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Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis and their application for new therapeutic strategies

  • Conference paper
Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration

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Summary

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), is not yet known. Immunological, clinical and pathological studies suggest, however, that T lymphocytes directed against myelin antigens are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. The examination of an experimental animal model for MS, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), demonstrated that myelin basic protein- (MBP) or proteol-ipidprotein- (PLP) specific T cells mediate the destruction of CNS myelin. In recent years, elegant studies in EAE showed that encephalitogenic T cells recognize short peptides of MBP or PLP in the context of MHC/HLA-class II molecules, express a restricted number of T cell receptor (TCR) molecules and secrete interferon-y and tumor necrosis factor-α/β. Understanding the pathogenetic steps of demyelination at the molecular level led to highly specific immunotherapies of EAE targeting each individual molecule. MBP-and PLP-specific T cells with similar properties could also be isolated from MS patients and control individuals. Due to their heterogeneity in terms of specificity, function and TCR usage, it was difficult, however, to draw definite conclusions from these results, so far. The recent approval of interferon-β, a cytokine that antagonizes a number of the effects of interferon-γ, for the treatment of MS has raised great interest in examining novel strategies for immunotherapies in MS. The basic concepts as well as the current candidates for such new immunotherapies will be outlined in this brief article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen Medical School, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany

    Dr. R. Martin

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

    Y. Mizuno

  2. Institute of Pharmacology, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

    M. B. H. Youdim (Faculty of Medicine) (Faculty of Medicine)

  3. Neurodegenerative Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    D. B. Calne

  4. Clinical Research, Schering AG, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany

    R. Horowski

  5. Department of Neurology, University of Innsbruck, Austria

    W. Poewe

  6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany

    P. Riederer

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Martin, R. (1997). Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis and their application for new therapeutic strategies. In: Mizuno, Y., Youdim, M.B.H., Calne, D.B., Horowski, R., Poewe, W., Riederer, P. (eds) Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6844-8_6

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