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P53 - from benchwork to clinical application

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Forschung ohne Tierversuche 2000

Part of the book series: Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zu Tierversuchen ((TIERVERSUCHE))

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Summary

Emerging evidence suggests that anticancer treatments may induce apoptosis in tumor cells. The long-standing dogma that cytotoxic therapy target selectively rapidly dividing cells seems to loose importance.

A major mode of resistance to antitumor therapy may be insensitivity to apoptosis induction. The p53 gene appears to be most commonly mutated in human cancers and has been recognized as important modulator of apoptosis.

In vitro experiments first suggested that the p53 status may be a strong determinant of response to treatment with DNA-damaging agents either chemotherapy or radiation. These results correlate with clinical observations that tumors with a high percentage of p53 mutations in generally respond poorly to cytotoxic treatment, whereas tumors that rarely exhibit p53 mutations can be cured even at advanced stages by chemotherapeutical intervention.

Retrospective analyses in patients with neoadjuvant treatment of advanced cancers have been initiated to correlate the results of p53 sequencing data with clinical response to therapy, hoping that such criteria will help tailoring cytotoxic treatment according to tumor biology and sparing patients from over- and undertreatment in the future.

Zusammenfassung

Experimentelle Arbeiten der letzten Zeit konnten zeigen, daß die Wirkung vieler Zytostatika nicht auf der Schädigung sich rasch teilender Tumorzellen, sondern vielmehr auf der Induktion der Apoptose beruht. Als bedeutender Modulator der Apoptose könnte das p53 Gen daher auch bei Resistenz gegen Zytostatika eine wichtige Rolle spielen, da Mutationen dieses Gens die häufigsten tumor-assoziierten genetischen Veränderungen darstellen.

Zunächst konnten in vitro- und in vivo-Experimente eine eindeutige Korrelation zwischen der Wirkung DNA-schädigender Substanzen (bestimmte Zytostatika und ionisiernde Strahlen) und dem p53 Genotyp herstellen. Diese Ergebnisse korrelieren mit klinischen Beobachtungen, daß Tumoren, die in einem hohen Prozentsatz p53 Mutationen aufweisen im allgemeinen schlecht auf zytostatische Therapie ansprechen, während solche Tumoren in denen selten p53 Mutationen zu finden sind (z.B. Seminome, Teratokarzinome) auch in fortgeschrittenen Stadien heilbar sind. Wir haben nun bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Lungen- und Brustkarzinomen retrospektive Analysen initiiert, um erstmals klinisch das Ansprechen auf neoadjuvante Therapie und den p53 Genotyp des Tumors zu korrelieren.

Sollte sich ein eindeutiger Zusammenhang ergeben, könnte der p53 Status in Zukunft als Parameter für eine individuelle Krebstherapie verwendet werden. Damit könnten Patienten vor unnötigen, weil unwirksamen Therapien bewahrt werden, aber auch die Ansprechraten durch gezielte tumorbiologische Selektion verbessert werden.

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© 2000 Springer-Verlag/Wien

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Kandioler-Eckersberger, D. (2000). P53 - from benchwork to clinical application. In: Schöffl, H., et al. Forschung ohne Tierversuche 2000. Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zu Tierversuchen. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6760-1_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6760-1_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-83046-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6760-1

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