Skip to main content

A Fire Model for 2-D Computer Animation

  • Conference paper
Computer Animation and Simulation ’96

Part of the book series: Eurographics ((EUROGRAPH))

Abstract

In this paper we present a model for fire in 2-D animation. Here the emphasis is on a stylistic representation of fires and the flames which arise from the bodies of such fires. We show how to devise a skeleton framework for generating animation sequences which match the hand-drawn series, and in particular how to match the flame orientations, shapes, and the connection curves, as required by the simulated style, between them. The parameters associated with these skeletons, flame types and connection curves are brought together into a matrix tableau for the particular representation of the fire base in the model. The model for the flames at the top of the fire are made up from of three simple sub-models. By stochastically varying the parameters the model can generate plausible looking sequences of animated fire and include the effects of wind straightforwardly.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Agui T., Kohno Y. and Nakajima M., “Generating 2-dimensional flame images in computer graphics”, Trans. IECE of Japan, vol 2 (1991), pp.184–189.

    Google Scholar 

  2. ammo: USER’S GUIDE (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chiba N., Muraoka K., Takahashi H. and Miura M., “Two dimensional visual simulation of flames, smoke and the spread of fire”, Visualization and Computer Animation, vol. 5 (1994), pp.37–53.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gardner G., “Fractal ellipsoid fire“, SIGGRAPH video Review, vol. 14 (1992), pp. 184–189 Issue 81.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Harold W., Timing for Animation, Focal Press Limited, London, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Inakage M., “A simple model of flames”, CGI’90, (1990), pp.71–81.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Nishita T. and Miyawaki Y. and Nakamae E., “A shading model for atmospheric scattering considering luminous intensity distribution of light sources”, Computer Graphics, vol. 21 (1987), pp.303–310.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Nishita T. and Nakamae E., “A display method of uniform particles in the atmosphere”, Proc. 35th Annual Convention IPS Japan, (1987), pp.2307–2308.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ohshima T. and Itahashi S., “Texture animation”, Proc. NICOGRAPH’88, (1988), pp.110–119.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Perlin K., “An image synthesizer”, Computer Graphics, vol. 19 (1985), pp.278–296.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Reeves W. T., “Particle system-a technique for modeling a class of fussy objects”, Computer Graphics, vol. 17 (1983), pp.358–376.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sakas G., “Modeling and animating turbulent gaseous phenomena”, The Visual Computer, vol. 9 (1993), pp.200–212.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sakas G. and Gerth M., “Sampling and anti-aliasing of discrete 3-D volume density textures”, EUROGRAPHICS’92, (1992), pp.107–117.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Stam J. and Fiume E., “Depicting fire and other gaseous phenomena using diffusion”, Computer Graphics, (1995), pp.129–136.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Thalmann N. M. and Thalmann D., Image synthesis, Springer-Verlag, 1987

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this paper

Cite this paper

Yu, J., Patterson, J.W. (1996). A Fire Model for 2-D Computer Animation. In: Boulic, R., Hégron, G. (eds) Computer Animation and Simulation ’96. Eurographics. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7486-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7486-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82885-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-7486-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics