Abstract
The group of Columbia SK (Col SK) viruses, so designated after the name of the member of this group first isolated, are relative newcomers in the field of viral agents. Following discovery of the Col SK strain in 1940 other immuno-logically similar strains of this virus (MM, EMC, Mengo, F, Ortlieb, AK, etc.) have been isolated from time to time in various parts of the world; if the demonstration of specific antibodies is a reliable criterion of infection, their occurrence may even be said to approach world-wide distribution. Despite intensive studies the role of these viruses as humanpathogenic agents is still obscure and most of the information pertaining to them is based on data derived from animal experimentation. Thus, the synonyms listed in the subtitle refer essentially to pathological responses in Laboratory hosts rather than to a well-defined clinical syndrome in man. From a standpoint of taxonomy, the Col SK group of viruses should be classified between the Coxsackie viruses and the poliomyelitis viruses since all three have the same basic morphological characteristics and share similar cell tropisms. The group is unrelated to the arthropod-borne encephalo-myelitis viruses, not only because of differences in viral particle size but also because Col SK virus does not multiply in the infected insect. As experimental agents they are extremely useful in view of their uniform and high virulence, by central or peripheral routes, for a number of rodents, chiefly cotton rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs, as well as for certain primates. For this reason they have often been employed as a convenient model infection in the study of poliomyelitis problems, both for investigations on the mechanism of pathogenesis of viral infection and for screening programs in the search for effective antiviral chemotherapeutic substances. In fact, looking retrospectively, it becomes apparent that many of the cardinal recent advances in poliomyelitis research have had their forerunners in similar observations with the Col SK group of viruses. We are referring here: a) to recognition of the pathway of infection from the alimentary tract to the bloodstream and thence to skeletal and cardiac muscle, or to the central nervous system; b) to the demonstration of the ability of the virus to multiply in extraneural tissues in vivo as well as in tissue culture media. With respect to tissue tropism, these viruses are, therefore, essentially pantropic, covering the entire range of the neurotropic-viscerotropic spectrum. In the biological sense, they form an intermediate link in the evolution from the obligate rodent-pathogenic viruses to the more or less obligate human-pathogenic viral forms. Because of these unique properties, and also because of the relative scarcity of their actual isolation from man or animals, the question may well be raised whether they represent, in effect, an autochthonic viral entity with a sharply defined epidemiology, or whether they should possibly be regarded as transient mutants or variants in a phylogenetic developmental cycle of the poliomyelitis viruses from rodents to man. (See section on classification.)
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Bibliography
Ainslie, J. G.: The growth curve of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in mice; The effect of sodium monofluoracetate and methionins sulfoximine on the early phases of growth of the virus. J. Exp. Med. 95, 9 (1952).
Allen, F. M.: Experiments with collodion capsules for immunization against poliomyelitis and other infections. Arch. Ped. 71, 252, 274 (1954).
d’Ambrosio, G. and A. M. Piazza: Sulla presenza nelle saliva di sogetti sani e poliomielitici di un fattore capace de distruggere i ricetorri delle emazie per il virus Columbia SK. Igiene Mod. 48, 806 (1955).
Anderson, J. A.: The influence of various hormones on the resistance of Swiss mice to adapted poliomyelitis virus. Rocky Mt. Conf. Infant. Paral. Univ. of Colorado, 1946, p. 130.
Anderson, J. A. and V. Bolin: The influence of various hormones on the resistance of Swiss mice to adapted poliomyelitis virus. Endocrinology 39, 67 (1946).
— Congenital antiviral immunity in Swiss mice. Am. J. Hyg. 50, 200 (1950).
Angevine, D. M. and J. Fuerth: A fatal disease of middle-aged mice characterized by myocarditis associated with hemorrhage in the pleural cavity. Am. J. Path. 19, 187 (1943).
Armstrong, C. H.: Successful transfer of Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus from the cotton rat to the white mouse. Pub. Health Rep. 54, 2302 (1939).
Aronson. S. M. and G. Shwartzman: (1) Pathology of muscle changes in experimental poliomyelitis enhanced with aid of cortisone. Arch. Path. 56, 557 (1953).
— (2) The histopathology of brown fat in experimental poliomyelitis. Am. J. Path. 32, 315 (1956).
Aycock, W. L.: (1) Nature of autarceologic susceptibility to poliomyelitis. Am. J. Pub. Health 27, 575 (1937).
— (2) A subclinical endocrinopathy as a factor in autarceologic susceptibility to poliomyelitis. Endocrinology 27, 49 (1940).
de Baan, P.: Hemagglutie door neurotrope virussorten. Proefschrift, Leiden, 1950.
de Baan, P., J. D. Verlinde and P. Waller-Fetter: Studies on hemagglutination by the EMC-MM-Col SK group of viruses. I. Factors influencing the hemagglutination reaction. Ant. v. Leeuwenhoek, 17, 119 (1951).
Barski, G. et Fr. Cornefert: Interférence de la ribonucléase avec la multiplication du virus poliomyélitique en cultures cellulaires in vitro. Ann. Inst. Past. 91, 810 (1956).
Barski, G. et M. Lamy: Étude en cultures cellulaires du virus encéphalomyélitique “Mengo”. Ann. Inst. Past. 89, 318 (1955).
Battro, A., R. Cibile-Aguirre and J. C. Mendy: Estudio electrocardiografico en la enfermedad de Heine Medin. Ann. Inst. Inv. fis apl. a la pat. human 5, 7 (1943).
Bauer, D. J.: (1) Metabolic aspects of virus multiplication. The Nature of Virus Multiplication. Univ. Press. Cambridge, 1953.
— (2) The antiviral and synergic actions of isatin thiosemicarbazone and certain phenoxypyrimidines in vaccinia infection. Br. J. Exp. Path. 36, 105 (1955).
Bautista, G. y C. W. Jungeblut: Resistencia a la infecciòn experimental poliomielitica en hamsters voncalecientes de infecciòn por Col SK. Medicina, Revista Mexicana, 37, 73 (1957).
Bautista, G., C. W. Jungeblut and Helen Kodza: (1) Experiments on adsorption in vitro of Type II poliomyelitis virus on red cells. J. Immunol. 77; 242 (1956).
— — — (2) Cross protection between Col SK virus and MEF virus infection in hamsters. J. Inf. Dis. 1957, in print.
Behrend, B. Ch.: Die sogenannten Poliomyelitiden. Eine Übersicht über die Erforschung der Heine-Medin’schen Krankheit in den Jahren 1940–1952. Fortschr. Neurol. 20, 493 (1952).
Beller, K. und W. Keller: Zur Ätiologie akut entzündlicher Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems, im besonderen der Poliomyelitis. Klin. Woch. 37, 422 (1949).
Bengtsson, E. and T. Johnsson: Electrocardiographic changes in acute anterior poliomyelitis. Second. Internat. Poliomyelitis Conf. Copenhagen, 1952, p. 396; Cardiologia 20, 65 (1952).
Berger, E. und F. Roulet: Beiträge zur Ausscheidung und Tierpathogenität des Coxsackievirus. Schweiz. Zeitschr. allg. Path. & Bakt. 15, 462 (1952).
Bergey, D.H.: Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, edited by R. S. Breed, E. G. D. Murray and A. P. Hitchens. Ed. 6. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1948.
Betke, K. und R. Gaedeke: Zytologische und histologische Untersuchungen über retikuläre Gewebsreaktionen bei experimenteller Infektion mit Viren der EMC-Gruppe. 3. Int. Kongreß. Europ. Ges. Haematologie, Rom, 1951.
Betke, K. und J. Harms: Das klinische Syndrom “Encephalomyokarditis”. Arch. Kinderhk. 146, 6 (1953).
Betke, K. und H. Kaiser: Epidemische Häufung von Erkrankungen mit enzaphalitischem Symptomenbild in Südbaden 1951. Monatschr. Kinderhk. 100, 392 (1952).
Bieling, R.: (1) Weitere Untersuchungen über virusbedingte Enzephalomyelitis des Menschen. Österreich. Mikrobiol. Tagung, Salzburg, 1950.
— (2) Viruserkrankungen des Nervensystems. Die Biologie der Viruskrankheiten. Dtsch. Zeitschr. Nervenhk. 167, 516 (1952).
— (3) Neuere Ergebnisse bei Studien über Ätiologie and Pathogenese von Infektionskrankheiten. Wien. Klin. Woch. 64, 1 (1952).
— (4) Systematische und ätiologische Untersuchungen auf dem Virusgebiet. Wien. Klin. Woch. 64, 481 (1952).
— (5) Weitere Untersuchungen über virusbedingte Enzephalomyelitis des Menschen. Wien. Med. Woch. 102, 106 (1952).
Bieling, R. und F. Koch: (1) Virusbedingte Encephalomyelitiden. Marburg. Med. Gesellschft., 1949.
— (2) Versuch einer Differentialdiagnose der abakteriellen Meningitis. Zeitschr. Kinderhk. 72, 85 (1952).
— (3) Über die Bedeutung des Columbia-SK-Virus in der humanen Pathologie. Dtsch. Med. Woch. 81, 294 (1956).
Bieter, R. N. and H. N. Wright: Experimental chemotherapy of poliomyelitis. First Internat. Poliomyelitis Conf. New York, 1949, p. 276.
Bingel, K. F. und H. Engelhardt: (1) Möglichkeiten und Aussichten einer Expositionsprophylaxe bei der Poliomyelitis. Klin. Woch. 31, 683 (1953).
— (2) Experimentelle Studien zur Expositionsprophylaxe der Poliomyelitis. I. Desinfektion der Ausscheidungen Kranker. Zeitschr. Hyg. 138, 101 (1953).
— (3) Experimentelle Studien zur Expositionsprophylaxe der Poliomyelitis. II. Verhalten des Col-SK-Virus in Abwässern, Staub und Boden. Zeitschr. Hyg. 138, 108 (1953).
Bingel, K. F. und H. Engelhardt: Experimentelle Studien zur Expositionsprophylaxe der Poliomyelitis. III. Möglichkeiten der Unschädlichmachung des Virus auf Lebensmitteln mittels Hitze. Zeitschr. Hyg. 138, 118 (1953).
Blattner, R. J.: Encephalomyocarditis. J. Ped. 42, 267 (1953).
Boncek, R. J., A. A. Bailey, H. B. Burchell and J. E. Edwards: Myocardial disease in acute poliomyelitis. Proc. Staff Meeting Mayo Clinic 24, 495 (1949).
Bourdillon, J.: (1) Purification, sedimentation and serological reactions of the murine strain of SK poliomyelitis virus. Arch. Biochem. 3, 285 (1944).
— (2) Heat inactivation of the murine strain of SK poliomyelitis virus. Arch. Biochem. 3, 299 (1944).
Bourdillon, J. and D. H. Moore: Attempts at purification of a murine strain of human poliomyelitis virus. Science 96, 541 (1942).
Bowden, R. E. M.: Some recent studies of skeletal muscle in anterior poliomyelitis and other neuromuscular disorders of man and the experimental-animal. Second. Internat. Poliomyelitis Conf. Copenhagen, 1952.
Bradford, H. A. and L. L. Anderson: Electrocardiographs observations during a poliomyelitis epidemic. Ann. Int. Med. 32, 270 (1950).
Bremer, A.: (1) Action des immunsérums sur l’agglutination des globules rouges de mouton par le virus poliomyélitique (souches MM et SK). C. R. Soc. Biol. 143, 883, (1949).
— (2) Recherches sur l’agglutination des hématies par les souches murines de virus poliomyélitique. Ann. Inst. Past. 80, 40 (1951).
Bremer, A. et W. Mutsaars: Agglutination des globules rouges de mouton par le virus de la poliomyélite (souche Lansing). C. R. Soc. Biol. 142, 1194 (1948).
Brenning, R.: Encephalomyocarditis acuta. A disease sui generis? Upsala laekaref. foerh. 56, 51 (1951).
Brown, C. G.: The influence of chemicals on the propagation of poliomyelitis virus in tissue culture. J. Immunol. 96, 441 (1952).
Brown, C. G. and W. W. Ackermann: Effect of DL-ethionine on poliomyelitis virus growth in tissue culture. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 77, 362 (1951).
Brown, G. C., D. E. Craig and A. Kandel: Effect of benzimidazole on experimental poliomyelitis in mice and monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 83, 408 (1953).
Brown, G. C. and T. Francis jr.: Studies on the relation of wild rats to poliomyelitis. J. Inf. Dis. 81, 55 (1947).
Brutsaert, P., C. W. Jungeblut and A. Knox: (1) Attempts to propagate murine poliomyelitis virus on various intestinal bacteria and protozoa. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 61, 265 (1946).
— (2) Attempts to adapt murine poliomyelitis virus to the chick. J. Ped. 29, 350 (1946).
Burnet, F. M., J. F. McCrea and J. D. Stone: Modification of human red cells by virus action. I. The receptor gradient for virus action on human red cells. Br. J. Exp. Path. 27, 228 (1946).
Burnet, F. M. and J. D. Stone: The receptor-destroying enzyme of V. Cholerae. Austral. J. Exp. Biol. and Med. Sc. 25, 227 (1947).
Burnet, M. F.: Virus classification and nomenclature. Ann. New York Acad. Science 56, 383 (1953).
Burrows, M. T.: Is poliomyelitis a disease of the lymphatic system? Arch. Int. Med. 48, 33 (1931).
Cabasso, V. J., M. R. Hebbins, R. M. Dutcher, A. W. Moyerand and H. R. Cox: Poliomyelitis. III. Propagation of MEF strain of poliomyelitis virus in developing chick embryo by allantoic cavity inoculation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 81, 525 (1952).
Carey, E. J.: (1) Morphologic effects of poliomyelitis virus upon motor end plates in the monkey. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 53, 3 (1943).
— (2) Studies on ameboid motion and secretion of motor end plates. IV. Anatomic effects of poliomyelitis on the neuro-muscular mechanism in the monkey. Am. J. Path. 20, 961 (1944).
Casals, J.: Viruses: The versatile parasites. I. The arthropod-borne group of animal viruses. Transact. N. Y. Acad. Sc. 19, 219 (1957).
Casals, J. and P. Olitzky: The adaptation of poliomyelitis virus, Lansing strain, to newborn mice and the use of their central nervous tissues for preparation of complement-fixing antigen. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 4, 452 (1951).
Chambers, V. C, W. M. Smith and C. A. Evans: (1) Growth of neurotropic viruses in extraneural tissues. II. MM virus in various tissues of hamsters and mice. J. Immunol. 65, 605 (1950).
— (2) Neurotropic viruses in extraneural tissues. III. MM virus in human and murine testicular tissues. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 76, 213 (1951).
Cheever, F. S., J. B. Daniels, A. M. Pappenheimer and O. T. Bailey: A murine virus (JHM) causing disseminated encephalomyelitis with extensive destruction of myelin. I. Isolation and biological properties of the virus. J. Exp. Med. 90, 181 (1949).
Cheever, F. S., J. B. Daniels and E. F. Hersey: A viral agent isolated from a case of nonparalytic poliomyelitis and pathogenic for suckling mice: Its possible relation to the Coxsackie group of viruses. J. Exp. Med. 92, 153 (1950).
Chiari, H.: Zur Kenntnis der Enzephalomyokarditis. Wien. Klin. Woch. 64, 653 (1952).
Chu, H. P.: The agglutination of spermatozoa by viruses of influenza, mumps and Newcastle Disease. Proc. VI. Internat. Microbiol. Congress, Rome, 1953, p. 20.
Chumakov, M. P., M. K. Voroshilova, V. I. Chevandrova, L. L. Miranova, F. G. Itselis and I. A. Eobinson: Videleni i isochenie IV immunologicheskogo tipo virusa poliomielitica. (Isolation and study of poliomyelitis virus Type IV.) Voprosi Virusologii, 1, 16, 1956.
Ciaccio, G.: (1) La conservation des virus sur des hôtes non habituels: Amphibiens et hirudinees, Giorn. Ital. di Chemoterap. 2, 3 (1955).
— (2) Le virus Columbia SK peut se conserver sur Tenebrio Molitor et sur Bombyx Mori. Bull. Soc. Path, exotique 48, 308 (1955).
— (3) Osservazione sul comportamento del virus Columbia SK nel topo. Giornal. Microbiol. 6, 506, 1956.
Ciaccio, G., G. Gasparini and N. Ercoli: The effects of vital dyes upon experimental foot and mouth virus infection of guinea pigs. J. Immunol. 72, 299 (1954).
Cochran, K. W., G. C. Brown and T. Francis: Antiviral action of a mold filtrate on experimental poliomyelitis in cynomolgus monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 85, 104 (1954).
Cochran, K. W. and T. Francis: Antiviral action of helenine on experimental poliomyelitis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 92, 230 (1956).
Cohen, S.: Effect of viruses on pertussis infection in mice. Sixth Internat. Congr. Microbiology 3, 14, Rome, 1953.
Collier, W. A.: Die Epidemiologie der Parapoliomyelitisgruppe. Zeitschr. Tropenmed. & Parasitenk. 6, 243 (1955).
Cox, H. R., H. Koprowski, A. W. Moyer, G. K. Sharpless and S. C. Wong: Failure of phenosulfazole (Darvisul) in treating experimental viral infections. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 70, 530 (1949).
Crefeld V. S., and H. de Jager: Myocarditis in newborns, caused by Coxsackie virus. Clinical and Pathological Data. Ann. Paedit. 187, 100 (1956).
Curley, F. J. and J. E. Gordon: Immunization of young mice with unmodified MM mouse encephalomyelitis virus under passive protection from immune mothers. Am. J. Hyg. 48, 81 (1948).
Dalldorf, G.: (1) Studies on the sparing effect of lymphocytic choriomeningitis on experimental poliomyelitis; effect on the infectivity of monkey tissues. J. Immunol. 37, 245 (1939).
— (2) Method of ultraviolet irradiation of virus to produce a vaccine. Ann. Eep. Div. Lab. & Res. N. Y. State Dept. of Health, Albany, 1948.
— (3) The sparing effect of Coxsackie virus infection on experimental poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 94, 65 (1951).
— (4) Ann. Rep. Div. Lab. & Res. N. Y. State Dept. of Health, Albany, 1952.
— (5) Neuropathogenicity of Group A Coxsackie viruses. J. Exp. Med. 106, 69, (1957).
Dalldorf, G. and E. Gifford: Susceptibility of gravid mice to Coxsackie virus. J. Exp. Med. 99, 21 (1954).
Dalldorf, G. and E. Whitney: (1) A further interference in experimental poliomyelitis. Science 98, 477 (1943).
Dalldorf, G. and E. Whitney: (2) Immunologic relationship of MM, Lansing poliomyelitis and mouse encephalomyelitis viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 59, 150 (1945).
Daniels, J. B., A. M. Pappenheimer and S. Richardson: Observations on encephalomyelitis of mice (DA strain). J. Exp. Med. 96, 517 (1952).
Davies, W. L., W. L. Pond, S. C. Smith, A. F. Rasmussen, C. A. Elvehjem and P. F. Clark: The effect of certain amino acid deficiencies on Lansing poliomyelitis in mice. J. Bact. 64, 571 (1952).
Davies, W. L., S. C. Smith, W. L. Pond, A. J. Rasmussen and P. F. Clark: Effect of dietary restriction on susceptibility of mice to infection with Theiler’s GD VII virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med. 72, 528 (1949).
Dean, D. J.: The response of certain domestic animals to injections of Coxsackie, MM and Theiler viruses. Ann. Rep. Div. Lab. & Res. N. Y. State Dept. of Health. Albany, 1951, p. 10.
Deibel, R. S.: Das Verhalten der heterophilen Hammelblutagglutinine in menschlichen Seren bei entzündlichen abakteriellen Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems. Zeitschr. Kinderhk. 72, 476 (1953).
Denst, J. and K. T. Neuburger: A histologic study of muscles and nerves in poliomyelitis. Am. J. Path. 26, 863 (1950).
Dick, G. W. A.: (1) Mengo-encephalomyelitis virus. Pathogenicity for animals and physical properties. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 29, 559 (1948).
— (2) The relationship of Mengo-encephalitis, Eneephalomyocarditis, Columbia SK and MM viruses. J. Immunol. 62, 375 (1949).
— (3) Cultivation of Mengo-encephalomyelitis virus in the embryonated hen egg. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 73, 77 (1950).
— (4) Epidemiological notes on some viruses isolated in Uganda. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 47, 13 (1953).
Dick, G. W. A., A. M. Best, A. J. Haddow and K. C. Smithburn: Mengo-encephalitis, a hitherto unknown virus affecting man. Lancet 255, 286 (1948).
Dick, G. W. A., K. C. Smithburn and A. J. Haddow: Mengo-encephalomyelitis virus. Isolation and immunological properties. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 29, 547 (1948).
Drees, O.: Experimentelle Beiträge zur Desinfektionsmittelprüfung bei Poliomyelitis. I. Methodik und Auswertung von Suspensionsversuchen. Zentralbl. Bakt. 166, 528 (1956).
Eagle, H., K. Habel, W. P. Rowe and R. J. Huebner: Viral susceptibility of a human carcinoma cell (strain KB). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 91, 361 (1956).
Ehrich, W. and C. Foster: Experimental poliomyelitis in mice. Observations on its genesis and on the histological changes. Arch. Path. 38, 365 (1944).
Enright, J. B. and E.W. Schultz: Further observations on the cultivation of strains of poliomyelitis virus in developing eggs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 66, 541 (1947).
Eschenbrenner, A. B.: The pathology of Typ I poliomyelitis in the mouse. Am. J. Path. 32, 335, 1956.
Evans, C. A. and V. C. Chambers: Growth of neurotropic viruses in extraneural tissues. I. MM virus in the feet of hamsters. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 68, 436 (1948).
Fabiyi, A.: Propagation of a virus of the eneephalomyocarditis group in roller tube cultures of mouse testicular tissue. Experientia 9, 156 (1955).
Fastier, L. B.: (1) Studies on hemagglutination with the GD VII strain of murine encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 65, 323 (1950).
— (2) Factors involved in hemagglutination by the GD VII strain of murine encephalomyelitis virus. J. Immunol. 66, 365 (1951).
Findlay, G. M. and E. M. Howard: (1) Virus exaltation. Br. J. Exp. Path. 31, 45 (1950).
— (2) Observations on Col SK virus. J. Path. 63, 435 (1951).
— (3) The effect of cortisone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone on poliomyelitis and on other virus infections. J. Pharm. 4, 37 (1952).
Firpi, M. A., F. J. Murphy, V. J. Walsh and W. S. Anderson: Survey of poliomyelitis cases for 1948. Clin. Proc. Child. Hosp. (Washington, D.C.) 5, 239 (1949).
Fishgold, J. T.: Reduced capacity of brain homogenates from mice infected with Col SK and ectromelia viruses to reduce triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Fed. Proc. 10, 294 (1951).
Fleisher, M. S.: The effect of various dyes in vitro and in vivo upon influenza virus infection. J. Immunol. 62, 245 (1949).
Foley, G. E. and W. L. Aycock: Alterations in the autarceologic susceptibility of the mouse to experimental poliomyelitis by estrogenic substances. Endocrinology 37, 245 (1945).
Foster, C. and W. Ehrich: Demonstration of the lesion produced by experimental poliomyelitis in the central nervous system of the mouse. Arch. Path. 37, 264 (1944).
Francis, T. and G. Brown: Evaluation of the effect of darvisul upon infection with SK-strain of virus in mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 70, 535 (1949).
Francis, T. and L. W. Chu: The interaction in vitro between poliomyelitis virus and nervous tissue constituents. Proc. VI. Internat. Microbiol. Congress, Rome, 1953, 38.
Frantzen, A.: On the preparation of a formalinized aluminiumhydroxyde vaccine with the murine SK poliomyelitis strain (Jungeblut and Sanders). Acta path. & microbiol. Scand. 25, 351 (1948).
Frischknecht, W. und H. Zellweger: Elektrokardiogramme bei Poliomyelitis. Helv. Paed. Acta 5, 448 (1950).
Gaedecke, R.: Morphologische Grundlagen neuerer Anschauungen über das Krankheitsbild der Poliomyelitis. Virch. Arch. 322, 563 (1952).
Gaedecke, R., H. Bayer, B. Hammel, S. Kanzler und F. Schoenberg: Vergleichende experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Verhalten des Skelettmuskelgewebes der Albinomaus nach Infektion mit murinen mausadaptierten und klassischen Poliomyelitis Viren. I. Mitteilung. Untersuchungen mit dem MM-Virus. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 5, 310 (1954).
Gaedecke, R. und K. Betke: Die Wirkung von Viren der Parapoliomyelitisgruppe auf die lymphatischen Organe der Maus. Zeitschr. Naturforschg. 7B, 401 (1952).
Gaedecke, R. und S. Kanzler: Rhythmische Verteilung der Absterbehäufigkeit weißer Mäuse nach unterschiedlich modifizierter Infektion mit dem MM-Virus. Naturwissenschaften 40, 587 (1953).
Gaedeke, R., H. Kanzler, S. Kanzler und F. Schoenberg: Vergleichende experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Verhalten des Skelettmuskelgewebes der Albinomaus nach Infektion mit murinen Parapoliomyelitisviren, mausadaptierten und „klassischen“ Poliomyelitisviren. II. Mitteilung. Untersuchungen mit dem Lansing-und Leon-Virus. Arch. ges. Virusforsch. 6, 302 (1955).
Gajdusek, C.: (1) Specific serum antibodies to infectious disease agents in Tara-humara Indian adolescents. Ped. 16, 819 (1955).
— (2) Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in childhood. Ped. 16, 902 (1955).
Gard, S.: (1) Purification of poliomyelitis viruses; experiments on murine and human strains. Acta med. Scand. Suppl. 143, 1 (1943).
— (2) Tissue immunity in mouse poliomyelitis. Acta med. Scand. 119, 27 (1944).
— (3) Proc. IV. Internat. Congr. Microbiol., Copenhagen, 1947.
— (4) Studies on the virus of encephalomyelitis enzootica suis (Teschen disease). Excretion of virus after viral infection. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 4, 249 (1952).
— (5) The virus of poliomyelitis. Physical and chemical aspects. World Health Org. Monograph Series No. 26, 215, Geneva, 1955.
Gard, S. and L. Heller: Hemagglutination by Col-MM virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 76, 68 (1951).
Gard, S. and O. Lindholm: Experiments on formalinized poliomyelitis virus vaccines. Acta med. scand. 129, 184 (1947).
Gard, S. and K. O. Pederson: Purification of the virus of mouse encephalomyelitis (Theilers virus). Science 94, 493 (1941).
Gard, S., O. Snellman and H. Tyren: Studies on macromolecular components in faeces and intestinal contents. The Svedberg, p. 530, 1944.
Gard, S., T. Wesslen, A. Fagraeus, A. Svedmyr and G. Olin: The use of guinea pigs in tests for immunogenic capacity of poliomyelitis virus vaccine preparations. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 6, 5 (1956).
Gastambide-Odier: Remarques sur l’agglutination des globules rouges de mouton par le virus de la poliomyélite, souche MM. Ann. Inst. Past. 79, 197 (1950).
Gefter, W. I., W. G. Leaman, P. F. Luchesi, I. E. Maher and M. Davorin: The heart in acute anterior poliomyelitis. Am. Heart. J. 33, 228 (1947).
Gerstner, A.: Untersuchungen mit dem Haemagglutinationshemmungstest auf Antikörper gegen Viren der Parapoliomyelitisgruppe in Seren von Patienten mit Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems sowie zur Frage der Spezifität dieses Tests. Diss. Freiburg, 1953.
Gifford, R. and G. Dalldorf: Serologic responses to EMC virus infection. Ann. Rep. Div. Lab. & Res. New York State Dep. Health. Albany, 1954, p. 12.
Goffe, A., G. W. A. Dick and A. Pellissier: The similarity of Brazzaville encephalomyelitis virus and Type I poliomyelitis virus. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 49, 95 (1955).
Gollan, F.: (1) Effect of thyroxin on mouse susceptibility to polioencephalitis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 67, 364 (1948).
— (2) Purification of the MM poliomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 67, 364 (1948).
Gollan, F., C. P. Barnum and O. Olsen: Studies on phosphorus-containing compounds in normal and polioencephalitic mouse brain. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 69, 34 (1948).
Gollan, F. and J. F. Marvin: Electronmicroscopy of the purified MM poliomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 67, 366 (1948).
Gollan, F. and M. B. Visscher: Water, sodium and potassium content of normal and encephalomyelitic mouse brain. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 76, 746 (1951).
Gordon, J. E. and F. J. Curley: Induced latent infection and resultant immunity to MM mouse encephalomyelitis virus in mice suckled by immune foster mothers. J. Inf. Dis. 85, 259 (1949).
Gorsunova, L. P.: Poliomyelitis infection via the digestive tract. Z. Nevropat. Psikhiat. (Moskau) 55, 102 (1955).
Gray, F. G.: Spontaneous cardiac lesions in mice. Their bearing on attempts to produce experimental carditis. Am. J. Path. 25, 1215 (1949).
Groupé, V. and G. Rake: Studies on the chemotherapy of the pox viruses. I. The effect of commercial penicillin and other selected substances on canary pox virus. J. Immunol. 57, 17 (1947).
Habel, K. and L. N. Loomis: Coxsackie A 7 virus and the Russian „Poliovirus Type 4“. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. a. Med. 95, 597 (1957).
