Abstract
The ABO system was discovered in 1900 by Karl Landsteiner. Based on his assumption of two erythrocyte antigens, A and B, Landsteiner found it possible to classify human individuals into four blood groups depending whether one, both, or neither of these antigenic characters were present on the cells [272,273]. He also recognised that the sera of individuals lacking one or both antigens usually contain anti-A and/or anti-B isoagglutinins (see Table 5.1).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abe, K., Levery, S. B. & Hakomori, S. I. (1984): The antibody specific to type 1 chain blood group A determinant. J. Immunol. 132, 1951–1954.
Alter, A. A. & Rosenfield, R. E. (1964): The nature of some subtypes of A. Blood 23, 605–620.
Anstee, D. J., Holt, P. D. J. & Pardoe, G. I. (1973): Agglutinins from fish ova defining blood groups B and P. Vox Sang. 25, 347–360.
Arcilla, M. B. & Sturgeon, P. (1972): Lewis and ABH substances in amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis. Pediatr. Res. 6, 853–858.
Badet, J., Huet, M., Mulet, C., Lopez, M., Ropars, C. & Salmon, C. (1980): B-gene specified 3-α-D galactosyltransferase activity in human B blood group variants. FEBS Lett. 122, 25–28.
Badet, J., Ropars, C., Cartron, J. P., Doinel, C. & Salmon, C. (1976): Groups of a-D-galactosyltransferase activity in sera of individuals with normal B phenotype. II. Relationship between transferase activity and red cell agglutinability. Vox Sang 30, 105–113.
Badet, J., Ropars, C., Cartron, J. P. & Salmon, C. (1974): Groups of α-galactosyl transferase activity in sera of individuals with normal B phenotype. Biomedicine 21, 230–232.
Badet, J., Ropars, C. & Salmon, C. (1978): α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-and a-D-galactosyltransferase activities in sera of cis AB blood group individuals. J. Immunogenet. 5, 221–231.
Baker, A. P., Griggs, L. J., Munro, J. R. & Finkelstein, J. A. (1973): Blood-group A active glycoproteins of respiratory mucus and their synthesis by an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 880–883.
Baldus, S. E., Thiele, J., Park, Y. O., Hanisch, F. G., Bara, J. & Fischer, R. (1996): Characterization of the binding specificity of Anguilla anguilla agglutinin (AAA) in comparison to Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I). Glycoconj. J. 13, 585–590.
Ball, S. P., Tongue, N., Gibaud, A., Le Pendu, J., Mollicone, R., Gérard, G. & Oriol, R. (1991): The human chromosome 19 linkage group FUT1 (H), FUT2 (SE), LE, LU, PEPD, C3, APOC2, D19S7, and D19S9. Ann. Hum. Genet. 55, 225–233.
Barbolla, L., Mojena, M. & Bosca, L. (1988): Presence of antibody to A-and B-transferases in minor incompatible bone marrow transplants. Brit. J. Haematol. 70, 471–476.
Barbolla, L., Mojena, M., Cienfuegos, J. A. & Escartin, P. (1988): Presence of an inhibitor of glycosyltransferase activity in a patient following an ABO incompatible liver transplant Brit. J. Haematol. 69, 93–96.
Basu, S., Basu, M. & Chien, J. L (1975): Enzymatic synthesis of a blood group H-related glycosphingolipid by an α-fucosyltransferase from bovine spleen. J. Biol. Chem. 250, 2956–2962.
Beck, M. L., Yates, A. D., Hardman, J. T. & Kowalski, M. A. (1987): Consequences of overlapping substrate specificity of glycosyltransferases. (Abstract). Transfusion 27, 535.
Bella, A. & Kim, Y. S. (1971): Biosynthesis of intestinal glycoprotein: a study of an a(1→2) fucosyttransferase in rat small intestinal mucosa. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 147, 753–761.
Bennett, E. P., Steffensen, R., Clausen, H., Weghuis, D. O. & VanKessel, A. G. (1995): Genomic cloning of the human histo-blood group ABO locus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206, 318–325.
Berneman, Z. N., VanBockstaele, W. M., VanZaelen, C., Cole-Dergent, J., Muylle, L. & Peetermans, M. E. (1991): Flow-cytometric analysis of erythrocytic blood group A antigen density profile. Vox Sang. 61, 265–274.
