Skip to main content

Non-operative Management of Intracranial Hypertension

  • Chapter
Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery

Part of the book series: Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery ((NEUROSURGERY,volume 1))

Abstract

The brain, by being encased in a container with rigid walls, is unique among the organs of the human body. The restricted ability of the intracranial contents to expand implies that the intracranial pressure (ICP) is a parameter of central importance for the intracranial dynamics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, R. W., Gronert, G. A., Sundt, T. M., and Michenfelder, J. D., 1972: Halothane, hypocapnia and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in neurosurgery. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 320–325. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, S. C., Cohen, P. J., Wollman, H., Smith, T. C., Reivich, M., and van der Molen, R. A., 1965: Cerebral carbohydrate metabolism during hypocarbia in man. Anesthesiology 26, 624–632.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ames, A. III, Wright, R. L., Kowada, M., Thurston, J. M., and Majno, G., 1968: Cerebral ischaemia. II. The no-reflow phenomenon. Amer. J. Path. 52, 437–454.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antoni, N., 1946: Pressure curves from the cerebrospinal fluid. Acta med. seand., suppl. 170, pp. 439–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D. P., and Vries, J. K., 1972: The alleviation of increased intracranial pressure by the chronic administration of osmotic agents. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 309–315. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Behring, E. A., Jr., 1951: A simplified apparatus for constant ventricular drainage. J. Neurosurg. 8, 450–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avman, N., 1960: The use of hypertonic urea solutions in hypothermia. J. Neurosurg. 17, 1073–1082.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taren, J. A., McMurrey, J..D., and Bernard, W. F., 1956: Studies on hypothermia in monkeys. II. The effect of hypothermia on the general physiology and cerebral metabolism of monkeys in the hypothermic state. Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 102, 134–138.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, I. R., and Ducker, T. B., 1969: Pulmonary, somatic and splanchnic circulatory responses to increased intracranial pressure. Ann. Surg. 169, 210216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigelow, W. G., Lindsay, W. K., Harrison, R. C., Gordon, R. A., and Greenwood, W. F., 1950: Oxygen transport and utilization in dogs at low body temperatures. Amer. J. Physiol. 160, 125–137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, M., 1967: Cerebral effects of rewarming following prolonged hypothermia: significance for the management of severe cranio-cerebral injury and acute pyrexia. Brain 90, 769–783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boerema, I., Wildschut, A., Schmidt, W. J. H., and Broekhuysen, L., 1951: Experimental researches into hypothermia as an aid in the surgery of the heart. Preliminary communication. Arch. chir. neerl. 3, 25–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botterell, E. H., Lougheed, W. M., Scott, J. W., and Vandewater, S. L., 1956: Hypothermia, and interruption of carotid, or carotid and vertebral circulation, in the surgical management of intracranial aneurysms. J. Neurosurg. 13, 1–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouzarth, W. F., and Madow, L., 1966: A technique for immediate hypothermia and arteriography after cranial trauma. J. Trauma 6, 56–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bozza-Marrubini, M., Rossanda, M., and Tretola, L., 1964: The role of artificial hyperventilation in the control of brain tension during neurosurgical operations. Brit. J. Anaesth. 36, 415.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, M., and Dietz, H., 1972: Intracranial pressure. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, F. K., 1956: Cardiovascular effects of acutely raised intracranial pressure. Amer. J. Physiol. 185, 510–514.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, D. A., Langfitt, T. W., Miller, J. D., Schutz, H., Yapalahti, M. P., Stanek, A., Goldberg, H. I., 1973: Regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain metabolism in comatose patients. J. Neurosurg. 38, 131–144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buekell, M., 1964: Blood changes on intravenous administration of mannitol or urea for reduction of intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients. Clin. Sci. 27, 223–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantore, G. P., Guidetti, B., and Virno, M., 1964: Oral glycerol for the reduction of intracranial pressure. J. Neurosurg. 21, 278–283.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, R. C. R., 1968: Heart damage associated with intracranial lesions. Brit. Med. J. 3, 29–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, R., and Hulme, A., 1966: Intracranial pressure and related phenomena during sleep. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 29, 564–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cushing, H., 1902: Some experimental and clinical observations concerning states of increased intracranial tension. Amer. J. med. Sei. 124, 375–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, R.W. P., Page, L., Galicich, J., and Watters, G. V., 1968: Formation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in man. Brain 91, 707–720.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dandy, W. E., and Blackfan, K. D., 1914: Internal hydrocephalus. An experimental clinical and pathological study. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 8, 406–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davson, H., 1967: Physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid. London: J. and A. Churchill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth, G., and Segal, M. B., 1970: The mechanism of drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid. Brain 93, 665–678.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ducker, T. B., 1968: Increased intracranial pressure and pulmonary edema. Part I: Clinical study of 11 patients. J. Neurosurg. 28, 112–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J. P., Espey, F. F., Kristoff, F. V., Kimbell, F. D., and Ryder, H. W., 1951: Experimental and clinical observations on rising intracranial pressure. Arch. Surg. 63, 107–114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitch, W., and McDowall, D. G., 1971: Effect of halothane on intracranial pressure gradients in the presence of intracranial space-occupying lesions. Brit. J. Anaesth. 43, 904–912.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fog, M., 1933: Influence of intracranial hypertension upon the cerebral circulation. Acta psychiat. scand. 8, 191–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, N.E.,and Jeffers, W.A. 1939–1940: Effects of progressive sympathectomy on hypertension produces by increased intracranial pressure. Amer. J. Physiol. 128, 662–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • French, L. A., and Galicich, J. H., 1964: The use of steroids for control of cerebral edema. Clin. Neurosurg. 10, 212–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galicich, J. H., and French, L. A., 1961: Use of dexamethasone in the treatment of cerebral edema resulting from brain tumours and brain surgery. Amer. Practit. 12, 169–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galle, P., und Staudacher, M., 1968: Einfluß entwässernder Medikamente auf den Liquordruck beim Schädelhirntrauma. Med. klin. 63, 16–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gänshirt, H., Hirsch, H., Krenkel, W., Schneider, M., und Zylka, W., 1954: Über den Einfluß der Temperatursenkung auf die Erholungsfähigkeit des Warmblütergehirns. Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 222, 431–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goluboff, B., Shenkin, H. A., Haft, H., 1964: The effects of mannitol and urea on cerebral hemodynamics and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Neurology 14, 891–898.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, E., 1971: Controlled respiration in the management of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Acta anaesth. scand. 15, 193–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granholm, L., Lukjanova, L., and Siesjö, B. K., 1969: The effect of marked hyperventilation upon tissue levels of NADH, lactate, pyruvate, phosphocreatine, and adenosine phosphates of rat brain. Acta physiol. scand. 77, 179–190.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, J. C., and Tindall, G. T., 1965: Effect of acute increase in intracranial pressure on blood flow in the internal carotid artery of man. J. clin. Invest. 44, 1343–1351.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grote, W., und Wüllenweber, R., 1960: Über “Liquordruekkrisen”— spontane Druckschwankungen bei intraeraniellen Liquorpassagestörungen. Acta neurochir. 9, 125–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guttman, L., 1936: Physiologie und Pathologie der Liquormechanik und Liquor-dynamik. In: Handbuch der Neurologie, O. Bumke und O. Foerster (Eds.), pp. 1–107. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, W. E., and Glower, B. R., 1971: Myocardial damage after head trauma and simulated intracranial haemorrhage in mice: the role of the autonomic nervous system. Cardio vase. Res. 5, 524–529.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa, T., Kanai, N., Kuroda, R., Yamada, R., and Mogami, H., 1971: Response of cerebrospinal fluid pressure to hyperbaric oxygenation. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 34, 580–586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges, T. R., Weinstein, J. D., Kassell, N. F., and Stein, S., 1964: Cerebrovascular responses to increased intracranial pressure. J. Neurosurg. 21, 292–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hekmatpanah, J., 1970: Cerebral circulation and perfusion in experimental increased intracranial pressure. J. Neurosurg. 32, 21–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen, H. T., and Jorgensen, P. B., 1973: The effect of nitrous oxide on intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial disorders. Brit. J. Anaesth. 45, 486–492.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, J. S., 1928: Combined ventricular and lumbar puncture in diagnosis of brain tumour; further studies. J. Amer. med. Ass. 90, 1524–1525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, H. E., and Breckenridge, C. G., 1954: Intrinsic mechanisms in periodic breathing. Arch. Neurol, and Psychiat. 72, 11–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingraham, F. C., and Campbell, J. B., 1941: An apparatus for closed drainage of the ventricular system. Ann. Surg. 114, 1096–1098.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingvar, D. H., and Lundberg, N., 1961: Paroxysmal symptoms in intracranial hypertension, studied with ventricular fluid pressure recording and electroencephalography. Brain 84, 446–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, I., Harper, A.M., and McDowall, D. G., 1964: The effect of oxygen at 1 and 2 athmospheres on the blood flow and oxygen uptake of cerebral cortex. Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 119, 737–742.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janny, P., 1950: La pression intracranienne chez l’homme. Thèse: Faculté de Medicine, Paris. Reprinted: Clermont-Reproduetion, Clermont-Ferrand, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jouan, J. P., Janny, L., Gourgand, M., and Gueit, U.M., 1972a: A statistical approach to long-term monitoring of intracranial pressure. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 59–64. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lapalus, J., Chabannes, J., et Montrieul, B., 1972b: Étude comparative clinique et manométrique des solutions hypertoniques et des corticoïdes dans le traitement de l’hypertension intra-cranienne. Neurochirurgie 18, 121–136.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Javid, M., and Settlage, P., 1956: Effect of urea on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in human subjects. Preliminary report. J. Amer. med. Ass. 160, 943–949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Javid, M., and Settlage, P., 1957: Clinical use of urea for reduction of intracranial pressure. Trans. Amer. neurol. Ass. 151–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J., 1958: Observations on the use of urea in rhesus monkeys. Surg. Forum 9, 686–690.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, G., and Johnson, R. T., 1950: The cause of loss of consciousness in posterior fossa compressions. Folia psychiat. neerl. 53, 306–319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennett, W. B., and Johnston, I. H., 1972: The uses of intracranial pressure monitoring in clinical management. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 353–356. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jeppsson, P. G., and Nielsen, K., 1955: The effect of hypothermia on lesions of the blood-brain barrier produced by Umbradil. In: Proc. 2nd int. Congr. Neuropath., London 1955, pp. 411–413. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. H., 1972: Cerebrospinal fluid. In: Scientific Foundations of Neurology. M. Critchley, J. L. O’Leary and B. Jennett (Eds.), pp. 281–288. London: WiF. iam Heinemann Medical Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, I. H., Paterson, A., Harper, A. M., and Jennett, W. B., 1972: The effect of mannitol on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 176–180. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Key, A., und Retzius, G., 1875: Anatomie des Nervensystems und des Bindegewebes, Vol. I. Stockholm: P. A. Nordstedt and Söner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjällquist, Å., Lundberg, N., and Pontén, U, 1964: Respiratory and cardiovascular changes during rapid spontaneous variations of ventricular fluid pressure in patients with intracranial hypertension. Acta neurol. scand. 40, 291–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klatzo, I., 1972: Pathophysiological aspects of brain edema. In: Steroids and Brain Edema, H. J. Reulen and K. Schürmann (Eds.), pp. 1–7. Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisniewski, H., Steinwall, O., and Streicher, E., 1967: Dynamics of cold injury edema. In: Brain Edema, I. Klatzo and F. Seitelberger (Eds.), pp. 554–563. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kofman, S., Garvin, J. S., and Nagamani, D., 1957: Treatment of cerebral metastases from breast carcinoma with prednisolone. J. Amer. med. Ass. 163, 1473–1476.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kullberg, G., 1972: A method for statistical analysis of intracranial pressure recordings. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 65–69. Berlin - Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • West, K. A., 1965: Influence of corticosteroids on the ventricular fluid pressure. Acta neurol. scand. 41, Suppl. 13 /11, 445–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundbärg, G., 1970: A method for the automatic statistical analysis of intracranial pressure recordings. Proceedings of Scand. Neurosurg. Soc. 22nd Ann. Meeting, Stockholm, 1970. Acta neurol. scand. 46, 631.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kusske, J. A., Turner, P. T., Ojemann, G. A., and Harris, A. B., 1973: Ventriculostomy for the treatment of acute hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J. Neurosurg. 38, 591–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laborit, H., et Huguenard, P., 1951: L’hibernation artifieielle par moyens pharmaco- dynamiques et physiques. Presse med. 59, 1329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langfitt, T. W., 1973: Increased intracranial pressure. In: Neurological Surgery, Vol. I, J. R. Youmans (Ed.), pp. 443–495. Philadelphia-London-Toronto: W. B. Saunders Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, J. D., Kassel, N. F., and Simeone, F. A., 1964: Transmission of increased intracranial pressure. I. Within the craniospinal axis. J. Neurosurg. 21, 989–997.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, J. D., Kassel, N. F., and Simeone, F. A., 1965: Cerebral vasomotor paralysis produced by intracranial hypertension. Neurology (Minneap.) 15, 622–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, J. D., Kassel, N. F., and Simeone, F. A., 1966: Vascular factors in head injury. In: Head Injury, Conference Proceedings, W. F. Caveness, and A. E. Walker (Eds.), pp. 172–194. Philadelphia- Toronto: J. B. Lippincott Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. L. F., 1967: Contributions of trauma, anoxia, and arterial hypertension to experimental acute brain swelling. Trans. Amer. Neurol. Ass. 92, 257–259.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lassen, N. A., 1964: Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Circulat. Res. Vols. 14 and 15, 1: 201–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lassen, N. A., 1966: The luxury-perfusion syndrome and its possible relation to acute metabolic acidosis localized within the brain. Lancet 2, 1113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazorthes, G., and Campan, L., 1958: Hypothermia in the treatment of craniocerebral traumatism. J. Neurosurg. 15, 162–167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Löfgren, J., 1973: Pressure-volume relationships of the cerebrospinal fluid system. An experimental analysis in dogs. Thesis. Göteborg: Elanders Boktryckeri AB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzo, A. V., Page, L. K., and Watters, G. V., 1970: Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid formation, absorption and pressure in human hydrocephalus. Brain 93, 679–692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, N. 1960: Continuous recording and control of ventricular fluid pressure in neurosurgical practice. Acta psychiat. scand. 36, Suppl. 149

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, N., 1969: Results of total and subtotal removal of acoustic neuromas. In: Disorders of the skull base region. Nobel Symposium 10, C.-A. Hamberger, and J. Wersäll (Eds.), pp. 113–119. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, N., 1972: Monitoring of the intracranial pressure. In: Scientific foundations of neurology, M. Critchley, J. L. O’Leary, and B. Jennett (Eds.), pp. 356– 371. London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, N., Nielsen, K. C., and Nilsson, E., 1956: Deep hypothermia in intracranial surgery. J. Neurosurg. 13, 235–247.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg, N., Kjällquist, Å., and Bien, C., 1959: Reduction of increased intracranial pressure by hyperventilation. A therapeutic aid in neurological surgery. Acta psychiat. scand. 34, Suppl. 139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, K. C., 1959: Hypothermia in the treatment of cerebral tumours. In: First international congress of neurological surgery, Brussels 1957, pp. 52–60. London: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pontén, U, 1963: Some observations on postoperative ventricular fluid pressure. Acta neurol. scand. 39, 264–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troupp, H., and Lorin, H., 1965: Continuous recording of the ventricular-fluid pressure in patients with severe acute traumatic brain injury: a preliminary report. J. Neurosurg. 22, 581–590.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • West, K. A., 1965: Leakage as a source of error in measurement of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure by lumbar puncture. Acta neurol. scand. 41, Suppl. 13, 115–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronqvist, S., and Kjällquist, Å., 1968: Clinical investigations on interrelations between intracranial pressure and intracranial hemodynamics. In: Cerebral circulation. Progress in brain research, Vol. 30, W. Luyendijk (Ed.), pp. 70–75. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowall, D. G., Barker, J., and Jennett, W. B., 1966: Cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements during anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 21, 189–201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wüllenweber, R., 1972: Comments to session 9. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 326–327. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, W. J. S., Jackson, J. L. F., and Langfitt, T. W., 1969: Brain swelling caused by trauma and arterial hypertension. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 21, 545–553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins, A. N., Wiley, J. K., and Myers, P. W., 1972: Dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid and the spinal dura mater. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 35, 468–473.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marx, G. F., Andrews, C., and Orkin, L. R., 1962: Cerebrospinal fluid pressure during halothane anaesthesia. Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J. 9, 239–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, M.S., and Raaf, J., 1961: Physiological alterations and clinical effects of urea-induced diuresis. J. Neurosurg. 18, 645–653.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, R. E., Long, D. M., and French, L. A., 1972: The clinical effects of a synthetic gluco-corticoid used for brain edema in the practice of neurosurgery. In: Steroids and brain edema, H. J. Reulen and K. Schürmann (Eds.), pp. 219–232. Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J. S., and Hunter, J., 1957: Effects of hypothermia on local blood flow and metabolism during cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. J. Neurosurg. 14, 210–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. D., Ledingham, I. McA., and Jennett, W. B., 1970: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow in experimental cerebral oedema. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 33, 745–755.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ledingham, I. McA., 1971: Reduction of increased intracranial pressure. Comparison between hyperbaric oxygen and hyperventilation. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 24, 210–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garibi, J., 1972: Intracranial volume/pressure relationships during continuous monitoring of ventricular fluid pressure. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 270–274. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, K. C., Nordström, L., and Silfvenius, H., 1962: Hypothermia with air cooling in neurosurgical operations under ether anaesthesia. Acta anaesth. scand. Suppl. 12, 53–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noell, W., und Schneider, M., 1944: Über die Durchblutung und die Sauerstoffversorgung des Gehirns. IV. Die Rolle der Kohlensäure. Pflügers Arch. 247, 514–527.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noell, W., und Schneider, M., 1948: Zur Hämodynamik der Gehirndurchblutung bei Liquordrucksteigerung. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 118–180, 713–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nornes, H., 1973a: Pressure transducer with disposable measuring head for ventricular fluid pressure monitoring. Acta neurol. scand. 49, 252–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nornes, H., 1973b: The role of intracranial pressure in the arrest of hemorrhage in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm. J. Neurosurg. 39, 226–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnaes, B., 1971: Supratentorial epidural pressure recorded during posterior fossa surgery. J. Neurosurg. 35, 541–549.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • North, J. B., and Jennett, S., 1972: Impedance pneumography for the detection of abnormal breathing patterns associated with brain damage. Lancet 2, 212–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivecrona, H., 1940: Chirurgische Behandlung der Geschwülste. In: Die Spezielle Chirurgie der Gehirnkrankheiten, Vol. 3, F. Krause (Ed.), pp. 193–265. Stuttgart: F. Enke.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappius, H. M., and Dayes, L. A., 1965: Hypertonie urea. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 13, 395–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, R. L., Polanco, O., Turney, S. Z., McAslan, T. C., and Cowley, A., 1972: Intracranial pressure response to alterations in arterial carbon dioxide pressure in patients with head injuries. J. Neurosurg. 36, 714–720.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plum, F., and Posner, J. B., 1972: The diagnosis of stupor and coma. Second edition. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pontén, IL, Kjällquist, Å., Lundberg, N., and Nilsson, L., 1968: Monitoring of the cerebral “perfusion pressure” in patients with intracranial hypertension. A preliminary report. Proceedings of Scand. Neurosurg. Soc. 20th Ann. Meeting, Uppsala, 1967. Acta neurol. scand. 44, 251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kågström, E., and Sundbärg, G., 1973: Ventricular fluid drainage after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: 5th international congress of neurological surgery, Congress series, No. 293. R. Carrea, S. Ishii, and D. Le Vay (Eds.), p. 49. Amsterdam: Exerpta Medica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool, J. H., and Potts, D. Y., 1965: Aneurysms and arteriovenous anomalies of the brain. Diagnosis and treatment, p. 201. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poppen, J. L., 1943: Ventricular drainage as a valuable procedure in neurosurgery. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 50, 587–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prados, M., Strowger, B., and Feindel, W., 1945: Studies on cerebral edema. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 54, 290–300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ransohoff, J., 1972: The effects of steroids on brain edema in man. In: Steroids and brain edema, H. J. Reulen and K. Schürmann (Eds.), pp. 211–217. Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, D. J., and Woodbury, D. M., 1962a: Effect of hypertonic urea on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and brain volume. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 164, 252–264.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, D. J., and Woodbury, D. M.,1962b: Effect of urea and acetazolamide on brain volume and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 164, 265–273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reivich, M., Dickson, J., Clark, J., Hedden, M., and Lambertsen, C. J., 1968: Role of hypoxia in cerebral circulatory and metabolic changes during hypocarbia in man: studies in hyperbaric milieu. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. Suppl. 102, IV: B.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reulen, H. J., and Schürmann, K., 1972: Steroids and brain edema. Berlin-Heidelberg- New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risberg, J., Lundberg, N., and Ingvar, D. H., 1969: Regional cerebral blood volume during acute transient rises of the intracranial pressure (plateau waves). J. Neurosurg. 31, 303–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosomoff, H. L., 1959: Experimental brain injury during hypothermia. J. Neurosurg. 16, 177–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosomoff, H. L., 1962: Distribution of intracranial contents after hypertonic urea. J. Neurosurg. 19, 859–864.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holaday, D. A., 1954: Cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption during hypothermia. Amer. J. Physiol. 179, 85–88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clasen, R. A., Hartstock, R., and Bebin, J., 1965: Brain reaction to experimental injury after hypothermia. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 13, 337–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossanda, M., 1968: Prolonged hyperventilation in treatment of unconscious patients with severe brain injuries. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. Suppl. 102, XIII: E.

    Google Scholar 

  • di Giugno, G., Corona, S., Bettinazzi, N., and Mangione, G., 1966: Oxygen supply to the brain and respirator treatment in severe comatose states. Acta anaesth. scand. Suppl. 23, 766.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowan, J. O., Johnston, I. H., Harper, A. M., and Jennett, W. B., 1972: Perfusion pressure in intracranial hypertension. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 165–170. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roy, C. S., and Sherrington, C. S., 1890: On the regulation of the blood-supply of the brain. J. Physiol. 11, 85–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, H. W., Espey, F. F., Kimbell, F. D., Penka, E. J., Rosenauer, A., Podolsky, B., and Evans, J. P., 1952: Influence of changes in cerebral blood flow on the cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 68, 165–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, H. W., Espey, F. F., Kimbell, F. D., Penka, E. J., Rosenauer, A., Podolsky, B., and Evans, J. P., 1953: The mechanism of the change in cerebrospinal fluid pressure following an induced change in the volume of the fluid space. J. Lab. clin. Med. 41, 428–435.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schettini, A., Cook, A. W., and Owre, E. S., 1967: Hyperventilation in craniotomy for brain tumour. Anesthesiology 28, 363–371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schoolar, J. C., Barlow, C. F., and Roth, L. J., 1960: The penetration of carbon-14 urea into cerebrospinal fluid and various areas of the cat brain. J. Neuropath, exp. Neurol. 19, 216–227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schutta, H. S., Kassell, N. F., and Langfitt, T. W., 1968: Brain swelling produced by injury and aggravated by arterial hypertension. A light and electron microscopic study. Brain 91, 281–294.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sedzimir, C. R., 1959: Therapeutic hypothermia in cases of head injury. J. Neuro- surg. 16, 407–414.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, H. M., Wyte, S. R., Harris, A. B., and Galindo, A., 1972: Disposable system for intraventricular pressure measurement and CSF drainage. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. 36, 798–801.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loeser, J., 1974: Barbiturateaugmented hypothermia for reduction of persistent intracranial hypertension. J. Neurosurg. 40, 90–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shenkin, H. A., Goluboff, B., and Haft, H., 1962: The use of mannitol for the reduction of intracranial pressure in intracranial surgery. J. Neurosurg. 19, 897–901.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, K., and Rosomoff, H. L., 1959: Effect of hypothermia on mortality in experimental injury to the brain. Amer. J. Surg. 98, 704–705.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sisson, W. B., and Oldendorf, W. H., 1971: Brain distribution spaces of mannitol-3H, inulin-14C, dextran-14C in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 221, 214–217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smyth, G. E., and Henderson, W. R., 1938: Observations on the cerebrospinal fluid pressure on simultaneous ventricular and lumbar punctures. J. Neurol. Psychiat. 1, 226–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sondergaard, W., 1961: Intracranial pressure during general anaesthesia. Dan. med. Bull. 8, 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strang, F. A., 1971: Relationship of central respiratory disturbances to sleep and disorders of consciousness. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 64, 484–489.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundbärg, G., Kjällquist, Ä., Lundberg, N., and Ponten, U., 1972: Complications due to prolonged ventricular fluid pressure recording in clinical practice. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 348–352. Berlin- Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symon, L., Dorsch, N. W. C., and Stephens, R. J., 1972: Long term measurement of extradural pressure in “low pressure” hydrocephalus. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 280–285. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tindali, G. T., McGraw, C. P., Vanderveer, R. W., and Iwata, K., 1972: Cardiorespiratory changes associated with plateau waves in patients with head injury. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 227–231. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tolksdorf, S., 1959: Laboratory evaluation of anti-inflammatory steroids. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei. 82, 829–835.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tourtellotte, W. W., Reinglass, J. L., and Newkirk, T. A., 1972: Cerebral dehydration action of glycerol. I. Historical aspects with emphasis on the toxicity and intravenous administration. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 13, 159–171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Troupp, H., 1967: Intraventricular pressure in patients with severe brain injuries. J. Trauma 7, 875–883.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuurne, T., Kaste, M., Yapalahti, M., and Yaltonen, S., 1972: Intraventricular pressure after severe brain injuries: prognostic value and correlation with blood pressure and jugular venous oxygen tension. In: Intracranial Pressure, M. Brock and H. Dietz (Eds.), pp. 222–226. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yirno, M., Chiavarelli, S., et Cantore, G. P., 1961: Azione del glicerolo sull’edema cerebrale nel coniglio dopo eraniectomia. Gazz. int. Med. Chir. 66, 3509–3515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weed, L. H., 1914: The pathways of escape from the subarachnoid spaces with particular reference to the arachnoid villi. J. med. Res. 31, 51–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weed, L. H., 1935: Certain anatomical and physiological aspects of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Brain 58, 383–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKibben, P. S., 1919: Pressure changes in cerebrospinal fluid following intravenous injection of solutions of various concentrations. Amer. J. Physiol. 48, 512–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, K., and Friedman, V., 1960: The cerebrospinal fluid valves. Brain 83, 454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. J., Dakters, J. G., Yashon, D., and Albin, M. S., 1969: Temporary control of cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure by means of an externalized valve- drainage system. J. Neurosurg. 30, 264–269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise, B. L., and Chater, N., 1961: Effect of mannitol on cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Arch. Neurol. (Chic.) 4, 96–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wise, B. L., and Chater, N., 1962: The value of hypertonic mannitol solution in decreasing brain mass and lowering cerebrospinal fluid pressure. J. Neurosurg. 19, 1038–1043.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, H. G., and Forbes, H. S., 1929: The cerebral circulation. Observations of the pial circulation during changes in intracranial pressure. In: The intracranial pressure in health and disease, J. Browder, A. M. Rabiner, and F. A. Mettler (Eds.), pp. 91–103. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R. D., 1938: Experimental observations on increased intracranial pressure. Aust. N. Z. J. Surg. 7–8, 215–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wyler, A. R., and Kelly, W. A., 1972: Use of antibiotics with external ventriculostomies. J. Neurosurg. 37, 185–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zwetnow, N. N., 1968: CBF autoregulation to blood pressure and intracranial pressure variations. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. Suppl. 102, V: A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwetnow, N. N., 1970: Effects of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure on the blood flow and on the energy metabolism of the brain. Thesis. Acta physiol. scand. Suppl. 339. Lund: Studentlitteratur

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1974 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lundberg, N., Kjällquist, Å., Kullberg, G., Pontén, U., Sundbärg, G. (1974). Non-operative Management of Intracranial Hypertension. In: Krayenbühl, H., et al. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 1. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7099-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7099-1_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7101-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-7099-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics