Abstract
The Iceman was discovered on September 19,1991 at the “Tisenjoch”, a usually glacier-covered mountain pass at 3210 m altitude located at the Italian/Austrian border in the Ötztal Alps. Shortly thereafter, AMS measurements of 14C in bone and tissue of the Iceman revealed that he had died somewhere between 5300 and 5100 years ago (Bonani et al., 1992; Hedges et al., 1992; Bonani et al., 1994; Prinotoh—Fornwagner and Niklaus, 1994). Besides the body of the Iceman, numerous pieces of equipment of the Iceman and other materials associated with the finding place were recovered (Lippert, 1992; Bagolini et al., 1996). A small but representative fraction have now been radiocarbon dated at three different AMS laboratories. The present paper summarizes the results of these measurements (see also Rom etal., 1999).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson E. C., Libby W. F., Weinhouse S., Reid A. F., Kirschenbaum A. D. and Grosse A. V. (1947) Natural Radiocarbon from Cosmic Radiation. Phys. Rev. 72: 931–936
Arnold J. R. and Libby W. F. (1949) Age determinations by Radiocarbon Content: Checks with Samples of Known Age. Science 110: 678–680
Arnold M., Bard E., Maurice P. and Duplessy J. C. (1987) 14C Dating with the Gif-sur-Yvette Tandetron Accelerator: Status Report. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 29: 120–123
Bagolini B., Dal Ri L., Lippert A. und Nothdurfter H. (1996) Der Mann im Eis: Die Fundbergung 1992 am Tisenjoch, Gem. Schnals, Südtirol. In: Spindler K., Rastbichler-Zis-sernigg E.,Wilfling H., zur Nedden D. und Nothdurfter H. (eds.): Der Mann im Eis. Neue Funde und Ergebnisse. The Man in the Ice, vol. 2, Springer Verlag,Wien: 3–23
Bonani G., Ivy S., Niklaus Th. R., Suter M., Housley R. A., Bronk C. R., van Klinken G. J. and Hedges R. E. M. (1992) Altersbestimmung von Milligrammproben der Ötztaler Gletscherleiche mit der Beschleuniger-Massen-spektrometrie- Methode (AMS). In: Höpfel E, Platzer W. und Spindler K. (eds.): Der Mann im Eis, Bd. 1. VeröfTentli-chungen der Universitat Innsbruck 187:108–116
Bonani G., Ivy S., Hyjdas I., Niklaus Th. R. and Suter M. (1994) AMS 14C Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Öztal Iceman. Radiocarbon 36/2: 247–250
Bronk Ramsey C. (1995) Radiocarbon calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program. Radiocarbon 37(2): 425–430; available also on internet: http://units.ox.a-c.uk/departments/rlaha/oxcal/oxcal_h.html
Graedel Th. E. und Crutzen P. (1994) Chemie der Atmosphäre: Bedeutung für Klima und Umwelt. Spektrum Akade-mischer Verlag, Heidelberg: 511 pp
Hedges R. E. M., Housley R. A., Bronk C. R. and van Klinken G. J. (1992) Radiocarbon Dates from the Oxford AMS System: Archaeometry Datelist 15. Archaeometry 34(2): 337–357
Kitagawa H. and van der Plicht J. (1998) Atmospheric Radiocarbon Calibration to 45 000 yr B.P: Late Glacial Fluctuations and Cosmogenic Isotope Production. Science 279: 1187–1190
Kutschera W. (1997) Conference Summary: Trends in AMS. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B123: 594–598
Kutschera W., Collon P., Friedmann H., Golser R., Hille P., Priller A., Rom W., Steier P., Tagesen S., Wallner A., Wild E. and Winkler G (1997) VERA: A New AMS Facility in Vienna. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B123: 47–50
Leitner W (1995) Der “Hohle Stein” - eine steinzeitliche Jägerstation im hinteren Ötztal. (Archäologische Sonda-gen 1992/93). In: Spindler K., Witting H., Rastbichler-Zissernig E., zur Nedden D. und Nothdurfter, H. (eds.): Der Mann im Eis: Neue Funde und Ergebnisse.The Man in the Ice, vol. 2, Springer Verlag,Wien: 209–213
Levin I., Kromer B., Schoch-Fischer H., Bruns M., Münnich M., Berdau D., Vogel J. C. and Münnich K. O. (1985) 25 Years of Tropospheric 14C Observations in Central Europe. Radiocarbon 27(1): 1–19
Levin I. (1994) The Recent State of Carbon Cycling Through the Atmosphere. In: Zahn R., Pedersen T. F., Kaminski M. A. and Labeyrie L. (eds.): NATO ASI Series, Springer Verlag, Berlin, vol. I, 17: 3–13
Levin I. (1998) Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg (private communication)
Levin I. and Kromer B. (1997) Twenty Years of Atmospheric CO2 Observations at Schauinsland Station, Germany. Radiocarbon 39(2): 205–218
Libby W. F. (1946) Atmospheric Helium Three and Radiocarbon from Cosmic Radiation. Phys. Rev. 69: 671
Lippert A. (1992) Die erste archäologische Nachuntersuchung am Tisenjoch. In: Höpfel F., Platzer W. und Spindler K. (eds.): Der Mann im Eis, Bd. 1. Veröffentlichungen der Universität Innsbruck 187: 234–244
Middleton R. (1984) A Versatile High Intensity Negative Ion Source. Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. 214: 139–150
Middleton R. (1989) A Negative Ion Cookbook, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA. (unpublished)
Possnert G. (1984) AMS with the Uppsala EN Tandem Accelerator. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 5: 159–161
Priller A., Golser R., Hille P., Kutschera W., Rom W., Steier P., Wallner A. and Wild E. (1997) First Performance Tests of VERA. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B123: 193–198
Prinoth-Fornwagner R. and Niklaus Th. R. (1994) The Man in the Ice: Results from Radiocarbon Dating. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 92: 282–290
Rom W., Golser R., Kutschera W., Priller A., Steier P. and Wild E. (1998) Systematic Investigations of 14C Measurements at VERA. Radiocarbon 40(1): 255–263
Rom W., Golser R., Kutschera W, Priller A., Steier P. and Wild E. M. (1999) AMS 14C Dating of Equipment from the Iceman and of Spruce Logs from the Prehistoric Salt Mines of Hallstatt. Radiocarbon 41(2): 183–197
Rozanski K., Stichler W., Gonfiantini R., Scott E. M., Beukens R. P., Kromer B. and van der Plicht J. (1992) The IAEA 14C Intercomparison Exercise 1990. Radiocarbon 34(3): 506–519
Stuiver M. and Polach H. (1977) Discussion Reporting of 14C Data. Radiocarbon 19(3): 355–363
Stuiver M., Long A. and Kra R. S. (eds.) (1993) Calibration 1993. Radiocarbon 35(1): 1–244
Stuiver M., Reimer P. J., Bard E., Beck J. W., Burr G. S., Hughen K. A., Kromer B., McCormac G., van der Plicht J. and Spurk M. (1998) INTCAL 98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24 000–0 cal BP Radiocarbon 40(3): 1041–1083
Suter M., Baker R., Bonani G and Wölfli W. (1984) A fast Beam Pulsing System for Isotope Ratio Measurements, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 5: 242–246
Taylor R. E., Stuiver M. and Reimer P. J. (1996) Development and Extension of the Radiocarbon Time Scale: Archaeological Applications. Quart. Sci. Rev. 15: 655–668
Vogel J. S., Southon J. R., Nelson D. E. and Brown T. A. (1984) Performance of Catalytically Condensed Carbon for Use in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 5: 289–293
Vries H. de (1958) Variations in Concentration of Radiocarbon with Time and Location on Earth. Proceedings, Nederlandsche Akademie vanWetenschappen. Series B 61: 96–102
Wild E., Golser R., Hille P., Kutschera W., Priller A., Puchegger S., Rom W. and Steier P. (1998) First 14C Results from Archaeological and Forensic Studies at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator. Radiocarbon 40(1): 273–281
Zissernig E. (1992) Der Mann vom Hauslabjoch: Von der Ent-deckung bis zur Bergung. In: Höpfel F., Platzer W. und Spindler, K. (eds.): Der Mann im Eis, Bd. 1. Veröffentlichungen der Universität Innsbruck 187: 445–254
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kutschera, W. et al. (2000). Radiocarbon dating of equipment from the Iceman. In: Bortenschlager, S., Oeggl, K. (eds) The Iceman and his Natural Environment. The Man in the Ice, vol 4. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6758-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6758-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7403-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6758-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive