Summary
Neural tube defects (NTD) caused by abnormal neurulation are the major congenital anomalies which result in fetal or embryonic death, and medical, financial and social problems. The multifactorial events of neurulation have attracted researchers to identify the mechanisms of this disability.
Research focused on NTDs is one of the major topics in developmental experiments. Mammalian, avian, amphibian and computer models are used as fundamental models to discover specific events causing NTDs. There are advantages of working on some models: rats and mice are mammalian models of neurulation; amphibians and avian embryos are simple models and more practical.
Advancement in laboratory techniques has yielded more detailed information about neurulation which will assist in future with prevention and therapy of these defects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Breen JG, Claggett TW, Kimmel GL, Kimmel CA (1999) Heat shock during rat embryo development in vitro results in decreased mitosis and abundant cell death. Reprod Toxicol 13(1): 31–39.
Bush KT, Lynch FJ, DeNittis AS, Steinberg AB, Lee HY, Nagele RG (1990) Neural tube formation in the mouse: a morpho- metric and computerized three-dimensional reconstruction study of the relationship between apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells and the shape of the neuroepithelium. Anat Em- bryol 181(1): 49–58.
Butler H, Juurlink BHJ (1987) An atlas for staging mammalian and chick embryos. CRC Press. Inc, Florida.
Clausi DA, Brodland GW (1993) Mechanical evaluation of theories of neurulation using computer simulations. Development 118:1013–1023.
Copp A, Cogram P, Fleming A, Gerrelli D, Henderson D, Hynes A, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Murdoch J et al (2000) Neurulation and neural tube closure defects. Methods Mol Biol 136: 135–160.
Copp A J (1994) Genetic models of mammalian neural tube defects. Ciba Found Symp 181: 118–134.
Copp A J, Brook FA, Estibeiro JP, Shum AS, Cockroft DL (1990) The embryonic development of mammalian neural tube defects. Prog Neurobiol 35(5): 363–403.
Dale K, Sattar N, Heemskerk J, Clarke JD, Placzek M, Dodd J (1999) Differential patterning of ventral midline cells by axial mesoderm is regulated by BMP7 and chordin. Development 126(2): 397–408.
Dunnett D, Goodbody A, Stanisstreet M (1991) Computer modelling of neural tube defects. Acta Biotheor 39(1): 63–79.
Ferreira MC, Hilfer SR (1993) Calcium regulation of neural fold formation: visualization of the actin cytoskeleton in living chick embryos. Dev Biol 159(2): 427–440.
Fineman RM, Schoenwolf GC (1987) Animal model: dysmor- phogenesis and death in a chicken embryo model. Am J Med Genet 27(3): 543–552.
Finnell RH, Gelineau-van Waes J, Bennett GD, Barber RC, Wlodarczyk B, Shaw GM, Lammer EJ, Piedrahita JA et al (2000) Genetic basis of susceptibility to environmentally induced neural tube defects. Ann NY Acad Sci 919: 261–277.
Fisher M, Schoenwolf GC (1983) The use of early chick embryos in experimental embryology and teratology: improvements in standard procedures. Teratology 27(1): 65–72.
Friedberg W, Faulkner DN, Neas BR, Hanneman GD, Darden EB Jr, Deal RB Jr, Parker DE (1987) Dose-incidence relationships for exencephalia, anophthalmia and prenatal mortality in mouse embryos irradiated with fission neutrons or 250 kV X- rays. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 52(2): 223–236.
Halpern ME, Hatta K, Amacher SL, Talbot WS, Yan YL, Thisse B, Thisse C, Postlethwait JH et al (1997) Genetic interactions in zebrafish midline development. Dev Biol 187(2): 154–170.
Hamburger V, Hamilton HL (1992) A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. 1951 [classical article] [see comments]. Dev Dyn 195(4): 231–272.
Jacobson AG (1994) Normal neurulation in amphibians. Ciba Found Symp 181: 6–21.
Jacobson AG, Oster GF, Odell GM, Cheng LY (1986) Neurulation and the cortical tractor model for epithelial folding. J Embryol Exp Morphol 96: 19–49.
Juriloff DM, Harris MJ (2000) Mouse models for neural tube closure defects. Hum Mol Genet 9(6): 993–1000.
Lee PS, Lee KH (2000) Genomic analysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 11(2): 171–175.
Luque JM, Morante-Oria J, Riederer BM, Fairen A (2001) Whole-mount confocal immunofluorescence of mammalian CNS. Brain Res Prot 6: 129–133.
Morriss-Kay G, Tuckett F (1985) The role of microfilaments in cranial neurulation in rat embryos: effects of short-term exposure to cytochalasin D. J Embryol Exp Morphol 88: 333–348.
New DAT (1955) A new technique for the cultivation of the chick embryo in vitro. J Embryol Exp Morphol 3: 326–331.
O’Rahilly R, Muller F (1994) Neurulation in the normal human embryo. Ciba Found Symp 181: 70–82.
Peeters MC, Viebahn C, Hekking JW, van Straaten HW (1998) Neurulation in the rabbit embryo. Anat Embryol (Berl) 197(3): 167–175.
Schoenwolf GC (1991) Cell movements driving neurulation in avian embryos. Development [Suppl] 2: 157–168.
Schoenwolf GC (1994) Formation and patterning of the avian neuraxis: one dozen hypotheses. Ciba Found Symp 181: 25–38.
Schoenwolf GC (1984) Histological and ultrastructural studies of secondary neurulation in mouse embryos. Am J Anat 169(4): 361–376.
Schoenwolf GC (1985) Shaping and bending of the avian neuroepithelium: morphometric analyses. Dev Biol 109(1): 127–139.
Schoenwolf GC, Smith JL (2000) Mechanisms of neurulation. MethMol Biol 136: 125–134.
Smith JL, Schoenwolf GC (1997) Neurulation: coming to closure. Trends Neurosci 20(11): 510–517.
Walter G, Bussow K, Cahill D, Lueking A, Lehrach H (2000) Protein arrays for gene expression and molecular interaction screening. Curr Opin Microbiol 3(3): 298–302.
Wheeler GN, Hamilton FS, Hoppler S (2000) Inducible gene expression in transgenic Xenopus embryos. Curr Biol 10(14): 849–852.
Wilgenbus KK, Lichter P (1999) DNA chip technology ante portas. J Mol Med 77(11): 761–768.
Zhong GY, Riov J, Goren R, Holland D (2000) Competitive hybridization: theory and application in isolation and quantification of differentially regulated genes. Anal Biochem 282(1): 129–135.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ünlü, A. (2002). Methods of Developmental Research. In: Kanpolat, Y. (eds) Research and Publishing in Neurosurgery. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, vol 83. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6743-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6743-4_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7399-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6743-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive