Skip to main content

Abstract

Carbazole (1) was discovered in coal tar by GRAEBE and GLASER in 1872. The major development in the chemistry of carbazoles up to 1920 took place in Europe due to its importance in the European dye stuff industry. The use of vinyl carbazoles and its polymerisation products in industry gave further impetus to the studies of carbazole chemistry in the late thirties. Detailed references on the chemistry of carbazoles are available in previous monographs on the subject (56, 103).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aczel, T., and H. E. Lumpkin: Correlation of Mass Spectrum with Structure in Aromatic Oxygenated Compounds. Anal. Chem. 32, 1819 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Aczel, T., and H. E. Lumpkin: Correlation of Mass Spectra with Structure in Aromatic Oxygenated Compounds: Methyl Substituted Aromatic Acids and Aldehydes. Anal. Chem. 33, 387 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Anwer, F., A. S. Masaldan, R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: Synthesis of Murrayacine; Oxidation with DDQ of the Activated Methyl Group of the Alkaloids of Murraya koenigii Spreng. Indian J. Chem. 11, 1314 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anwer, F., R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: Terpenoid Alkaloids from Murraya Koenigii Spreng. VII: Synthesis of DL-O-Methyl Mahanine and Related Carbazoles. Experientia 28, 769 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bandarnayake, W. M., L. Crombie, and D. A. Whiting: 3-Hydroxy-3-methyll, l-dimethoxybutane, a New Reagent for Dimethylchromenylation. Synthesis of Lonehocarpin, Jacareubin, Evodionol Methyl Ether and Other Chromenes. J. Chem. Soc. (C) 8, 11 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Basu, R.: Electronic Spectra of Carbazole Derivatives. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 44, 580 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bhakuni, D. S., M. L. Dhar, M. M. Dhar, B. N. Dhawan, and B. N. Mehrotra: Screening of Indian plants for Biological activity: Part II. Indian J. Exptl. Biol. 7, 250 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bhattacharyya, P., and D. P. Chakraborty: Murrayanine and Dentatin from Clausena heptaphylla Wt. and Arn. Phytoehemistry 12, 183–1 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bordner, J., D. P. Chakraborty, B. K. Choudhury, S. N. Ganguly, K. C. Das, and B. Weinstein: The X-ray Crystal Structure of Murrayazoline (Mahanimbidine and Currayangin). Experientia 28, 1406 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bowen, E. J., and J. H. D. Eland: Photochemistry of Diphenylamine Solutions. Proc. Chem. Soc. 202 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Büchi, G., and E. W. Warnhoff: The Structure of Uleine: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 4433 (1959). And private communications from G. BüCHI.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Budzikiewiez, H., R. T. Alpin, D. A. Lightner, C. Djerassi, R. Mechoulam, and Y. Gaoni: Massenspektroskopie und ihre Anwendung auf strukturelle und stereochemische Probleme. Massenspektroskopische Untersuchung der Inhaltstoffe von Haschisch. Tetrahedron 21, 1881 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Burnell. R. H., and D: Casa: Alkaloids of Aspidosperma vargasii. Can. J. Chem. 45, 89 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cadogan, J. I. G., and M. Cameronwood: Reaction of Nitrocompounds by Triethylphosphite: A New Cyclisation Reaction. Proc. Chem. Soc. 361 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Campbell, N., and B. M. Barclay: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Carbazole. Chem. Rev. 40, 359 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Carruthers, W.: Photocyclisation of Diphenylamines: Synthesis of Glycozoline. Chem. Commun: 272 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chakraborty, D. P.: Glycozoline, a Carbazole Derivative from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Tetrahedron Letters 661 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chakraborty, D. P.: On the Biogenesis of the Carbazoles of Rutaceae. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 46, 177 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Chakraborty, D. P.: Glycozoline, a Carbazole Derivative from Glycosmis pentaphylla. Phytochem. 8, 769 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chakraborty, D. P., and A. Islam: Synthesis of Girinimbine. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 48, 91 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chakraborty, D. P., A. Islam, and (Miss) M. Sarkar: Iodine-Promoted Thermal Synthesis of Carbazole from Aniline. Proc. of the 5th International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, held at Ljubljana, p. 341 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chakraborty, D. P., A. Islam, and P. Bhattacharyya: Synthesis of Murrayacine. J. Organ. Chem. 38, 2783 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Chakraborty, D. P., A. Islam, S. P. Basak, and R. Das: Murrayazolidine, the First Pentacyclic Carbazole from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Chem. and Ind. (London) 593 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chakraborty, D. P., B. K. Barman, and P. K. Bose: On the Structure of Girinimbine, a Pyranbcarbazole Derivative Isolated from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Science and Cult. (India) 30, 445 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chakraborty, D. P., B. K. Barman, and P. K. Bose: On the Constitution of Murrayanine, a Carbazole Derivative Isolated from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Tetrahedron 21, 681 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chakraborty, D. P., and B. K. Chowdhury: Synthesis of Murrayanine. J. Organ. Chem. 33, 1265 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chakraborty, D. P., and B. P. Das: Glycozolidine, a New Carbazole Derivative from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) DC. Science and Cult. (India) 32, 181 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Chakraborty, D. P., B. P. Das, and S. P. Basak: Structure of Glycozolidine. The Plant Biochemical Journal (India) 1, 73 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chakraborty, D. P., D. Chatterjee, and S. N. Ganguli: Synthesis of Mahanimbine. Chem. and Ind. (London) 1662 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Chakraborty, D. P., J. Dutta, and A. Ghosh: The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Some Simple Carbazole Derivatives. Science and Cult. (India) 31, 529 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chakraborty, D. P., and K. C. Das: Structure of Murrayacine. Chem. Commun. 967 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Chakraborty, D. P., K. C. Das, and B. K. Chowdhury: Synthesis of Glycozoline. Phytochem. 8, 773 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chakraborty, D. P., K. C. Das, and B. K. Chowdhury: Structure of Murrayacine. J. Organ. Chem. 36, 725 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Chakraborty, D. P., K. C. Das and B. P. Das: Paper Chromatographic Separation of Some Carbazole Derivatives. Indian J. Chem. 4, 416 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chakraborty, D. P., K. C. Das, and A. Islam: Heptazoline, a New Carbazole Alkaloid from Clausena heptaphylla Wt. and Arn. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 47, 1197 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chakraborty, D. P., K. C. Das, B. P. Das, and B. K. Chowdhury: On the Antibiotic Properties of some Carbazole Alkaloids. Trans. Bose Res. Inst. 38, 1 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chakraborty, D. P., K. C. Das, and P. K. Bose: Structure of Mahanimbine, a Pyranocarbazole Derivative from Murraya koenigü Spreng. Science and Cult. (India) 32, 83 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Chakraborty, D. P., P. Bhattacharyya, S. Roy, R. Guha, and S. P. Bhattacharyya: Some Minor Carbazole Alkaloids of Murraya koenigii Spreng. Paper presented at the 4th Indo Soviet Symposium of the Chemistry of Natural Products, held in Feb. 1976 at Lucknow (India).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Chakraborty, D. P., P. Bhattacharyya, A. Islam, and S. Roy: Heptazolidine, a Carbazole Alkaloid from Clausena heptaphylla Wt. and Arn. Chem. and Ind. 303 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Chakraborty, D. P., P. Bhattacharyya, and A. R. Mitra: Murrayazolidine. Chem. and Ind. 260 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Chakraborty, D. P., P. Bhattacharyya, and A. R. Mitra: Thermal Synthesis of Glycozoline. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 53, 321 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Chakraborty, D. P., P. Bhattacharyya, A. Islam, and S. Roy: Structure of Murrayacinine, a New Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Chem. and Ind. 165 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Chakraborty, D. P., S. N. Ganguly, P. N. Maji, A. R. Mitra, K. C. Das, and B. Weinstein: Murrayazolinine, a Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Chem. and Ind. 322 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  44. CHAKRABORTY, D. P., and S. ROY: Unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Chowdhury, B. K., and D. P. Chakraborty: Mukoeic Acid, the First Carbazole Carboxylic Acid From Plant Source. Chem. and Ind. 549 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Chowdhury, B. K., and D. P. Chakraborty: Mukoeic Acid, the First Carbazole Carboxylic Acid from Plant Source. Phytochem. 10, 1967 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Clemo, G. R., and D. G. Felton: The Influence of Structure on the UV Absorption Spectra of Heterocyclic Systems. J. Chem. Soc. 1658 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Crombie, L., and R. Ponsford: Synthesis of Hashish Cannabinoids by Terpenic Cyclisation. Chem. Commun. 894 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Crombie, L., D. A. Whiting, D. G. Clarke, and M. J. Begley: The X-ray Structure of Dibromocannabicyclol: Structure of Bicyclomahanimbine. Chem. Commun. 1547 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Crum, J. D., and P. W. Sprague: Synthesis of Murrayanine. Chem. Commun. 417 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Das, K. C, D. P. Chakraborty, and P. K. Bose: Antifungal Activity of Some Constituents of Murray a koenigii Spreng. Experientia 21, 340 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Dreyer, D. L., Michael V. Pickering, and P. Cohan: Distribution of Limonoids in the Rutaceae. Phytochem. 11, 705 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dutta, J., M. Hoque, and D. P. Chakraborty: Thin-layer Chromatography of Carbazole Derivatives. J. Chromatogr. 42, 555 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Dutta, N. L., and C. Quassim: Constituents of Murraya koenigii. Structure of Girinimbine. Indian J. Chem. 7, 307 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Dutta, N. L., C. Quassim, and M. S. Wadia: Constituents of Murraya koenigii, Structure of Curryangin. Indian J. Chem. 7, 1061 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Dutta, N. L., C. Quassim, and M. S. Wadia: Synthesis of Mahanimbine and Curryangin. Indian J. Chem. 7, 1168 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Elderfield, R. C: Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 3, pp.291, 2nd printing 1960. London-New York: J. Wiley and Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Erdtman, H.: In “Perspectives in Phytochemistry” (J. B. Harborne and T. Swain, Eds.), p. 107. New York: Academic Press. Inc. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Gaskell, A. J., and J. A. Joule: Subincanine, a C22-Carbazole Alkaloid. Tetrahedron Letters 77 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Grelman, K. A., G. M. Sherman, and H. Linschitz: Photoconversion of Diphenylamines to Carbazoles and Accompanying Transient Species. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 85, 1881 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Islam, A., P. Bhattacharyya, and D. P. Chakraborty: Thermal Cyclisation of Diphenylamine to Carbazole: Synthesis of Natural Product Glycozolidine. Chem. Commun. 537 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Joshi, B. S., and D. F. Rane: Synthesis of Heptaphylline. Chem. and Ind. 685 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Joshi, B. S., and D. H. Gawad: Isolation and Structure of Indizoline, a New Carbazole Alkaloid from Clausena indica Oliv. Indian J. Chem. 12, 437 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Joshi, B. S., D. Gawad, V. N. Kamat, and T. R. Govtndachari: Structure and Synthesis of Heptaphylline. Phytochem. 11, 2065 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Joshi, B. S., D. H. Gawad, and V. N. Kamat: 6-Methoxyheptaphylline, a New Carbazole Alkaloid from Clausena indica Oliv. Indian J. Chem. 10, 1123 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Joshi, B. S., V. N. Kamat, and D. H. Gawad: On the Structure of Girinimbine, Mahanimbine, Isomahanimbine, Koenimbidine and Murrayacine. Tetrahedron 26, 1475 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Joshi, B. S., V. N. Kamat, A. K. Saksena, and T. R. Govindachari: Structure of Heptaphylline, a Carbazole Alkaloid from Clausena heptaphylla Wt. and Arn. Tetrahedron Letters 4019 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kane, V. V., and R. K. Razdan: Hashish II: Reaction of Substituted Resorcinols with Citral in the Presence of Pyridine — A proposed Mechanism. Tetrahedron Letters 591 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Kapil, R. S.: Carbazole Alkaloids, in Alkaloids, Vol. 13 (R. H. F. Manske, Ed.), pp. 273. New York-London: Academic Press, Inc. 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kirtikar, K. R., and B. D. Basu: Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, p. 472, Basu, Allahabad, India (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Kureel, S. P., R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: New Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Experientia 25, 790 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kureel, S. P., R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: The Synthesis of (±) Mahanimbine and Bicyclomahanimbine. Chem. Commun. 1120 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kureel, S. P., R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: Terpenoid Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii Spreng-11. The Constitution of Cyclomahanimbine, Bicyclomahanimbine and Mahanimbidine. Tetrahedron Letters 3857 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Kureel, S. P., R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: Terpenoid Alkaloids and Synthesis of Mahanimbine. Experientia 26, 1055 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kureel, S. P., R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: Two Novel Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii. Mahanimbicine and Bicyclomahanimbicine. Chem. and Ind. 958 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Kureel, S. P., R. S. Kapil, and S. P. Popli: Synthesis of Koenine, Koenimbine and Girinimbine. Chem. and Ind. 1262 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Littell, R., G. O. Morton, and G. R. Allen, JR.: Observation on the Mechanism of the Nenitzescu Indole Synthesis and its Utilisation for the Preparation of Carbazoles. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 17, 3740 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Marinibettolo, G. B., and J. Schmutz: Zur Konstitution der Alkaloide Olivacin Guatambuin und U-Alkaloid. Helv. Chim. Acta 42, 2146 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Martin, R. H., N. Defay, and F. Geerisirvard: Applications de la spectrographie de résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) dans le domaine des dérives polycycliques — a caractère aromatique XL. Tetrahedron 21, 2421 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Mclafferty, F. W., and R. S. Gohelle: Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Aromatic Acids and Esters. Anal. Chem. 31, 2076 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Mechoulam, R., and Y. Gaoni: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Hashish. Fortschr. Chem. Organ. Naturstoffe 25, 175 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Narasimhan, N. S., M. V. Paradkar, and A. M. Gokhale: Synthesis of Girinimbine and (±) Mahanimbine. Tetrahedron Letters 1605 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Narasimhan, N. S., M. V. Paradhkar, and S. L. Kelkar: Alkaloids of Murraya koenigii. Structure of Mahanine, Koenine, Koenigine, and Koenidine. Indian J. Chem. 8, 473 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Narasimhan, N. S., M. V. Paradhkar, and V. P. Chitguppi; Structures of Mahanimbine and Koenimbine. Tetrahedron Letters 5502 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Narashimhan, N. S., M. V. Paradkar, V. P. Chitguppi, and S. L. Kelkar: Alkaloids of Murraya koenigii: Structures of Mahanimbine, Koenimbine, Mahanine, Koeniginine, Koenine and (±) Isomahanimbine. Indian J. Chem. 13, 993 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Patterson, A. M., and L. T. Capell: The Ring Index, p. 229, No. 1675. New York: Reinhold. 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Pausacker, K. H., and R. Robinson: Strychnine and Brucine. Degradation of the Strychnineacetic Acid Prepared from Pseudostrychnine. J. Chem. Soc. 1557 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Phillips, R. R.: Organic Reactions, Vol. 10, p. 143 (edited by R. Adams). New York: J. Wiley and Sons. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Polonsky, J.: Structures du Calophyllolide de l’nophyllolide et de l’Acide Calophyllique. VI — Synthèse du Dihydroinophyllolide et de l’Acide Dihydrocalophyllique. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 929 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Pullman, B., and A. Pullman: In Quantum Biochemistry, p. 325.New York-London: Interscience Publishers. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Raley, J. H., R. D. Mullineaux, and C. W. Bittner: High Temperature Reactions of Iodine with Hydrocarbons. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 85, 3174 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Ramsay, M. V. J., W. D. Ollis, and I. O. Sutherland: The Constitution of Gambogic Acid. Tetrahedron 21, 1453 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Reynolds, R., L. L. Larry, and R. F. Nelson: Electrochemical Generation of Carbazoles from Aromatic Amines. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 96, 1087 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Richards, R. E.: Infrared Spectrum and Structural Diagnosis: Substituted Carbazoles. J. Chem. Soc. 778 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Robinson, B.: Fischer Indole Synthesis. Chem. Rev. 63, 373 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Roy, S., and D. P. Chakraborty: DDQ as a Spray Reagent for Carbazoles, J. Chromatogr. 96, 266 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Roy, S., and D. P. Chakraborty: Murrayacine from Clausena heptaphylla. Phytochem. 15, 356 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Roy, S., and D. P. Chakraborty: Mahanimbine from Murraya koenigii Spreng. Phytochem. 13, 2893 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Roy, S., P. Bhattacharyya, and D. P. Chakraborty: 3-Methyl Carbazole from Clausena heptaphylla. Phytochem. 13, 1017 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Schmutz, J., and F. Hunzicker: Alkaloids of Aspidosperma olivaceum. Pharm. Acta Helv. 33, 341 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Schmutz, J., F. Hunzicker, and R. Hirt: Ulein, das Hauptalkaloid von Aspidosperma ulei. Aspidosperma-Alkaloid, I. Mitteilung. Helv. Chim. Acta 40, 1189 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Stahl, E.: Thin-layer Chromatography, A Laboratory Handbook, p. 500. London: G. Allen and Unwin Ltd.; Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Stevens, T. S.: In Chemistry of Carbon Compounds (E. H. Rodd, ed.), Vol. IVA, pp. 120. Elsevier Publishing Co. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Sumpter, W. C., and F. M. Miller: In Heterocyclic Compounds with Indole and Carbazole System, pp. 70. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Valenta, Z.: Zinc Dust Distillation in Technique of Organic Chemistry (A. Weissberger, ed.), Vol. XI, p. 643. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Waterman, H. C, and D. L. Vivian: Direct Ring-Closure Through a Nitro Group in Certain Aromatic Compounds with the Formation of Nitrogen Heterocycles: A New Reaction. J. Organ. Chem. 14, 289 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Willhalm, B., A. F. Thomas, and F. Gautschi: Mass Spectra and Organic Analysis-II. Mass Spectra of Aromatic Ethers in Which the Oxygen Forms Part of a Ring. Tetrahedron 20, 1185 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chakraborty, D.P. (1977). Carbazole Alkaloids. In: Herz, W., Grisebach, H., Kirby, G.W. (eds) Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol 34. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8476-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8476-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-8478-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8476-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics