Zusammenfassung
Pneumonien sind Infektionen des Lungen- parenchyms, die akut oder chronisch ver- laufen. Aufgrund des Orts, wo der Patient mit Pneumonie erkrankt, unterscheidet man die außerhalb des Spitals von der während eines Spitalaufenthaltes erworbenen, nosokomialen Pneumonie. Diese Einteilung ist bedeutsam, weil sich Erregerspektrum, antibiotische Therapie und Prognose unter- scheiden. Nach Ausdehnung und radiologi- schem Muster differenziert man zwischen Bronchopneumonie (kleine Atemwege und umgebende Alveolarregion betroffen), Lobär- und Segmentpneumonie (Lungen- lappen und Lappensegment befallen) und interstitieller Pneumonie (entzündli- cher Prozeß vor allem im Interstitium). Pa- thogenetisch kommt es durch eine Störung der natürlichen Abwehrmechanismen (Filter im Nasopharynx, mukoziliäre Clearance, Alveolarmakrophagen, humorale und zelluläre Immunabwehr) zum Eindringen von Erregern in die unteren Atemwege und zur Entzündung.
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Achermann, E., Medici, T.C. (2000). Antibiotische Therapie auβerhalb des Spitals erworbener Pneumonien. In: Kummer, F., Konietzko, N., Medici, T.C. (eds) Pharmakotherapie bronchopulmonaler Erkrankungen. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6761-8_38
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6761-8_38
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