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Granzen der Chemotherapie

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Zusammenfassung

In diesem Kapitel werden Situationen besprochen, in denen die Chemotherapie als Behandlungsprinzip ihre Grenzen erreicht zu haben scheint. Paradoxerweise haben Chemotherapeutika einige dieser Situationen selbst induziert — zumindest waren sie an ihrer Entstehung wesentlich beteiligt. Zwar hat sich die Prognose einiger maligner Tumoren und Systemerkrankungen durch die cytostatische Behandlung entscheidend verbessert — in diesem Zusammenhang sei hier nur an die akute lymphatische Leukämie, die Lymphogranulomatose, das Chorionepitheliom, das Burkitt-Lymphom, das Ovarialcarcinom und das Mammacarcinom erinnert — jedoch bedeutet eine erfolgreiche cytostatische Therapie immer auch eine Unterdrückung des Immunsystems. Als Folge dieser Immunsuppression sind Individuen, die unter einer cytostatischen Therapie stehen, besonders anfällig für Infektionen mit pyogenen Kokken, gramnegativen Stäbchen und Candida albicans. Die klinische Manifestation sonst inapparenter Virusinfektionen kann sowohl Folge einer cytostatischen Therapie als auch Folge des Grundleidens selbst sein (Herpes Zoster bei der Lymphogranulomatose). Die Antibiotika haben es einerseits ermöglicht, bakterielle Infektionen bei immunologisch kompetenten Individuen erfolgreich und ohne grundsätzliche Schwierigkeiten zu behandeln. Andererseits hat ihr großzügiger, mitunter auch leichtfertiger Einsatz zur Evolution multipel resistenter Bakterienstämme geführt, die, besonders im Krankenhausmilieu — und hier vorzugsweise auf Intensiv- und Verbrennungsstationen — die antibiotische Therapie erschweren oder gar kompromittieren.

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Drews, J. (1979). Granzen der Chemotherapie. In: Grundlagen der Chemotherapie. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8536-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8536-0_8

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