Hall, R. J. and J. L. Sherman: Significance of potassium depletion in poliomyelitis. Am. J. Med. 14, 124 (1953).
Hallauer, C.: (1) Proc. Internat. Congress for Microbiology, Copenhagen, 1947, p. 257.
— (2) Über Hämagglutinine durch Virusarten. Bull. Schweiz. Akad. Med. Wissenschft. 3, 81 (1947/48).
— (3) Die Hämagglutination durch Virusarten (Phänomen von G. K. Hirst). Handb. d. Virusforschg. 2. Erg: Band, Wien, Springer Verlag, 1950, p. 141.
— (4) Die Hämagglutination muriner Poliomyelitisstämme. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 4, 224 (1951).
Hallauer, C. und M. Renz: Beitrag zur quantitativen Auswertung von Poliomyelitis-Rekonvaleszentenseren. Schweiz. Med. Woch. 57, 1 (1945).
Hammon, W. H., R. B. Aird and G. Sather: Failure of trypan red to protect against certain neurotropic viruses. (MM and Russian spring-summer encephalitis.) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 69, 511 (1948).
Helwig, F. C. and E. C. H. Schmidt: A filter passing agent producing interstitial myocarditis in anthropoid apes and small animals. Science 102, 31 (1945).
Henle, W. and G. Henle: Interference between inactive and active viruses of influenza. I. The incidental occurrence and artificial induction of the phenomenon. Am. J. Med. Sc. 207, 705, ibid. 717 (1944).
Hettche, O. and W. H. Schulz-Ehlbeck: Epidemiologie und Prophylaxe der Poliomyelitis im Hinblick auf die Rolle des Wassers bei der Übertragung. Arch. Hyg. und Bakt. 137, 440 (1953).
Hofman, B.: (1) Over een virusreceptorvernietigende eigenschap speeksel en har mogelijke beteknis voor de infectie met poliomyelitis-virus. Proefschrift, Leiden, 1953.
— (2) Onderzoekingen over een receptoren-vernietigend enzym en speeksels van poliomyelitis-patienten. Maandschr. v. Kindergenesk. 22, 153 (1954).
— (3) A receptor-destroying enzyme in human saliva and its possible relation to poliomyelitis infection. J. Immunol. 73, 273 (1954).
Hofman, B. and C. W. Jungeblut: Untersuchungen über Neutralisation und Hämag-glutinationshemmung von Parapoliomyelitisvirus (Col-SK-Stamm) mit Seren von Fällen von Encephalitis, aseptischer Meningitis und Poliomyelitis. Klin. Woch. 30, 1013 (1952).
Holmes, F. O.: The filtrable viruses. Bergey’s manual of determinative Bacteriology Edit. VI. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., 1948.
Holtman, D. F.: The effect of thiouracil and thyroactive substances on mouse susceptibility to poliomyelitis virus. Science 104, 50 (1946).
Horsfall, F. L. and M. MacCarty: The modifying effects of certain substances of bacterial origin on the course of infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). J. Exp. Med. 85, 623 (1947).
Horstman, D. M., J. L. Melnick, R. Ward and M. S. Sa. Fleitas: The susceptibility of infant rhesus to poliomyelitis virus administered by mouth. A study of distribution of virus in tissues of orally infected animals. J. Exp. Med. 86, 309 (1947).
Horvath, B.: Further studies on Col SK virus hemagglutination. Arch. ges. Virus-forschg. 5, 228 (1953).
Horvath, B. and C. W. Jungeblut Studies on hemagglutination by Col SK virus. J. Immunol. 68, 627 (1952).
Howe, C., J. D. MacLennan and E. A. Kabat: Action of Clostridium tertium enzymes on blood group substances. Fed. Proc. 15 (1956).
Howe, C., J. D. MacLennan, I. Mandl and E. A. Kabat: Enzymes of Clostridium tertium. Their effects on blood group and virus receptor substances. J. Bact. 1957, in print.
Howes, W. D.: The relationship of age to the susceptibility of mice to two viruses of the Coxsackie group. Austral. J. Exp. Biol. & Med. Sc. 30, 423 (1952).
Hoyle, L.: The effect of triphenylmethane dyes on the intracellular growth of influenza virus A. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 30, 123 (1949).
Huang, C. H.: (1) Titration of St. Louis encephalitis virus and Jungeblut-Sanders mouse virus in tissue culture. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 54, 158 (1943).
— (2) A visible method for titration and neutralization of viruses on the basis of PH changes in tissue. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 54, 160 (1943).
Hull, R. N. and J. M. Lavelle: Inhibition of cytopathogenic effect of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture by antibiotic M-8450. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 83, 787 (1953).
Hummel, K. and G. Reinold: Über die Wirkung polymerer Präparate bei der experimentellen murinen Poliomyelitis. Klin. Woch. 32, 1012 (1954).
Hurlbut, H. S.: The recovery of poliomyelitis virus after parenteral introduction into cockroaches and houseflies. J. Inf. Dis. 86, 103 (1950).
Hurst, E. W. and R. Hull: The chemotherapy of virus diseases with brief consid-. eration of the influence of dietary, hormonal and other factors in virus infections. Pharm. Rev. 8, 199 (1956).
Hurst, E. W., P. Melvin and J. M. Peters: The prevention of encephalitis due to the viruses of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis and louping ill; experiments with trypan red, mecaprine and many other substances. Br. J. Pharm. 7, 455 (1952).
Hurst, E. W., Peters, J. M. and P. Melvin: The action of mecaprine and trypan red in a number of virus diseases. Br. J. Pharm. 7, 473 (1952).
Joos, H. A. and P. N. G. Yu: Electrocardiographs observations in poliomyelitis. Am. J. Dis. Childr. 80, 22 (1950).
Jungeblut, C. W.: (1) Attempts at chemotherapy on experimental poliomyelitis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 28, 176 (1930).
— (2) The effect of concentration and of various tissue constituents on the virulence of the poliomyelitis virus. J. Immunol. 22, 99 (1932).
— (3) Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on poliomyelitis virus in vitro. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 37, 160 (1937).
— (4) Vitamin C therapy and prophylaxis in experimental poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 65, 127 (1937).
— (5) Further observations on vitamin C therapy in experimental poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 66, 459 (1937).
— (6) A further contribution to vitamin C therapy in experimental poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 70, 315 (1939).
— (7) Biological changes in Theiler’s virus of spontaneous mouse encephalomyelitis. Am. J. Publ. Health 33, 1227 (1943).
— (8) Serological relationships within the poliomyelitis group of viruses. Am. J. Publ. Health 34, 259 (1944).
— (9) Variability of Theiler’s virus of mouse encephalomyelitis. Science 99, 434 (1944).
— (10) Studies in rodent poliomyelitis. VI. Further observations on interference between murine and simian strains of poliomyelitis virus. J. Exp. Med. 81, 275 (1945).
— (11) Seasonal fluctuations in susceptibility of guinea pigs to experimental cavian poliomyelitis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 58, 177 (1945).
— (12) Sensitization experiments in guinea pigs following injections with simian or rodent poliomyelitis virus. J. Allergy 18, 239 (1947).
— (13) Mechanisms of infection in rodent poliomyelitis in relation to age and portal of entry. J. Inf. Diseases 81, 282 (1947).
— (14) Active and inactive murine poliomyelitis virus as interfering agents against poliomyelitis infection in monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 68, 19 (1948).
— (15) Reverse Interference between simian and murine poliomyelitis virus in guinea pigs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 68, 615 (1948).
— (16) Current problems in rodent poliomyelitis. Fourth Internat. Congress for Microbiology, Copenhagen, 1947-1949.
— (17) Failure of phenosulfazole to influence the course of infection with murine poliomyelitis virus in mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 70, 371 (1949).
— (18) Monkey pathogenicity of various strains of murine poliomyelitis virus. I. Experiments with Lansing, MEF and Yale-SK group. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 72, 532 (1949).
— (19) Monkey pathogenicity of various strains of murine poliomyelitis virus. II. Experiments with Col SK-MM group. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 72, 534 (1949).
— (20) Neuere Ergebnisse über die Pathogenese der Kinderlähmung. Helv. Med. Acta 17, 167 (1950).
— (21) A preliminary note on the isolation of human poliomyelitis virus from the heart of a fatal case of the disease. Third Europ. International Poliomyelitis Conference, Amsterdam, 1950.
— (22) Newer knowledge on the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. J. Ped. 37, 109 (1950).
— (23) Further experiments with Columbia SK murine poliomyelitis virus. Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med. 26, 571 (1950).
— (24) Neutralization of Columbia SK and Yale SK virus by polio-convalescent and normal human sera. Arch. Ped. 67, 519 (1950).
— (25) Problems of classification of poliomyelitis virus. Arch. Path. 52, 18, 1951.
— (26) Chemotherapeutic effect of a naphthoquinoneimine on infection of mice with Col SK group of viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 77, 176 (1951).
— (27) Experimental studies with F virus. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 4, 568 (1952).
— (28) Problèmes et données actuelles dans la poliomyélitite. Rév. med. et pharm. Bruxelles 8, 3 (1952).
Jungeblut, C. W.: (29) Actuelle problemen van poliomyelitis. Maandschr. Kinder Geneesk. 20, 410 (1952).
— (30) Classification and nomenclature of the poliomyelitis group of viruses. VI. Internat. Congress Microbiol., Rome, 1953.
— (31) Studies on viremia in poliomyelitis. II. Adsorption in vitro of the J V strain of poliomyelitis virus on human erythrocytes. J. Ped. 44, 28 (1954).
Jungeblut, C. W. and G. Bautista Jr.: (1) Antibodies against Col SK virus in Mexican sera. Am. J. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 3, 466 (1954).
— (2) Further experiments on the selective susceptibility of spider monkeys to poliomyelitic infection. J. Inf. Dis. 99, 103 (1956).
Jungeblut, S. W. and J. Bourdillon: Electronmicroscopy of murine poliomyelitis virus preparations. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 123, 399 (1943).
Jungeblut, C. W. and G. Dalldorf: (1) Epidemiological and experimental observations on the possible significance of rodents in a suburban epidemic of poliomyelitis. Am. J. Publ. Health 33, 169 (1943).
— (2) Epidemiological and experimental observations of poliomyelitis in New York City. Am. J. Hyg. 43, 49 (1946).
Jungeblut, C. W. and J.E. Edwards: Isolation of poliomyelitis virus from the heart in fatal cases. Am. J. Clin. Path. 21, 601 (1951).
Jungeblut, C. W. and E. T. Engle: An investigation into the significance of hormonal factors in experimental poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 59, 43 (1934).
Jungeblut, C. W., R. R. Feiner and M. Sanders: Studies in rodent poliomyelitis. III. Experimental poliomyelitis in guinea pigs produced with the murine strain of SK poliomyelitis virus. J. Exp. Med. 76, 31 (1942).
Jungeblut, C. W., B. Hofman and J. D. Verlinde: Adsorption in vitro of poliomyelitis virus on human erythrocytes. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 83, 249 (1953).
Jungeblut, C. W. and B. Horvath: Inhibition of hemagglutination of Col SK virus by human polio-convalescent sera. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 77, 672 (1951).
Jungeblut, C. W., B. Horvath and A. Knox: Inhibition of Col SK virus hemagglutination by human saliva. Arch. Ped. 69, 321 (1952).
Jungeblut, C. W. and E. J. Huenekens: Studies on viremia in poliomyelitis. I. Isolation of poliomyelitis virus from the blood of a paralytic case of the disease. J. Ped. 44, 20 (1954).
Jungeblut, C. W., F. J. Kallmann, B. Roth and H. O. Goodman: Twin data on the salivary excretion of a receptor-destroying enzyme. First Internat. Congress of Human Genetics, Copenhagen. 1956. Acta Gen. et Stat. Med. 1957, in print.
Jungeblut, C. W. and A. W. Knox: Further studies concerning a receptor-destroying factor in human saliva from healthy donors and from poliomyelitis patients. J. Immunol. 73, 264 (1954).
Jungeblut, C. W. and H. Kodza; in preparation 1957.
Jungeblut, C. W., H. Kodza and G. Bautista Jr.: Haemagglutination experiments with stools from healthy individuals and poliomyelitis patients. In preparation 1957.
Jungeblut, C. W. and E. de Rodaniche: Selective susceptibility of Ateles monkeys to infection with Type I poliomyelitis virus and Col SK virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 86, 644 (1954).
Jungeblut, C. W. and M. Sanders: (1) Isolation of a murine neurotropic virus by passage of monkey poliomyelitis virus to cotton rats and white mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 44, 375 (1940).
— (2) Studies of a murine strain of poliomyelitis virus in cotton rats and white mice. J. Exp. Med. 72, 407 (1940).
— (3) Transmission of a murine strain of poliomyelitis virus to guinea pigs and rhesus monkey. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 116, 2136 (1941).
— (4) Studies in rodent poliomyelitis. V. Interference between murine and monkey poliomyelitis virus. J. Exp. Med. 76, 127 (1942).
Jungeblut, C. W., M. Sanders and R. R. Feiner: Studies in rodent poliomyelitis. I. Further experiments with the murine strain of SK poliomyelitis virus. J. Exp. Med. 75, 611 (1942).
Jungeblut, C. W. and E. Steenberg: Neurotropic and viscerotropic strains of Col SK and encephalomyocarditis virus. Arch. Path. 49, 574 (1950).
Jungeblut, C. W. and M. A. Stevens: Attempts to isolate poliomyelitis virus from the paralyzed muscle of patients during the acute stage of the disease. Am. J. Clin. Path. 29, 701 (1950).
Kalm, H: (1) Zur Topik des anatomischen Prozesses bei der Heine-Medinschen-Krankheit. Dtsch. Zeitschr. Nervenheilk. 164, 92 (1950).
— (2) Zur histologischen Diagnose Poliomyelitis im Tierexperiment. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 6, 183 (1955).
— (3) Probleme der pathologischen Anatomie virusbedingter Erkrankungen des Nervensystems. Verhdlg. Deutsch. Gesellschft. inn. Med. 32, 179 (1955).
Kaplan, A. S.: Comparison of susceptible and resistant cells to infection with poliomyelitis virus. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 61, 830 (1955).
Kauffmann, F. and A. Frantzen: Mice immunization tests with various poliomyelitis vaccines and sera. Acta path. & Microbiol. Scand. 25, 356 (1948).
Kausche, G. A., F. Hahn and L. Schleith: Über virushemmende Substanzen der Triphenylmethanreihe. I. Zeitschr. Naturforschung 56, 87 (1950).
Keller, W.: (1) Aktuelle Fragen aus dem Gebiet der Poliomyelitis. Med. Ges. Freiburg, 1950.
— (2) Die Ätiologie und Epidemiologie der abakteriellen Encephalomeningitiden. Monatschr. Kinderheilk. 100, 164 (1952).
Keller, W. und O. Vivell: (1) Ergänzende Mitteilung zur vorstehenden Arbeit von Hofman und Jungeblut: Untersuchungen über Neutralisation und Haemaggluti-nationshemmung von Parapoliomyelitisvirus (Col-SK-Stamm) mit Seren von Fällen von Encephalitis. Klin. Wschr. 30, 1015 (1952).
— (2) Poliomyelitisähnliche Krankheitsbilder und ihre Erreger beim Menschen. Eine Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Para-und Pseudopoliomyelitis-(Coxsackie-) Viren. Ergeb. inn. Med. u. Kinderheilk. 5, 1 (1954).
— (3) Ein Beitrag zur Problematik des Tierversuches, der Virusisolierung und Identifizierung. Arch. f. Exp. Veterinärmed. 9, 167 (1955).
Keller, W., O. Vivell und E. Gädeke: Ätiologie und Epidemiologie der abakteriellen Encephalomeningitiden. Tagg. Dtsch. Ges. Kinderheilk. Heidelberg, 1951.
Kilham, L.: Encephalomyocarditis. Rep. East African Virus Res. Institute, Nairobi, 1955.
Kilham, L., P. Mason and J. N. P. Davies: Pathogenesis of fatal Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infections in albino rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 90, 383 (1955).
Kilham, L., P. Mason and J. N. P. Davies: Host-virus relations in encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infection. I. Infections in wild rats. Am. J. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 5, 647 (1956); II. Myocarditis in mongooses, ibid. 5, 655 (1956).
Kissling, R. E., J. M. Vanella and M. Schaeffer: Recent isolations of Encephalomyocarditis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 91, 148 (1956).
Klarenbeek, A.: (1) Action virulicide de quelques substances antiseptiques contre le virus poliomyélitique murin Columbia-SK. Ant. v. Leeuwenhoek 17, 237 (1951).
— (2) An investigation into the virucidal action of teepol, sodium hydroxyde, propylene glycol and dettol. J. Hyg. 52, 529 (1954).
Klarenbeek, A. and H. A. E. van Tongeren: Viricide werking van een Mengsel van Aethyleen-oxyde en Koolzuur. Ned. Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 98, 768 (1954).
— (2) Viricidal action of ethylene oxide gas. J. Hyg. 52, 525 (1954).
Knox, A.W.: (1) Influence of pregnancy in mice on the course of infection with murine poliomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 73, 520 (1950).
— (2) Infection and immunity in offspring of mice inoculated during gestation with murine poliomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 74, 792 (1950).
Koch, F.: Die Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) und ihre Abgrenzung von der Poliomyelitis. Zeitschr. Kinderhk. 68, 328 (1950).
Kodza, H. and C. W. Jungeblut: in preparation, 1957.
Koprowska, I. and H. Koprowski: Effect of Mengo encephalitis virus on the Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 14, 627 (1953).
Koprowski, H.: Discussion of classification and nomenclature of the poliomyelitis group of viruses. Ann. New York Acad. Science 56, 596 (1953).
Kret, A.: The propagation of poliomyelitis virus and some other viruses in cultures of transplantable mouse carcinoma and sarcoma cells. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 6, 326 (1955).
Kuwata, K., I. Hiromitsu and Y. Matsumoto: Myotropic variation of Col SK virus. Naturwissenschaften 41, 167 (1954).
Laake, H.: Myocarditis in poliomyelitis. Acta Med. Scand. 140, 159 (1951).
Lahelle, O. and F. L. Horsfall: Hemagglutination with the GD VII strain of mouse encephalomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 71, 713 (1949).
Laruelle, L. and M. Reumont: (1) Myocarditis in poliomyelitis. Second Internat. Poliomyelitis Conference, Copenhagen, 459, 1952.
— (2) La myocardite de la poliomyélite. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 83, 151 (1952).
Lamson, R. B. and J. L. Melnick: Inactivation of murine poliomyelitis viruses by heat. J. Inf. Dis. 80, 201 (1947).
Lenke, S. E. and L. Loewe: Cardiac lesions resembling Aschoff bodies in mice. Am. J. Path. 17, 857 (1941).
Lenz, M. and C. W. Jungeblut: Effect of X-ray on poliomyelitis virus in vivo and in vitro. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 29, 814 (1932).
Lépine, P.: (1) Internat. Poliomyelitis Conference, New York, 1948, p. 297.
— (2) L’immunité dans la poliomyélite. Conceptions actuelles. Paris. Medical 23, 281 (1949).
— (3) L’ímmunité dans la poliomyélite et ses rapports avec d’autres virus. Rev. Belge Path. Med. Exp. 21, 277 (1951).
— (4) La nomenclature des virus. Scientia 46, 1 (1952).
Lépine, P. and P. Atanasiu: Sur le phénomène d’interférence entre la maladie de Teschen et le virus poliomyélitique (souche Lansing). Ann. Inst. Past. 78, 540 (1950).
Levy, H. B. and L. F. Snellbaker: Effects of animal viruses on host cell metabolism. I. Effects of encephalomyocarditis virus on nucleic acids and phosphorus fractions of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J. Inf. Dis. 98, 270 (1956).
Leyon, H.: Some physicochemical properties of spontaneous mouse encephalomyelitis virus. Strain FA. Faraday Soc. Discussions 11, 217 (1951).
Leyon, H., S. Gard and G. Eklund: Electronmicroscopy of Theiler virus, strain FA. Biochem. et Biophys. Acta 4, 385 (1950).
Li, C. P. and K. Habel: Adaptation of Leon strain of poliomyelitis to mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 78, 233 (1951).
Li, C. P. and M. Schaeffer: (1) Adaptation of type I poliomyelitis virus to mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med. 82, 477 (1953).
— (2) Isolation of a non-neuro tropic variant of type I poliomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 87, 148 (1954).
Lillie, R. D. and C. Armstrong: (1) The pathology of poliomyelitis experimentally induced in the eastern cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus hispidus. Publ. Health Rep. 55, 115 (1940).
— (2) Cerebrospinal pathology of experimental poliomyelitis in the eastern cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus hispidus, and in the white mouse, Mus musculus. Publ. Health Rep. 55, 718 (1940).
Little, M. and R. B. Sawson: The effect of FA and Lansing viruses on the cholines-terase activity of brain and spinal cord homogenates. J. Immunol. 66, 405 (1951).
Lo Grippo, G. A., D. P. Earle Jr., B. B. Brodle, I. P. Graef, L. Bowman and R. Ward: Lack of effect of sodium phenosulfazole (Darvisul) on certain experimental virus infections. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 70, 528 (1949).
Loring, H. S., L. Marton and C. E. Schwerdt: Electronmicroscopy of purified Lansing virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 62, 291 (1946).
Loring, H. S. and C. E. Schwerdt: Studies on the purification of poliomyelitis virus. I. Yields and activity of preparations obtained by differential centrifugation. J. Exp. Med. 75, 395 (1942).
Love, R. and M. Roca-Garcia: Pathology of poliomyelitis in the chick embryo. Am. J. Path. 81, 901 (1955).
Ludden, T. E. and J. E. Edwards: Carditis in poliomyelitis. Anatomic study of 35 cases and review of literature. Am. J. Path. 25, 357 (1949).
Magnus V. H., J. H. S. Gear and R. Paul: A recent definition of poliomyelitis viruses. Virology 1, 185 (1955).
Mandel, B. and E. Racker: Inhibition of Theiler’s encephalomyelitis virus (GD VII strain) of mice by an intestinal mucopolysaccharide. I. Biological properties and mechanism of action. J. Exp. Med. 98, 399 (1953).
Mauer, R.: Untersuchungen über die Hämagglutination von Viren der Parapolio-myelitisgruppe. Diss. Freiburg, 1952.
McClelland, A.: A crystalline antiviral agent produced by a new species of Nocardia. II. Antiviral activity in animals. Antibiotics Ann., p. 615 (1953/54); Medical Encyclopedia, New York, 1953.
McKinstry, D. and E. H. Reading: (1) The preparation and immunogenic properties of ultraviolet-inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine. J. Franklin Inst. 237, 71 (1944).
— (2) Studies on chemotherapy of experimental virus infections; effect of certain pyrimidine derivatives on experimental murine poliomyelitis. J. Franklin Inst. 237, 422 (1944).
— (3) Studies on the chemotherapy of experimental virus infections; effect of certain organic arsenicals on the course of experimental murine poliomyelitis. J. Franklin Inst. 240, 422 (1945).
McKinstry, D., H. M. Terrill, E. H. Reading and K. V. Huffman: Concentration of virus of poliomyelitis by differential centrifugation. J. Franklin Inst. 238, 310 (1944).
McLaren, A. and F. K. Sanders: Virus multiplication and the problem of age resistance. Sixth Internat. Congress of Microbiology 3, 11, Rome, 1953.
McNamara, F.: Ann. Rep. Virus Research Inst., Lagos, Nigeria, 1951.
Melnick, J. L.: (1) Sedimentation of poliomyelitis virus in Sharpies centrifuge. J. Immun. 53, 157 (1946).
— (2) The poliomyelitis, encephalomyocarditis and Coxsackie groups of viruses. Bact. Rev. 14, 233 (1950).
— (3) Poliomyelitis and poliomyelitis-like viruses of man and animals. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 5, 309 (1951).
— (4) Latent survival of viruses and persistence of immunity. Proc. Second Internat. Poliomyelitis Conf., Copenhagen, 1952.
Melnick, J. L. and R. Ward: Adaptation of poliomyelitis strains to rodents with a word on nomenclature. Federation Proc. 7, 308 (1948).
Milzer, A. and P. Adelman: Hemagglutination by normal and poliomyelitis stool suspensions. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 71, 206 (1949).
Mollaret, P.: (1) Le démembrement de la poliomyélite, sa nécessité et ses critères de classification. Presse méd. 58, 1096 (1950).
— (2) Le démembrement de la poliomyélite. II. Les Maladies poliomyélitiques humaines fondamentales. Presse méd. 58, 1205 (1950).
— (3) Le démembrement de la poliomyélite. III. Les maladies poliomyélitiques frontières. Presse méd. 58, 1223 (1950).
— (4) Le démembrement de la poliomyélite. IV. Maladies pseudopoliomyélitiques vétérinaires, synthèse et perspectives. Presse méd. 58, 1255 (1950).
Montgomery, J., J. Gear, F. R. Prinsloo, M. Kalm and Z. G. Kirsch: Myocarditis of the newborn; an outbreak in a maternity home in Southern Rhodesia associated with Coxsackie group-B virus infection. South Afr. Med. J. 29, 608 (1955).
Morris, M. C.: (1) The effect of trypsin on hemagglutination by murine encephalo-myeiitis virus. J. Immunol. 68, 97 (1952).
— (2) The relation between the infectivity and the hemagglutinin of murine encephalomyelitis virus (GD VII). J. Immunol. 70, 39 (1953).
Moss, J. N., J. M. Beiler and G. J. Martin: Enhancement of immunization response by phosphorylated hesperidin. J. Immunol. 76, 363 (1956).
Moyer, A.W., C. Accorti and H. R. Cox: Poliomyelitis. I. Propagation of the MEF strain of poliomyelitis virus in the suckling hamster. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 81, 513 (1952).
Mulé, F. and G. Scaglione: Sulla presenza di un particolare enzima nella saliva umana di soggetti affetti de malattie da virus. Bollettino I. S. M. 35, 34 (1956).
Murray, F. J., J. F. Scrugham and M. J. Foter: Effect of Congo red on the MM virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 72, 275 (1949).
Nelis, P. and A. Lafontaine: Action des ultrasons sur la souche MM de la poliomyélite de la souris. C. r. Soc. Biol. 144, 458 (1950).
O’Dell, T. H., H. N. Wright and R. N. Bieter: Chemotherapeutic activity of nucleic acids and high protein diets against the infection caused by the MM virus in mice. J. Pharmacol. 107, 232 (1953).
Ørskov, J. and E. K. Andersen: Poliomyelitis in mice. Acta Path. & Microbiol. Scand. 25, 746 (1948).
Okuno, Y., K. Kusumoto, S. Ishii and T. Sugai: Studies of the cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in chick embryo. Med. J. Osaka Univ. 6, 1003 (1956).
Olitzky, P. K. and E. H. Yager: Hemagglutination by Col-SK, Col MM, Mengo-encephalomyelitis and encephalomyocarditis viruses. Experiments with other viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 71, 719 (1949).
Pellissier, A.: (1) Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. 47, 223 (1954) (quoted by Collier).
— (2) Isolement d’un virus encephalomyélitique à Brazzaville. II. Étude immunologique. Ann. Inst. Past. 86, 53 (1954).
— (3) Isolement d’un virus encephalomyélitique à Brazzaville. III. Culture sur œuf embryonné et conclusions. Ann. Inst. Past. 86, 227 (1954).
Pellissier, A. et E. Trinquier: (1) Isolement d’un virus encephalomyélitique au cours d’une petite épidémie de “Poliomyélite Clinique” à Brazzaville. I. Étude expérimentale et epidémiologique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 85, 316 (1953).
— (2) Le virus humain dit “encephalomyélitique de Brazzaville” est en realité un virus poliomyélitique Type I. Les caractères biologiques anormaux de ce virus tropical. Ann. Inst. Past. 89, 198 (1955).
Pinter, M. and E. Abraham: Growth of MM virus on human embryonic tissue. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Scient. Hung. 3/4, 405 (1956).
Poliomyelitis: Internat. Comm. for the Study of Infantile Paralysis. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, pp. 278–279, 1932.
Pollard, M., J. Connolly and S. Fromm: The precipitating effect of methanol on viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 71, 290 (1949).
Powell, H. M. and C. G. Culbertson: Action of an antiviral mold filtrate against MEF1 poliomyelitis virus in mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 83, 161 (1953).
Powell, H. M., C. G. Culbertson, J. M. McGuire, M. M. Hoehn and L. A. Baker: A filtrate with chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic action against MM and Semliki forest viruses in mice. Antibiotics & Chemother. 2, 432 (1952).
Powell, H. N. and W. A. Jamieson: On the immunity of certain mouse adapted poliomyelitis virus strains when cultivated in embryonated eggs. J. Inf. Dis. 83, 328 (1948).
Powell, H. M., W. A. Jamieson and C. G. Culbertson: Injection of mouse adapted and egg adapted poliomyelitis-like virus into white rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 68, 80 (1948).
Quigley, J. J.: (1) Ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation studies of Coxsackie viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 72, 434 (1949).
— (2) Enzymes in animal homogenates. Ann. Rep. Div. Lab. & Res., N. Y. State Dept. Health, Albany, 1954, p. 12.
Rhode, W.: Ein “Missing Link” zwischen den Erregern der Parapoliomyelitis und den Viren der Coxsackie-A-Gruppe. Psych., Neurol. und med. Psych. 5, 309 (1953).
Rhodes, J. A.: Classification and nomenclature of the poliomyelitis group of viruses. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 56, 596 (1953).
Rhodes, A. J. and M. Chapman: (1) Some observations on interference between neurotropic viruses. Canad. J. Res., Sect. E 27, 341 (1949).
— (2) Further observations on interference between lymphocytic choriomening-itis and MM viruses. Canad. J. Res., Sect. E 28, 245 (1950).
Robinson, L.: The effect of heating on MM virus. Ann. Rep. Div. Lab. & Res., N. Y. State Dept. Health, Albany, 1948.
Roca-Garcia, M.: Quoted by Smithburn (a).
Roca-Garcia, M. and J. A. Jervis: Experimentally produced poliomyelitis variant in chick embryo. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 61, 911 (1955).
Roca-Garcia, M., A. W. Moyer and H. R. Cox: Poliomyelitis. II. Propagation of MEF strain of poliomyelitis virus in developing chick embryo by yolk sac inoculation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 81, 519 (1952).
Roca-Garcia, M. and C. Sanmartin-Barberi: The isolation of encephalomyocarditis virus in Aotus monkeys. Am. J. Hyg. 1957, in press.
Rooyen van, C. E.: A revision of Holmes’ classification of animal viruses, suborder III (Zoophagineae). Canad. J. Microb. 7, 227 (1954).
Rustigian, R. and A. M. Pappenheimer: Myositis in mice following intramuscular injection of viruses of the mouse encephalomyelitis group and of certain other neurotropic viruses. J. Exp. Med. 89, 69 (1949).
Sanders, F. K.: (1) The behaviour of mouse encephalitis and encephalomyocarditis viruses in mouse brains infected with both viruses. Proc. VI. Internat. Congress Microbiology, Rome, 1953, v. 2, p. 100.
— (2) Possible multiplication cycles in neurotropic viruses. The Nature of Virus Multiplication. Univ. Press, Cambridge, p. 297. 1953.
Sanders, M.: Studies on the cultivation of the virus of Lymphogranuloma venereum. J. Exp. Med. 71, 113 (1940).
Sanders, M. and C. W. Jungeblut: Studies in rodent poliomyelitis. II. Cultivation of the murine strain of SK poliomyelitis virus. J. Exp. Med. 75, 631 (1942).
Sanders, M., N. G. Soret and B. A. Akin: Neuro-toxoid interference with two human strains of poliomyelitis in rhesus monkeys. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 58, 7 (1953).
Sanders, M., Y. Subarrow and R. C. Alexander: An effective antiviral synthetic. Texas Rep. Biol. Med. 6, 385 (1948).
Sanz-Ibanez, J.: (1) Poliomielitis experimental. Trab. Inst. Cajal invest, biol. 36, 137 (1944).
— (2) Estudio de la sinapsis mioneural y componentes nerviosos en musculos humanos paralíticos por parálisis infantil. Trab. Inst. Cajal invest, biol. 37, 259 (1945).
— (3) Adaptación del virus SK de poliomielitis de lirón (“Myoxus glis”). Trab. Inst. Cajal invest, biol. 38, 213 (1946).
— (4) Estudio de la presencia de virus poliomielitico en los musculos de ratones inoculados con virus SK en el periodo preparalitico de la enfermedad. Cirugia del aparato locomotos. 5, 319 (1948).
— (5) Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Pathogenese der Poliomyelitis. Med. Ges. Marburg, v. 18, 6 (1952).
Sanz-Ibanez, J. Toledano Jiminez-Castellanos; Métodos quémicos para la purificación y concentración del virus de la poliomielitis. Trab. Inst. Cajal invest, biol. 40, 349 (1948).
Saphir, O.: (1) Visceral lesions in poliomyelitis. Am. J. Path. 21, 99 (1945).
— (2) Encephalomyocarditis. Circulation 6, 843 (1952).
Saphir, O. and S. A. Wile: Myocarditis in poliomyelitis. Am. J. Med. Sci. 203, 781 (1942).
Schatz, A. and H. Plager: Effect of p H on MM virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 67, 452 (1948).
Scherer, W. F.: Host-cell-virus relationships in vitro studied with a pure strain of mammalian cell (L strain, Earle). Fed. Proc. 12, 401 (1953).
Scherr, G. H.: Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus for mice. I. The factor of sex of animal as affecting pathogenicity of inoculum and susceptibility to infection. J. Bact. 66, 105 (1953).
Schiott, C. R.: The effects of large doses of animo acids in experimental poliomyelitis. Danish Med. Bull. 1, 185 (1954).
Schmidt, E. C. H.: Virus myocarditis. Pathologic and experimental studies. Am. J. Path. 24, 97 (1948).
Schmidt-Kessen, W.: (1) Elektrokardiogramm nach Poliomyelitis. Z. ges. inn. Med. 4, 250 (1949).
— (2) Myokarditis bei Poliomyelitis. Z. ges. inn. Med. 7, 177 (1952).
Schmitt, E.: Untersuchungen an menschlichen Seren mit einer neuen Hämaggluti-nationshemmungsreaktion gegen Viren der Parapoliomyelitisgruppe. Diss. Freiburg, 1951.
Schnitzer, E. J., M. Buck and N. Steiger: Chemotherapeutic effect of 2 hydroxyl 1, 4 naphthoquinonimine on infections of mice with Col-SK virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 77, 182 (1951).
Schultz, E. W. and J. B. Enright: Cultivation of the murine SK strain of poliomyelitis virus in developing eggs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 63, 8 (1946).
Schultz, E. W. and E. A. Irwin: quoted by Schultz and Enright (1946).
Schultz, E. W. and C. White: Infectivity of murine SK-Strain of poliomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 68, 266 (1948).
Schulz-Ehlbeck, H. W.: (1) Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Verhalten von murinem Poliomyelitisvirus in Zecken (Ornithodorus moubata) Z. Tropenmed. u. Parasit. 3, 472 (1952).
— (2) Beitrag zur Frage der Virusinaktivierung. Klin. Wschr. 31, 527 (1953).
— (3) Über Interferenz zwischen Ektromelie-und Columbia-SK-Virus. Z. Tropenmed. u. Parasit. 5, 228 (1954).
Schwerdt, C. E. and F. L. Schaffer: Some physical and chemical properties of purified poliomyelitis virus preparations. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 61, 740 (1955).
Seligmann, E. and C. W. Jungeblut: Neutralization of SK murine poliomyelitis virus and of Theiler’s virus of mouse encephalomyelitis by human sera. Am. J. Publ. Health 33, 1326 (1943).
Selzer, G., M. Sacks and M. van den Ende: Adaptation and multiplication rate of the MEF strain of poliomyelitis virus in new-born mice. S. African Med. J. 26, 201 (1952).
Shaw, M.: Serologic studies of Theiler’s mouse encephalomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 92, 390 (1956).
Shadanow, W. M.: Bestimmung der menschlichen und zoopathogenen Virusarten. AMH, Moscow, 1953. Quoted from: Sinkovics, J.: Die Grundlagen der Virusforschung. Ungar. Akad. Wissenschaft., Budapest. 1956.
Shean, D. B. and E. W. Schultz: Comparative tissue explant requirement of Col SK, C (M) and MM viruses and of Theiler’s encephalomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 73, 622 (1950).
Shope, E. E.: An antiviral substance from Pénicillium funiculosum. I. Effect upon infection in mice with swine influenza and Col SK encephalomyelitis virus. J. Exp. Med. 97, 601 (1953). II. Effect of Helenine upon infection in mice with Semliki Forest virus. Ibid. p. 627. III. General properties and characteristics of Helenine. Ibid. p. 639.
Shwartzman, G.: (1) Recovery of the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis from the erythrocytes of infected animals. J. Immunol. 48, 111 (1944).
— (2) New aspects of pathogenesis of experimental poliomyelitis. J. Mt. Sinai Hosp. 21, 3 (1954).
Sickles, G. M.: Effect of serum of normal animals on MM virus. Ann. Rep. Div. Lab. & Res., N. Y. State Dept. Health Albany, 1948.
Siegel, B. V.: Further observations on cold hemagglutinin activity in encephalomyocarditis, MM, Mengo-encephalomyelitis and Col SK immune sera. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 77, 554 (1951).
Silverberg, R. J., K. Habel and A. Shelokov: Relative pathogenicity of newly isolated strains of poliomyelitis virus for monkey kidney cells and mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 90, 655 (1955).
Smadel, J. E., and J. Warren: The virus of encephalomyocarditis and its apparent causation of disease in man. J. Clin. Invest. 26, 1197 (1947).
Smith, W. M. and C. A. Evans: Growth of neurotropic viruses in extraneural tissues. VII. Cultivation of MM and Western equine encephalitis viruses in cultures of rhesus testicular tissue. J. Immunol. 72, 353 (1954).
Smith, W., F. W. Sheffield, L. H. Lee and G. Churcher: A specific virus-antibody flocculation reaction with poliomyelitis viruses. Lancet, I, 710 (1956).
Smith, W., F. W. Sheffield, G. Churcher and L. H. Lee: Poliomyelitis virus flocculation by a micro-method. Lancet, II, 163 (1956).
Smithburn, K. C.: (1) Studies on certain viruses isolated in tropics of Africa and South America. Immunological reactions as determined by cross neutralization tests. J. Immun. 68, 441 (1952).
— (2) Neutralizing antibodies against certain recently isolated viruses in sera of human beings residing in East Africa. J. Immunol. 69, 223 (1952).
Sousa de, C. P.: Isolement, en partant des rats de Lisbonne, d’un virus neurotrope pour la souris. C. rend. Soc. Biol. 148, 1705 (1954).
Spain, D. M., V. Bradess and V. Personnet: Myocarditis in poliomyelitis. Am. Heart J. 40, 336 (1950).
Stanley, N. F.: Attempts to demonstrate interference between Coxsackie and poliomyelitis viruses in mice and monkeys. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 81, 430 (1952).
Staufenegger, M.: Poliomyelitisforschungen in USA 1942-1946. Dissertation, Zürich, 1948 (Springer Verlag, Berlin 1948).
Stoeber, E.: (1) Über das „Schwielenherz“ des Säuglings. Z. Kinderheilk. 65, 114 (1947).
— (2) Weitere Untersuchungen über epidemische Myocarditis („Schwielenherz“) des Säuglings. Z. Kinderheilk. 71, 592 (1952).
Syverton, J. T. and R. G. Fischer: The cockroach as an experimental vector of the virus of spontaneous mouse encephalomyelitis (Theiler). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 74, 296 (1950).
Taylor, A. R. and M. J. McCormick: Electron Microscopy of poliomyelitis virus. Yale J. Biol. and Med. 28, 589 (1956).
Thompson, R. L. and A. R. Lavender: Effect of ethionine and other materials on Semliki Forest virus infection in the mouse. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med. 84, 483 (1953).
Thompson, R. L., M. Price, S. A. Minton, E. A. Falco and G. H. Hitchings: Protection of mice against vaccinia virus by the administration of phenoxythiouracils. J. Immunol. 67, 483 (1951).
Tiggelmann-v. Krugten, V. A. H. and W. A. Collier: Documenta de Med. Geogr. et Tropica: Quoted by Collier.
Tongeren van, H. A. E. and J. D. Verlinde: Het Columbia SK-Encephalomyelitis virus als ziektenverwekker bij de mens. Nederl. Tijdschr. Geneesk. 98, 2983 (1954).
Toomey, J. A.: personal communication.
Toomey, J. A. and W. S. Takacs: (1) Specific neutralization of cotton rat strains of poliomyelitis virus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med. 47, 123 (1941).
— (2) J. Bact. 43, 87 (1942).
Toomey, J. A. and H. M. Weaver: Poliomyelitis virus and degeneration of peripheral nerves. Am. J. Dis. Child. 53, 79 (1937).
Trask, J. D., A. J. Vignec and J. R. Paul: Isolation of poliomyelitis virus from human stools. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 38, 147 (1938).
Vanella, J. M., R. E. Kissling and R. W. Chamberlain: Transmission studies with encephalomyocarditis virus. J. Inf. Dis. 98, 98 (1956).
Verlinde, J. D.: (1) A comparative study on muscular involvement in experimental poliomyelitis induced by various strains of virus and the effect of Hyalouronidase on the intramuscular inoculation. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 41, 546 (1952).
— (2) An experimental study on the effect of immunization with T.A.B. and pertussis vaccine and aluminium precipitated diphtheria toxoid on the centripetal and centrifugal spread of poliomyelitis virus. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 4, 561 (1952).
— (3) Moderne opvatingen over het ontstaan en het beloop van ziekte van Heine-Medin. Ned. Tiidschr. Geneesk 97, 929 (1953).
Verlinde, J. D.: (4) État actuel de l’étiologie et de la pathogénie de la poliomyélite. Bruxelles-Médical 33, 2423 (1953).
Verlinde, J. D. and P. de Baan: Sur l’hémagglutination par des virus poliomyélitiques murins et la destruction enzymatique de la cellule réceptive. Ann. Inst. Past. 77, 632 (1949).
Verlinde, J. D., P. de Baan and J. A. Vercruysse: The monkey pathogenicity of the Col SK virus and the mouse adapted Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus and the influence of monkey passage on the characteristics of the virus. Ant. v. Leeuwenhoek 16, 9 (1950).
Verlinde, J. D., P. de Baan, A. Kret and P. Waller-Fetter: Studies on haemag-glutination by the EMC-MM-Col SK group of viruses. III. Destruction of virus receptors in vitro and in vivo. Ant. van Leeuwenhoek 17, 137 (1951).
Verlinde, J. D., P. de Baan and P. Waller-Fetter: Studies on haemagglutination by the EMC-MM-Columbia-SK group of viruses. II. The identification of viruses and antibodies by the haemagglutination-inhibition reaction. Ant. van Leeuwenhoek 17, 129 (1951).
Verlinde, J. D., B. Beem and A. Klarenbeek: Studies on immunity in poliomyelitis. II. Adaptation of a strain of poliomyelitis virus on mice and immunization experiments with the mouse-adapted virus. Ant. van Leeuwenhoek 18, 364 (1952).
Verlinde, J. D. and B. Hofman: Pathogenic and immunologic properties of 2 new members of the Col SK group of viruses. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 5, 14 (1952).
Verlinde, J. D. and A. Klarenbeek: Studies on immunity in poliomyelitis. I. Homologous immunity produced with ultraviolet-irradiated adsorbate vaccine. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 5, 27 (1952).
Verlinde, J. D. and J. H. Molron: Mixed infection with Type II poliomyelitis virus and Columbia SK group virus in man. An attempt to explain any relation of viruses of the Columbia SK group to human poliomyelitis. Ant. van Leeuwenhoek 20, 129 (1954).
Verlinde, J. D and E. Nihoul: Excretion of poliomyelitis virus by healthy contact persons. Nederland. Tijdschr. Geneesk. 94, 1186 (1950).
Verlinde, J. D. and H. E. van Tongeren: Human infections with viruses of the Columbia SK group. Arch. ges. Virusforschg. 5, 217 (1953).
Verlinde, J. D., H. A. E. van Tongeren and A. Kret: Myocarditis in newborns due to group B Coxsackie virus. Virus studies. Ann. Paediat. 187, 113 (1956).
Verlinde, J. D., P. Waller-Fetter and P. de Baan: Studies on haemagglutination by the EMC-MM-Columbia SK group of viruses. IV. Experiments with egg-adapted virus. Ant. van Leeuwenhoek 17, 183 (1951).
Vieuxchange, J.: La transmission de la poliomyélite à la souris blanche. Presse Méd. No. 32, 435 (1945).
Vivell, O.: (1) Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Virusinterferenz. Tag. Südwestdeutscher Kinderärzte. Tübingen, 1950.
— (2) Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Selbstinterferenz des MM-Virus. Zeitschr. Kinderhk. 70, 113 (1951).
— (3) Über Interferenzerscheinungen bei Infektionskrankheiten. Ergeb. inn. Med. u. Kinderhk. 2, 680 (1951).
— (4) Dtsch. Gesellschft. Kinderhk., Heidelberg, 1951.
— (5) Über eine serologische Methode zum Nachweis einer Infektion mit murinen Poliomyelitisviren. Monatsschr. Kinderheilk. 100, 175 (1952).
Vivell, O., A. Gerstner und K. Yolageldili: Untersuchungen über die Hämagglu-tination von Viren der Parapoliomyelitisgruppe. III. Mitteilung/Zur Frage der Spezifität des Hämagglutinationshemmungstestes sowie weitere Ergebnisse serologischer Studien. Zeitschr. Immunforschg. 109, 527 (1952).
Vivell, O. und E. Mauer: Untersuchungen über die Hämagglutination von Viren der Parapoliomyelitisgruppe. I. Mitteilung. Zur Charakteristik des Hämaggluti-nationsphänomens. Zeitschr. Immunforschg. 109, 246 (1952).
Vivell, O., E. Schmitt und A. Gerstner: Untersuchungen über die Hämagglutination von Viren der Parapoliomyelitisgruppe. II. Mitteilung. Über einen neuen Hämagglutinationshemmungstest nach der Methode von Hirst. Zeitschr. Immun-forschg. 109, 274 (1952).
Warren, J.: (1) Encephalomyocarditis, Thomas Hivers: Viral and rickettsial infections of man. Philadelphia, Lippincott Comp., 1st. ed. 1948, 2nd ed. 1952.
— (2) Viruses of the encephalomyocarditis group. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 56, 609 (1953).
Warren, J. and J. E. Smadel: (1) A serological relationship between the virus of encephalomyocarditis and certain strains of poliomyelitis viruses. Federat. Proc. 7 311 (1948).
— (2) Further observations on the virus of EMC. J. Bact. 51, 615 (1946).
Warren, J., J. E. Smadel and S. B. Russ: The family relationship of encephalomyocarditis, Columbia SK, MM and Mengo-encephalomyelitis viruses. J. Immunol. 62, 387 (1949).
Warren, J., S. B. Russ and H. Jeffries: Neutralizing antibody against viruses of the encephalomyocarditis group in the sera of wild rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 71, 376 (1949).
Weil, M. L. and J. Warren: The therapeutic failure of phenosulfazole (Darvisul) in mice infected with EMC or with MM viruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 70, 534 (1949).
Weil, M. L., J. Warren, S. S. Breese Jr., S. B. Russ and H. Jeffries: Separation of encephalomyocarditis virus from tissue components by means of protamine precipitation and enzymic digestion. J. Bact. 63, 99 (1952).
Wenner, H. A. and E. F. Rabe: Recovery of virus from iregonal lymph nodes of fatal cases of poliomyelitis. Am. J. Med. Sc. 222, 292 (1951).
Weinbren, M. P.: Encephalomyocarditis Virus. The Mengo strain in mongooses and other animals. East African Virus Research Inst. Report, 1955/56, Nairobi.
Winsser, H.: personal communication.
Wohlfart, G.: Muscular changes in poliomyelitis. Second Internat. Poliomyelitis Conference.’ Copenhagen, 1952, p. 524.
Wolf, A.: Studies in rodent poliomyelitis. IV. The pathology of murine and cavian poliomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 76, 53 (1942).
Wood, H. G. and J. J. Rusoff: Protective action of trypan red against infection by neurotropic virus. J. Exp. Med. 82, 297 (1945).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1958 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jungeblut, C.W. (1958). Columbia SK Group of Viruses. In: Hallauer, C., Meyer, K.F. (eds) Handbuch der Virusforschung. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7885-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7885-0_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7886-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-7885-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive