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Active Centres from the Point of View of Kinetics

Aktive Zentren vom Standpunkt der Reaktionskinetik

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Book cover Fünfter Band: Heterogene Katalyse II

Abstract

The strong unbalanced fields of force existing at the surface of solids, give such surfaces different physical properties from those possessed by matter in bulk. The forces themselves may be partially electrostatic or electromagnetic in origin according to classical theory, but according to the wave mechanics larger forces may come into play in suitable circumstances which have their origin in wave mechanical resonance1. The first fields of force are in general, however, only sufficient to account for phenomena which occur with energy changes of the order of magnitude of heats of vaporisation. It is in the fields of force of higher orders of magnitude such as exist in chemical compounds that heterogeneous catalysis occurs. The unimolecular nature of the adsorbed film in which reaction occurs is well established, and powerful direct methods are available for examination1 of adsorbed films. The abnormal nature of the fields of force necessary for catalysis suggests at once that such fields only occur exceptionally on the catalyst surface, and that the bulk of the surface is only very very slightly, if at all, active. These minute areas are known as the active centres of the catalyst surface, and in the main evidence which has accumulated since the suggestions of Armstrong and Hilditch 2 in 1922 has served to confirm the existence of such centres, and to explain qualitatively and quantitatively many otherwise puzzling occurances. It is to be noted that Taylor 3 in 1925 collected together the then available evidence, and made out a strong case from the effects of the poisoning and sintering of catalysts on adsorption and reaction velocity. Direct visual evidence has later been obtained by Johnson and Shockley 4 of the existence of active centres in the adsorption of thorium, cesium, and potassium on tungsten by use of the electron microscope.

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  1. Istanbul, Turkey

    F. H. Constable

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  1. F. H. Constable
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J. Block P. Brovetto F. H. Constable A. G. Nasini G. Natta H. Noller R. Rigamonti G. Saini

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© 1957 Springer-Verlag in Vienna

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Constable, F.H. (1957). Active Centres from the Point of View of Kinetics. In: Block, J., et al. Fünfter Band: Heterogene Katalyse II. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8040-2_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8040-2_2

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