Abstract
In sleep related breathing disorders, disorders with or without obstruction of the extrathoracic airways are to be differentiated (6, 21, 24). Disorders with obstruction of the extrathoracic airways are obstructive snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Due to a lack of coordination and activation of the extrathoracic airways, there arise muscular system changes in the respiratory mechanism, resulting in an incomplete or complete inspiratory stenosis of the upper airways. Snoring and obstructive apneas represent variants of this mechanism.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
American Sleep Disorders Association: The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and coding manual. Diagnostic classifications steering committee. Thorpy MJ (chairman), Rochester, Minnesota 1990
Bradley T.O., Rutherford R., Grossman R.F., Lue F., Zamel N., Moldofsky H., Phillipson E.A.: Role of daytime hypoxemia in the pathogenesis of right heart failure in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis (1985) 131:835–839
Burack B., Pollak C., Borowiecki B., Weitzman E.: The hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome (HSA): A reversible major cardiovascular hazard. Circulation (1977) 56: 111–117
Cassel W., Ploch T., Peter J.H., v.Wichert P.: Unfallgefahr von Patienten mit nachtlichen Atmungsstorungen. Pneumol (1991) 45: 271–275
Coccagna G., Mantovani M., Brignani F., Parchi C., Lugaresi E.: Continuous recording of the pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure during sleep in syndromes of hypersomnia with periodic breathing. Bull Physiopathol Respir (1972) 8: 1159–1172
Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Pneumologie, Arbeitsgruppe Nächtliche Atmungs-und Kreislaufregulationsstörungen: Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie nächtlicher Atmungs-und Kreislaufregulationsstorungen. Pneumol 48
Fletcher E.C., DeBehnke R.D., Lovoi M.S., Gorin A.G.: Undiagnosed sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med (1985) 103: 190–195
Gislason T., Aberg H., Taube A.: Snoring and systemic hypertension. An epidemiological study. Acta Med Scand (1987) 222: 415–421
Guilleminault C., Simmons B., Motta J., Cummiskey J., Rosekind M., Schroeder J.S., Dement W.C.: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and tracheostomy-long term follow-up experience. Arch Intern Med (1981) 41:985–988
Guilleminault C., van den Hoed J, Mitler M.M.: Clinical overview of the sleep apnea syndromes. In: Guilleminault O, Dement W.S. (Eds): Sleep apnea syndromes. A.R. Liss, New York, 1978, pp 1–12
He J., Kryger M.H., Zorick F.J., Conway W., Roth T.: Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea. Experience in 385 male patients. Chest (1988) 94:9–14
Kales A., Cadieux R.J., Shaw L.C. III, Vela-Buena A., Bixler E.O., Schneck O.W., Locke T.W., Soldatos C.R.: Sleep apnoea in a hypertensive population. Lancet (1984) 11:1005–1008
Koskenvuo M., Telakivi T., Partinen M., Heikkila K., Sarna S.: Snoring as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in men. Br Med J (1987) 294: 16–19
Lavie P., Ben-Yosef R., Rubin A.E.: Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among patients with essential hypertension. Am Heart J (1984) 108: 373–376
Lugaresi E., Cirignotta F., Montagna P.: Snoring: Pathogenetic, clinical and therapeutical aspects. In: Kryger M.H., Roth T., Dement W.C. (Eds): Principles and practice of sleep medicine. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1989, pp 494–500
Lugaresi E., Cirignotta F., Montagna P., Piana C.: Some epidemiological data on snoring and cardiocirculatory disturbances. Sleep (1980) 3: 221–224
Millman R.P., Redline S., Rundall C., Carlisle C.C., Levison, Braman S.S.: The relationship between nocturnal sleep events and daytime hypertension in a population of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Chest (1991) 99: 861–866
Partinen M., Jamieson A., Guilleminault C.: Long-term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Chest (1988) 94: 1200–1204
Partinen M., Palomaki H.: Snoring and cerebral infarction. Lancet (1985) 11: 1325–1326
Peter J.H.: Sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases. In: Guilleminault C., Partinen M. (Eds): Sleep apnea syndromes: clinical research and treatment. Raven, New York, 1990, pp 81–98
Peter J.H., Becker H., Blanke J., Clarenbach P., Raschke F., Ruehle K.H., Ruether E., Schlaefke M., Schoenbrunn E., Sieb J.P., Stumpner J., Weis R.: Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Langzeitbetreuung bei Schlafapnoe. Med Klin (1991) 86: 46–50
Peter J.H., Bolm-Audorff U., Becker E., Eble R., Fuchs E., Meinzer K., Penzel T., v.Wichert P.: Schlafapnoe und esentielle Hypertonie. Verh Dt Ges Inn Med (1983) 9: 1132–1135
Peter J.H., Faust M., Ploch T., Schultze B.: Symptoms and findings in 489 outpatients with suspected sleep apnea. In: Peter J.H., Penzel T., Podszus T., v.Wichert P (Eds): Sleep and health risk. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1991, pp 101–107
Peter J.H., Faust M.: Schlafbezogene Atmungs storungen: Von den Syndromen zum Risikofaktor. Pneumol (1991) 45: 200–204
Podszus T., Bauer W., Mayer J., Penzel T., Peter J.H., v.Wichert P.: Sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension. Klin Wschr (1986) 64: 131–134
Podszus T., Koehler U., Mayer J., Penzel T., Peter J.H., v. Wichert P.: Systemic arterial blood pressure decreases during obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Res (1986) 15: 155
Schmidt-Novara W.W., Coultas D.B., Skipper E., Samet J.M.: Snoring in American population. Arch Intern 150: 597–601
Shepard J.W.: Gas exchange and hemodynamics during sleep. Med Clin North Am (1985) 69: 1243–1264
Stradling J.R., Crosby J.H.: Predictors and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring in 1001 middle aged men. Thorax (1991) 46: 85–90
Weitzenblum E., Krieger J., Apprill M., Vallee E., Ehrhart M., Ratomaharo J., Oswald M., Kurtz D.: Daytime pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis (1988) 138: 345–349
Williams A.J., Houston D., Finberg S., Lam C., Kinney J.L., Santiago S.: Sleep apnea syndrome and essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol (1985) 55: 1019–1022
Zahorka M., Hess U., Himmelmann H., Koehler U., Mayer J., Peter J.H., Podszus T., Siegrist J., Sohn E.: Snoring, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a field study. In: Peter J.H., Podszus T., v.Wichert P. (Eds): Sleep related disorders and internal diseases. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1987, pp 219–224
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Peter, J.H. (1992). Epidemiology of Sleep Related Breathing Disorders with Obstruction of the Upper Airways. In: Zwick, H. (eds) Sleep Related Breathing Disorders. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6675-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6675-8_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82376-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6675-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive