Skip to main content

Abstract

Observations of Star Fields Made Beyond the Atmosphere. It is important in astrophysics to measure the brightness of comparatively large star fields, taking measurements simultaneously in the ultraviolet and the visible part of the spectrum beyond the Earth’s atmosphere.

From measurements of the sky background it is also possible to draw conclusions about the brightness of the interplanetary dust, and the possibility of discovering stars and nebulae too faint to be observed from the Earth.

Such measurements can be made by means of a wide-angled photoelectric photometer, with a field of vision of approximately 0.1 steradian.

We made the first experiment by installing, on the artificial satellite “Kosmos-51”, a photometer with an angle of vision of ~20° measuring the brightness of the sky in three parts of the spectrum — 3700–5500 Å, 2200–3000 Å and 1260–1300 Å. Measurements of this last named part of the spectrum were recorded during the first few revolutions only, measurements of the first two parts for the duration of a month.

The following provisional deductions can be made:

Firstly, the smallest value for the brightness of the sky, according to measurements taken in the visible part of the spectrum, is approximately 30 % of the brightness observed from the Earth — in other words, the value is rather higher than was expected. It should be noted in this connexion that for measurements during flight, calibrations were made fairly frequently from a radioactive luminophore.

Secondly, there are substantial fluctuations of the ultraviolet color-index in some parts of the sky.

Résumé

Observation des champs stellaires hors de l’atmosphère. La possibilité de faire, hors de l’atmosphère terrestre, et simultanément dans le visible et l’ultraviolet, la mesure de la luminance de champs stellaires relativement grands présente de l’intérêt pour l’astrophysique.

Les mesures sur le fond du ciel permettent de tirer des conclusions sur la luminance des poussières interplanétaires et sur les possibilités de découvrir des étoiles et des nébuleuses plus faibles que celles observables sur terre.

La réalisation des ces mesures est possible utilisant un photomètre photoélectrique de très grand angle, dont le champ d’ouverture est de l’ordre de 0,1 stéradian.

Comme première expérience, nous avons installé sur le satellite artificiel de la terre Kosmos 51 un photomètre d’angle d’ouverture “environ 20°” mesurant la luminance du ciel dans trois domaines du spectre — 3700–5500 Å, 2200–3000 Å et 1260–1300 Å. Le dernier domaine du spectre a été enregistré pendant les premières révolutions, les autres pendant un mois.

Les résultats obtenus permettent de donner les conclusions suivantes:

Permièrement, la luminance ininimale du ciel, d’après les mesures dans la partie visible du spectre, représente environ 30 % de la luminance qu’on obtient de la terre, c’est-à-dire qu’elle excède un peu celle qu’on peut attendre. On peut mentionner ici que les mesures en cours de vol s’accompagnèrent de réglages assez fréquents à l’aide d’un photophore radioactif.

Deuxièmement, on observe des fluctuations importantes de l’indice de couleur ultraviolet dans certaines régions du ciel.

Резюме

Внeатмoсфeрныe наблюдeния звeздных пoлeй. Для астрoфизики прeдставляeт интeрeс измeрeниe свeтимoсти сравнитeльнo бoльших звeздных пoлeй, прoвoдимoe oднoврeмeннo в ультрафиoлeтoвoй и видимoй части спeктра внe атмoсфeры Зeмли.

Измeрeниe фoна нeба пoзвoляeт такжe сдeлать заключeниe o свeтимoсти мeжпланeтнoй пылeвoй сoставляющeй и o вoзмoжнoсти oбнаружeния звeзд и туманнoстeй бoлee слабых чeм наблюдаeмыe с Зeмли.

Oсущeствлeниe таких измeрeний вoзмoжнo при испoльзoвании дажe вeсьма ширoкoугoльнoгo фoтoэлeктричeскoгo фoтoмeтра с пoлeм зрeния пoрядка 0,1 стeрадиана.

В качeствe пeрвoгo oпыта нами был устанoвлeн на искусствeннoм спутникe Зeмли „Кoсмoс-51” фoтoмeтр с углoм зрeния ~ 20°, измeряющий свeтимoсть нeба в трeх oбластях спeктра 3.700–5.500 А, 2.200–3.000 А и 1.260–1.300 А. Пoслeдняя oбласть спeктра рeгистрирoвалась в тeчeниe нeскoльких пeрвых виткoв, а oстальныe в тeчeниe мeсяца.

Пoлучeнныe данныe пoзвoляют сдeлать прeдваритeльнo слeдующиe заключeния: вo-пeрвых, наимeньшая свeтимoсть нeба пo измeрeниям в видимoй части спeктра сoставляeт oкoлo 30 прoц. свeтимoсти, наблюдаeмoй с Зeмли, т.e. нeскoлькo прeвышаeт oжидаeмую. Oтмeтим здeсь, чтo измeрeния в пoлeтe прoвoдились с дoстатoчнo частoй калибрoвкoй oт радиoактивнoгo люминoфoра, кoтoрый в свoю oчeрeдь был oткалибрoван пo свeчeнию нoчнoгo нeба с Зeмли.

Вo-втoрых, наблюдаются значитeльныe флуктуации ультрафиoлeтoвoгo кoлoр-индeкса в нeкoтoрых oбластях нeба.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Reference

  1. C. W. Allen, Astrophys. Quantities 125, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1966 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dimov, N.A., Severny, A.B. (1966). Observations of Star Fields Made Beyond the Atmosphere. In: Malina, F.J. (eds) Proceedings of the First Lunar International Laboratory (LIL) Symposium Research in Geosciences and Astronomy. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8153-9_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8153-9_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-8155-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8153-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics