Summary
Concerted efforts to study the molecular biology of influenza viruses and the ability to genetically engineer them have dramatically advanced our understanding of the functions of influenza viral genes and gene products. The only nonstructural protein (NS1 ) coded for by the influenza virus was shown to possess interferon antagonist activity and thus to play an important role in countering the interferon (antiviral) response of the host following infection. Influenza A and B virus mutants with “weak” anti-interferon activity are highly attenuated because the host is able to mount an effective interferon response. It is suggested that these NS1-modified attenuated influenza viruses can induce a protective immune response and that they are ideal live virus vaccine candidates against influenza.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Basler C, Palese P (1999) Influenza viruses. In: Lederberg J (ed) Encyclopedia of microbiology. Academic Press, San Diego (in press)
Chen Z, Li Y, Krug RM (1999) Influenza A virus NS1 protein targets poly (A)-binding protein II of the cellular 3’-end processing machinery. EMBO J 18: 2273–2283
Donnelly JJ, Ulmer JB, Liu MA (1998) DNA vaccines. Dev Biol Standards 95: 43–53
Garcia-Sastre A, Durbin RK, Zheng H, Palese P, Gertner R, Levy DE, Durbin JE (1998b) The role of interferon in influenza virus tissue tropism. J Virol 72: 8 550–8 558
Garcia-Sastre A, Egorov A, Matassov D, Brandt S, Levy DE, Durbin JE, Palese P, Muster T (1998a) Influenza A virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems. Virology 252: 324–330
Hatada E, Saito S, Fukuda R (1999) Mutant influenza viruses with a defective NS1 protein cannot block the activation of PKR in infected cells. J Virol 73: 2 425–2 423
Hayden FG, Palese P (1997) Influenza virus. In: Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hay den FG (eds) Clinical virology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 911–942
Johansson BE, Matthews JT, Kilbourne ED (1998) Supplementation of conventional influenza A vaccine with purified viral neuraminidase results in a balanced and broadened immune response. Vaccine 16: 1009–15
Kilbourne ED, Schulman JL, Schild GC, Schloer G, Swanson J, Bucher D (1971 ) Related studies of a recombinant influenza virus vaccine. I. Derivation and characterization of virus and vaccine. J Infect Dis 124: 449–462
Krug RM (1999) Unique functions of the NS1 protein. In: Nicholson KG, Webster RG, Hay AJ (eds) Textbook of influenza. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 82–92
Lamb RA, Krug RM (1996) Orthomyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds) Virology, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 1 353–1 395
Lu Y, Wambach M, Katze MG, Krug RM (1995) Binding of the influenza virus NSI protein to double-stranded RNA inhibits the activation of the protein kinase that phosphorylates the elF-2 translation initiation factor. Virology 214: 222–228
Maassab HF, LaMontagne JR, DeBorde DC (1998) Live influenza virus vaccines. In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA (eds) Vaccines. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 435–457
Marion RM, Fortes P, Beloso A, Dotti C, Ortin J (1999) A human sequence homologue of Staufen is an RNA-binding protein that is associated with polysomes and localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Cell Biol 19: 2 212–2 219
Melville MW, Tan SL, Wambach M, Song J, Morimoto RI, Katze MG (1999) The cellular inhibitor of the PKR protein kinase, p58 (IPK), is an influenza virus-activated co-chaperone that modulates heat shock protein 70 activity. J Biol Chem 274: 3 797–803
Murphy BR, Webster RG (1996) Orthomyxoviruses In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds) Virology, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 1397–1445
Norton GP, Tanaka T, Tobita K, Nakada S, Buonagurio DA, Greenspan D, Krystal M, Palese P (1987) Infectious influenza A and B virus variants with long carboxyl terminal deletions in the NS1 polypeptides. Virology 156: 204–13
Tan SL, Katze MG (1998) Biochemical and genetic evidence for complex formation between the influenza A virus NS1 protein and the interferon-induced PKR protein kinase. J Interferon Cytokine Res 18: 757–66
Tobita K, Tanaka T, Odagiri T, Tashiro M, Feng S-Y (1990) Nucleotide sequence and some biological properties of the NS gene of a newly isolated influenza B virus mutant which has a long carboxyl terminal deletion in the NS1 protein. Virology 174: 314–319
Wolff T, O’Neill RE, Palese P (1996) Interaction cloning of NS1-I, a human protein that binds to the nonstructural NS1 proteins of influenza A and B viruses. J Virol 70: 5 363–72
Wolff T, O’Neill RE, Palese P (1998) NSl-binding protein (NS1-BP): A novel human protein that interacts with the influenza A virus nonstructural NS1 protein is relocalized in the nucleus of infected cells. J Virol 72: 7 170–7 180
Yoshida T, Shaw MW, Young JF, Compans RW (1981) Characterization of the RNA associated with influenza A cytoplasmic inclusions and the interaction of NS1 protein with RNA. Virology 110: 87–97
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Palese, P., Muster, T., Zheng, H., O’Neill, R., Garcia-Sastre, A. (1999). Learning from our foes: a novel vaccine concept for influenza virus. In: Calisher, C.H., Horzinek, M.C. (eds) 100 Years of Virology. Archives of Virology. Supplementa, vol 15. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6425-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6425-9_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-83360-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6425-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive