,T.D.: Properties of the ionic systems N4, O4 and O4 -. Acta Physica Austriaca 38, 287–294 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Rees, J.A.: Transport properties of ions in electronegative gases. Vacuum 24, 603–607 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Naidu, M.S., Prasad, A.N.: Mobility and diffusion of negative ions in sulphur hexafluoride. J. Phys. D3, 951–956 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Märk, E., Märk, T.D. (1984). Transverse Ion Diffusion in Gases. In: Lindinger, W., Märk, T.D., Howorka, F. (eds) Swarms of Ions and Electrons in Gases. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8773-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8773-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-8775-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8773-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics