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Störungen der glutamatergen Aktivierung limbisch-kortikaler Interneurone — ein zelluläres Psychosemodell?

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Schizophrenie — Moderne Konzepte zu Diagnostik, Pathogenese und Therapie
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Zusammenfassung

Neben Veränderungen im dopaminergen und serotonergen Stoffwechsel wird eine Dysfunktion glutamaterger Synapsen, GABAerger Interneurone und/oder der synaptischen Glutamatfreisetzung zunehmend als kausale Ursache psychotischer Störungen diskutiert (Carlsson und Carlsson 1990). Diese Hypothese wird durch Untersuchungen in verschiedenen neurowissenschaftlichen Disziplinen unterstützt. Neuroanatomische Untersuchungen von Benes et al. (1991) konnten post mortem bei Schizophrenen ausprägte Zellverluste im Hippocampus, insbesondere in der CA3-Region, nachweisen. Dieses Gebiet ist, wie der größte Teil des limbisch-kortikalen Systems, durch eine überwiegende glutamaterge und GABAerge Innervation gekennzeichnet. Zerstörung des Hippocampus seinerseits, etwa durch Kainat-Injektionen bei der Ratte, bewirkt wiederum Veränderungen im mesolimbischen System, nämlich eine Hochregulierung von D2-Rezeptoren GABAerger Neurone des Nucleus accumbens (Bardgett et al. 1995). Die post mortem Befunde von Benes werden auch in neuroradiologischen Untersuchungen bestätigt. Bei NMR-Untersuchungen chronisch Schizophrener konnten Shenton et al. (1992) als statistisch signifikanten Befund eine Volumenminderung des Gyrus temporalis superficialis posterior sowie des Hippocampus-Amygdala-Komplexes zeigen. Diese Volumenminderung war bei den schizophrenen Patienten dabei linkshemisphärisch betont. Das Ausmaß dieses Zellverlustes korrelierte dabei mit formalen Denkstörungen als klinisches Symptom.

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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Grunze, H., Kammerer, C. (1998). Störungen der glutamatergen Aktivierung limbisch-kortikaler Interneurone — ein zelluläres Psychosemodell?. In: Möller, HJ., Müller, N. (eds) Schizophrenie — Moderne Konzepte zu Diagnostik, Pathogenese und Therapie. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6471-6_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6471-6_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-83086-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6471-6

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