Bernoco, M., Danilovs, J., Terasaki, P. I., Cartron, J. P., Mollicone, R., Le Pendu, J. & Oriol, R. (1985): Detection of combined ABH and Lewis glycosphingolipids in sera of H-deficient donors. Vox Sang. 49, 58–66.
Bernstein, F. (1924): Ergebnisse einer biostatistischen zusammenfassenden Betrachtung über die erblichen Blutstrukturen des Menschen. Klin. Wochenschr. 3, 1495–1497.
Betteridge, A. & Watkins, W. M. (1983): Two α-3-D-galactosyltransferases in rabbit stomach mucosa with different acceptor substrate specificities. Eur. J. Biochem. 132, 29–35.
Betteridge, A. & Watkins, W. M. (1985): Variant forms of α-2-L-fucosyltransferase in human submaxillary glands from blood group ABH “secretor” and “non-secretor” individuals. Glycoconj. J. 2, 61–78.
Beyer, T. A. & Hill, R. L. (1980): Enzymatic properties of the ß-galactoside α1 → 2 fucosyltransferase from porcine submaxillary gland. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 5373–5379.
Beyer, T. A., Sadler, J. E. & Hill, R. L. (1980): Purification to homogeneity of the H blood group α-galactoside α1 → 2 fucosyltransferase from porcine submaxillary gland. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 5364–5372.
Bhatia, H. M. (1964): Serological specificity of anti-H blood group antibodies. Ind. J. Med. Res. 52, 5–14.
Bhatia, H. M. (1977): Serologic reactions of ABO and Oh (Bombay) phenotypes due to variations in H antigens. Human Blood Groups — Proceedings of the 5th International Convocation on Immunologty, Buffalo 1976. S. Karger, Basel, pp. 296–305.
Bhatia, H. M. & Sathe, M. S. (1974): Incidence of ‘bombay’ (Oh) phenotype and weaker variants of A and B antigen in Bombay (India). Vox Sang. 27, 524–532.
Bhatia, H. M. & Solomon, J. m. (1967): Further observations on Ah m and Oh m phenotypes. Vox Sang. 12, 457–460.
Bhende, Y. M., Deshpanoe, C. K., Bhatia, H. M., Sanger, Ft., Race, R. R., Morgan, W. T. J. & Watkins, W. M. (1952): A “new” blood-group character related to the ABO system. Lancet i, 903–904.
Bird, G. W. G. (1951): Specific agglutinating activity for human red blood corpuscles in extracts of Dolichos biflorus. Curr. Sci. 20, 298–299.
Bird, G. W. G. (1952): Relationship of the blood sub-groups A1,, A2and A1B,A2B to haemagglutinins present in the seeds of Dolichos biflorus. Nature 170, 674.
Bird, G. W. G. & Wingham, J. (1970): Agglutinins for antigens of two different human blood group systems in the seeds of Moluccella laevis. Vox Sang. 18, 235–239.
Bird, G. W. G. (1977): Lectins. In: CRC Handbook Series in Clinical Laboratory Science. Section D, Blood Banking. (D. Seligson, T. J. Greenwalt, and E. A. Steane, eds.). CRC Press Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, Vol. 1, pp. 459–473.
Björk, S., Breimer, M. E., Hansson, G. C., Karlsson, K. A. & Leffler, H. (1987): Structures of blood group glycosphingolipids of human small intestine. A relation between the expression of fucolipids of epithelial cells and the ABO, Le, and Se phenotype of the donor. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6758–6765.
Blaszczyk-Thurin, M., Sarnesto, A., Thurin, J., Hidsgaul, O. & Koprowski, H. (1988): Biosynthetic pathways for the Leb; and Y glycolipids in the gastric carcinoma cell line KATO III as analyzed by a novel assay. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 151, 100–108.
Bouhours, D., Hansson, G. C. & Bouhours, J. F. (1995): Structure and genetic polymorphism of blood group A-active glycosphingolipids of the rat large intestine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1255, 131–140.
Boyd, W. C. & Reguera, R. (1949): Hemagglutinating substances for human cells in various plants. J. Immunol. 62, 333–339.
Brain, P. (1966): Subgroups of A in the South African Bantu. Vox Sang. 11, 686–698.
Breimer, M. E. (1984): Tissue specificity of glycosphingolipids as expressed in pancreas and small intestine of blood group A and B human individuals. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 228, 71–85.
Breimer, M. E., Falk, K. E., Hansson, G. C. & Karlsson, K. A. (1982): Structural identification of two ten-sugar branched chain glycosphingolipids of blood group H type present in epithelial cells of rat small intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 50–59.
Breimer, M. E., Hansson, G. C., Karlsson, K. A. & Leffler, H. (1982): Isolation and partial characterization of blood group A and H active glycosphingolipids of rat small intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 906–912.
Breimer, M. E. & Jovall, P. A. (1985): Structural characterization of a blood group A heptaglycosylceramide with globoseries structure: the major glycolipid based blood group A antigen of human kidney. FEBS Lett. 179, 165–172.
Breimer, M. E., Karlsson, K. A., Larson, G. & Mckibbin, J. M. (1983): Chemical characterization of a blood group H type pentaglycosylceramide of human small intestine. Chem. Phys. Lipids 33, 135–144.
Breimer, M. E., Karlsson, K. A. & Samuelsson, B. E. (1981): Characterization of a blood group H type pentaglycosylceramide of human pancreas based on a type 1 carbohydrate chain. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3810–3816.
Breimer, M. E. & Samuelsson, B. E. (1986): The specific distribution of glycolipid-based blood group A antigens in human kidney related to A1/A2, Lewis, and secretor status of single individuals. Transplantation 42, 88–91.
Bremer, E. G., Levery, S. B., Sonnino, S., Ghidoni, R., Canevari, F., Kannagi, R. & Hakomori, S. I. (1984): Characterization of a glycosphingolipid antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody MBr1 expressed in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells of human mammary gland. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14773–14777.
Bundle, D. R., Gidney, M. A. J., Kassam, N. & Rahman, A. F. R. (1982): Hybridomas specific for carbohydrates; synthetic human blood group antigens for the production, selection, and characterization of monoclonal typing reagents. J. Immunol. 129, 678–682.
Bush, C. A., Yan, Z. Y. & Rao, B. N. N. (1986): Conformational energy calculations and proton nuclear Overhauser enhancements reveal a unique conformation for blood group A oligosaccharides. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 108, 6168–6173.
Byrne, U., Brown, A., Ropars, C. & Moore, B. P. L. (1979): Acquired B antigen, Tk activation and A, destroying enzyme activity in a patient with septicaemia. Vox Sang. 36, 208–212.
Cahan, A., Jack, J. A., Scudder, J., Sargent, M., Sänger, R. & Race, R. R. (1957): A family in which Ax is transmitted through a person of the blood group A2B. Vox Sang. 2, 8–15.
Cameron, C., Graham, F., Dunsford, I., Sickles, G., Macpherson, C. R., Cahan, A., Sanger, R. & Race, R. R. (1959): Acquisition of a B-like antigen by red blood cells. Brit. Med. J. ii, 29–32.
Carne, L. R. & Watkins, W. M. (1977): Human blood-group B specified α-3-galactosyltransferase: purification of the enzyme in serum by biospecific adsorption onto blood-group O erythrocyte membranes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 77, 700–707.
Cartron, J. P. (1976): Etude des propriétés α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransférasiques des sérums de sujets A et “a faible”. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 19, 67–88.
Cartron, J. P. (1976): Etude quantitative et thermodynamique des phénotypes érythrocytaires “a faible”. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 19, 35–54.
Cartron, J. P., Badet, J., Mulet, C. & Salmon, C. (1978): Study of the α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in sera and red cell membranes of human A subgroups. J. Immunogenet. 5, 107–116.
Cartron, J. P., Gerbal, A., Badet, J., Ropars, C. & Salmon, C. (1975): Assay of a-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in human sera. Further evidence for several types of Am individuals. Vox Sang. 28, 347–365.
Cartron, J. P., Mulet, C., Bauvois, B., Rahuel, C. & Salmon, C. (1980): ABH and Lewis glycosyltransferases in human red cells, lymphocytes, and platelets. Blood Transfus. Immunohaematol. 23, 271–282.
Cartron, J. P., Reyes, F., Gourdin, M. F., Garretta, M. & Salmon, C. (1977): Antigen site distribution among ‘weak A’ red cell populations. A study of A3, Ax, and Aend variants. Immunology 32, 233–244.
Cartron, J. P., Ropars, C., Calkovska, Z. & Salmon, C. (1976): Detection of A1A2 and A2Am A1 hétérozygotes among human A blood group phenotyes. J. Immunogenet. 3, 155–161.
Cazal, P. & Lalaurie, M. (1952): Recherches sur quelques phyto-agglutinines spécifiques des groupes sanguins ABO. Acta Haematol. 8, 73–80.
Ceppellini, R. (1959): Physiological genetics of human blood factors. In: Ciba Foundation Symposium on Biochemistry of Human Genetics (G. E. W. Wolstenholme, and C. M. O’connor, eds.). Churchill, London, pp. 242–261.
Chandrasekaran, E. V., Jain, R. K., Rhodes, J. M., Srnka, C. A., Larsen, R. D. & Matta, K. L. (1995): Expression of blood group Lewis b determinant from Lewis a: association of this novel α(1,2)-L-fucosylating activity with the Lewis type α(1,3/4)-L-fucosyltransferase. Biochemistry 34, 4748–4756.
Chen, H. T. & Kabat, E. A. (1985): Immunochemical studies on blood groups. The combining site specificities of mouse monoclonal hybridoma anti-A and anti-B. J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13208–13217.
Cheng, P. W. (1986): Mucin biosynthesis: enzymic properties of human-tracheal epithelial GDP-L-fucose:α-D-galactosidea-(1→2)-L-fucosyltransferase. Carbohydr. Res. 149, 253–261.
Chessin, L. N. & Mcginniss, M. (1968): Further evidence for the sérologic association of the O(H) and I blood groups. Vox Sang. 14, 194–201.
Chester, M. A. & Watkins, W. m. (1969): α-L-Fucosyltransferases in human submaxillary gland and stomach tissues associated with the H, Lea and Leb blood group characters and ABH secretor status. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 34, 835–842.
Chester, M. A., Yates, A. D. & Watkins, W. M. (1976): Phenyl α-D-galactopyranoside as an acceptor substrate for the blood-group H gene-associated guanosine diphosphate-L-fucose: α-D-galactosyl α-2-L-fucosyltransferase. Eur. J. Biochem. 69, 583–592.
Chou, T. H., Murphy, C. & Kessel, D. (1977): Selective inhibition of a plasma fucosyltransferase by N-ethylmaleinimide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 74, 1001–1006.
Clausen, H. & Hakomori, S. I. (1989): ABH and related histo-blood group antigens; immunochemical differences in carrier isotypes and their distribution. Vox Sang. 56, 1–20.
Clausen, H., Hakomori, S. I., Graem, N. & Dabelsteen, E. (1986): Incompatible A antigen expressed in tumors of blood group O individuals: Immunochemical, immunohistologic, and enzymatic characterization. J. Immunol. 136, 326–330.
Clausen, H., Holmes, E. & Hakomori, S. I. (1986): Novel blood group H glycolipid antigens exclusively expressed in blood group A and AB erythrocytes (type 3 chain H). II. Differential conversion of different H substrates by A1, and A2 enzymes, and type 3 chain H expression in relation to secretor status. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 1388–1392.
Clausen, H., Levery, S. B., Dabelsteen, E. & Hakomori, S. I. (1987): Blood group ABH antigens. A new sereis of blood group A-associated structures (genetic regulation and tissue distribution). Transplant. Proc. 19, 4408–4412.
Clausen, H., Levery, S. B., Kannagi, R. & Hakomori, S. I. (1986): Novel blood group H glycolipid antigens exclusively expressed in blood group A and AB erythrocytes (type 3 chain H). I. Isolation and chemical characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 1380–1387.
Clausen, H., Levery, S. B., Mckibbin, J. M. & Hakomori, S. I. (1985): Blood group A determinants with mono-and difucosyl type 1 chain in human erythrocyte membranes. Biochemistry 24, 3578–3586.
Clausen, H., Levery, S. B., Nudelman, E., Baldwin, M. & Hakomori, S. I. (1986): Further characterization of type 2 and type 3 chain blood group A glycosphingolipids from human erythrocyte membranes. Biochemistry 25, 7075–7085.
Clausen, H., Levery, S. B., Nudelman, E., Tsuchiya, S. & Hakomori, S. I. (1985): Repetitive A epitope (type 3 chain A) defined by blood group A1-specific monoclonal antibody TH-1: chemical basis of qualitative A, and A2 distinction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1199–1203.
Clausen, H., Levery, S. B., Nudelman, E. D., Stroud, M., Salyan, M. E. K. & Hakomori, S. I. (1987): Isolation and characterization of novel glycolipids with blood group A-related structures: galactosyl-A and sialosylgalactosyl A. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14228–14234.
Clausen, H., Watanabe, K., Kannagi, R., Levery, S. B., Nudelman, E., Arao-Tomono, Y. & Hakomori, S. I. (1984): Blood group A glycolipid (Ax) with globo-series structure which is specific for blood group A, erythrocytes: one of the chemical bases for A1 and A2 distinction. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124, 523–529.
Clausen, H., White, T., Takio, K., Titani, K., Stroud, M., Holmes, E., Karkov, J., Thim, L. & Hakomori, S. I. (1990): Isolation to homogeneity and partial characterization of a histo-blood group A defined Fucα1→2Galα1→3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from human lung tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1139–1145.
Constandoulakis, M. & Kay, H. E. M. (1962): A and B antigens of the human foetal erythrocyte. Brit. J. Haematol. 8, 57–63.
Cook, G. A., Greenwell, P. A. & Watkins, W. M. (1982): A rabbit antibody to the blood-group-A-gene-specified α-S-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 10, 446–447.
Coombs, R. R. A. & Bedford, D. (1955): The A and B antigens on human platelets demonstrated by means of mixed erythrocyte-platelet agglutination. Vox Sang. 5, 111–115.
Craigen, W. J. & Caskey, C. T. (1987): Translational frameshifting: where will it stop?. Cell 50, 1–2.
Dabelsteen, E., Graem, N., Clausen, H. & Hakomori, S. I. (1988): Structural variations of blood group A antigens-in human normal colon and carcinomas. Cancer Res. 48, 181–187.
Darnborough, J., Voak, D. & Pepper, R. M. (1973): Observations on a new example of the Am phenotype which demonstrates reduced A secretion. Vox Sang. 24, 216–227.
David, L., Leitao, D., Sobrinho-Simoes, M., Bennett, E. P., White, T., Mandel, U., Dabelsteen, E. & Clausen, H. (1993): Biosynthetic basis of incompatible histo-biood group A antigen expression: anti-A transferase antibodies reactive with gastric cancer tissue of type O individuals. Cancer Res. 53, 5494–5500.
Dejter-Juszynski, M., Harpaz, N., Flowers, H. M. & Sharon, N. (1978): Blood-group ABH specific macroglycolipids of human erythrocytes: isolation in high yield from a crude membrane glycoprotein fraction. Eur. J. Biochem. 83, 363–373.
Dekker, J., Aelmans, P. H. & Strous, G. J. (1991): The oligomeric structure of rat and human gastric mucins. Biochem. J. 277, 423–427.
Dodd, B. E. & Gilbey, B. E. (1957): An unusual variant of group A. Vox Sang. 2, 390–398.
Dodd, B. E. & Lincoln, P. J. (1978): Serological studies of the H activity of Oh red cells with various anti-H reagents. Vox Sang. 35, 168–173.
Dodd, B. E., Lincoln, P. J. & Boorman, K. E. (1967): The cross-reacting antibodies of group O sera: immunological studies and possible explanation of the observed facts. Immunology 12, 39–52.
Doinel, C. (1976): Antigenicité I des hématies Bombay. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 19, 185–191.
Domino, S. E., Hiraiwa, N. & Lowe, J. B. (1997): Molecular cloning, chromosomal assignment, and tissue-specific expression of a murine α(1,2)fucosyltransferase expressed in thymic and epididymal epithelial cells. Biochem. J. 327, 105–115.
Donald, A. S. R. (1973): The products of pronase digestion of purified blood-group specific glycoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 317, 420–436.
Donald, A. S. R. (1981): A-active trisaccharides isolated from A1 and A2 blood group specific glycoproteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 120, 243–249.
Dua, V. K., Rao, B. N. N., Wu, S. S., Dube, V. E. & Bush, C. A. (1986): Characterization of the oligosaccharide alditols from ovarian cyst mucin glycoproteins of blood group A using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high field 1H NMR spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 1599–1608.
Ducos, J., Marty, Y. & Ruffie, J. (1975): A case of Ax phenotype transmitted by an A2B parent. Vox Sang. 29, 390–393.
Ducos, J., Marty, Y. & Ruffie, J. (1975): A family with one child of phenotype Am providing further evidence for the existence of the modifyer genes Yy. Vox Sang. 28, 456–459.
Duk, M., Mitra, D., Lisowska, E., Kabat, E. A., Sharon, N. & Lis, H. (1992): Immunochemical studies on the combining site of the A + N blood type specific Moluccella laevis lectin. Carbohydr. Res. 236, 245–258.
Düngern, E. & Hirszfeld, L (1910): Über Vererbung gruppenspezifischer Strukturen des Blutes. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 6, 284–292.
Dungern, E. & Hirszfeld, L. (1911): Über gruppenspezifische Strukturen des Blutes. III. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 8, 526–562.
Dunstan, R. A., Simpson, M. B., Knowles, R. W. & Rosse, W. F. (1985): The origin of ABH antigens on human platelets. Blood 65, 615–619.
Dzierzkowa-Borodej, W., Meinhard, W., Nestorowicz, S. & Pirog, J. (1972): Successful elution of anti-A and certain anti-H reagents from two “bombay” (OA h blood samples and investigation of isoagglutinins in their sera. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 20, 841–849.
Economidou, J., Hughes-Jones, N. C. & Gardner, B. (1967): Quantitative measurements concerning A and B antigen sites. Vox Sang. 12, 321–328.
Elo, J., Estola, E. & Malmstrom, N. (1951): On phytagglutinins present in mushrooms. Ann. Med. Exp. Biol. Fenn. 29, 297–308.
Ernst, L. K., Rajan, V. P., Larsen, R. D., Ruff, M. M. & Lowe, J. B. (1989): Stable expression of blood group H determinants and GDP-L-fucose:β-D-galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase in mouse cells after transfection with human DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3436–3447.
Etienne-Decerf, J., Malaise, M., Mahieu, P. & Winand, R. (1987): Elevated anti-α-galactosyl antibody titres. A marker of progression in autoimmune thyroid disorders and in endocrine ophthalmopathy?. Acta Endocrinol. 115, 67–74.
Etzler, M. E. & Kabat, E. A. (1970): Purification and characterization of a lectjn (plant hemagglutinin) with blood group A specificity from Dolichos biflorus. Biochemistry 9, 869–877.
Fawcett, K. J., Eckstein, E. G., Innella, F. & Yokoyama, M. (1970): Four examples of Bh m blood in one family. Vox Sang. 19, 457–467.
Feizi, T. (1985): Demonstration by monoclonal antibodies that carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids are onco-developmental antigens. Nature 314, 53–57.
Feng, C. S., Cook, J. L., Beattie, K. M., Kao, Y. S., Wallace, M. E. & De Jongh, D. S. (1984): Variant of type B blood in an El Salvador family. Expression of a variant B gene enhanced by the presence of an A2 gene. Transfusion 24, 264–266.
Fernandez-Mateos, P., Cailleau, A., Henry, S., Costache, M., Elmgren, A., Svensson, L., Larson, G., Samuelsson, B. E., Oriol, R. & Mollicone, R. (1998): Point mutations and deletion responsible for the Bombay Hnull, and the Reunion Hweak blood groups. Vox Sang. 75, 37–46.
Finne, J. (1980): Identification of the blood group ABH-active glycoprotein components of human erythrocyte membrane. Eur. J. Biochem. 104, 181–189.
Finne, J., Breimer, M. E., Hansson, G. C., Karlsson, K. A., Leffler, H., Vliegenthart, J. F. G. & Van Halbeek, H. (1989): Novel polyfucosylated N-linked glycopeptides with blood group A, H, X, and Y determinants from human small intestinal epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 5720–5735.
Finne, J., Krusius, T., Rauvala, H., Kekomäki, R. & Myllylä, G. (1978): Alkali-stable blood group A-and B-active poly(glycosyl)-peptides from human erythrocyte membrane. FEBS Lett. 89, 111–115.
Fiori, A., Panari, G., Rossi, G. & De Mercurio, D. (1978): Polymorphism of A, B, and H substances in human urine. J. Chromat. 145, 41–62.
Fischer, W. & Hahn, F. (1935): Über auffallende Schwäche der gruppenspezifischen Reaktionsfähigkeit bei einem Erwachsenen. Z Immun.-Forsch. 84, 177–188.
Flsher, N. & Cahan, A. (1962): An addition to the family in which Ax is transmitted through a person of the blood group A2B. Vox Sang. 7, 484.
Franco, R. F., Simoes, B. P. & Zago, M. A. (1995): Relative frequencies of the two O alleles of the histo-blood ABH system in different racial groups. Vox Sang. 69, 50–52.
Fredman, P., Richert, N. D., Magnani, J. L., Willingham, M. C., Pastan, I. & Ginsburg, V. (1983): A monoclonal antibody that precipitates the glycoprotein receptor for epidermal growth factor is directed against the human blood group H type 1 antigen. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11206–11210.
Fredrick, J., Hunter, J., Greenwell, P., Winter, K. & Gottschall, J. L. (1985): The A1B genotype expressed as A2B on the red cells of individuals with strong B gene-specific transferases. Results from two paternity cases. Transfusion 25, 30–33.
Friedenreich, V. (1931): Über die Serologie der Untergruppen A1, und A2. Z Immun.-Forsch. 71, 283–313.
Friedenreich, V. (1936): Eine bisher unbekannte Blutgruppeneigenschaft (A3). Z. Immun.-Forsch. 89, 409–422.
Friedhoff, F. & Kuhns, W. J. (1968): Detection and characterization of blood group antigens on untransformed human amnion cells. Transfusion 8, 244–249.
Fukuda, M., Dell, A. & Fukuda, M. N. (1984): Structure of fetal lactosaminoglycan. The carbohydrate moiety of band 3 isolated from human umbilical cord erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 259,4782–4791.
Fukuda, M., Dell, A., Oates, J. E. & Fukuda, M. N. (1984): Structure of branched lactosaminoglycan, the carbohydrate moiety of band 3 isolated from adult human erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8260–8273.
Fukuda, M. N., Fukuda, M. & Hakomori, S. I. (1979): Cell surface modification by endo-ß-galactosidase. Change of blood group activities and release of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids of human erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5458–5465.
Fukuda, M. N. & Hakomori, S. I. (1982): Structures of branched blood group A-active glycosphingolipids in human erythrocytes and polymorphism of A-and H-glycolipids in A1, and A2 subgroups. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 446–455.
Fukuda, M. N. & Levery, S. B. (1983): Glycolipids of fetal, newborn, and adult erythrocytes. Glycolipid pattern and structural study of H3-glycolipid from newborn erythrocytes. Biochemistry 22, 5034–5040.
Fukumori, Y., Ohnoki, S., Shibata, H. & Nishimukai, H. (1996): Suballeles of the ABO blood group system in a Japanese population. Hum. Hered. 46, 221–223.
Furukawa, K., Clausen, H., Hakomori, S. I., Sakamoto, J., Look, K., Lundblad, A., Mattes, M. J. & Lloyd, K. O. (1985): Analysis of the specificity of five murine anti-blood group A monoclonal antibodies, including one that identifies type 3 and type 4 A determinants. Biochemistry 24, 7820–7826.
Furukawa, K., Mattes, M. J. & Lloyd, K. O. (1985): A1, and A2 erythrocytes can be distinguished by reagents that do not detect structural differences between the two cell types. J. Immunol. 135, 4090–4094.
Furukawa, K., Ying, Ft., Nakajima, T. & Matsuki, T. (1995): Hemagglutinins in fungus extracts and their blood group specificity. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 12, 223–231.
Galili, U. (1988): The natural anti-Gal antibody, the B-like antigen, and human red cell aging. Blood Cells 14, 205–228.
Galili, U., Clark, M. R., Shohet, S. B., Buehler, J. & Macher, B. A. (1987): Evolutionary relationship between the natural anti-Gal antibody and the Galα1 → 3Gal epitope in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 1369–1373.
Galili, U., Flechner, I., Knyszynski, A., Danon, D. & Rachmilewitz, E. A. (1986): The natural anti-α-galactosyl IgG on human normal senescent red blood cells. Brit. J. Haematol. 62, 317–324.
Galili, U., Macher, B. A., Buehler, J. & Shohet, S. B. (1985): Human natural anti-alpha-galactosyl IgG. II. The specific recognition of alpha (1 →3)-linked galactose residues. J. Exp. Med. 162, 573–582.
Galili, U., Mandrell, R. E., Hamadeh, R. M., Shohet, S. B. & Griffiss, J. M. (1988): Interaction between human natural anti-α-galactosyl immunoglobulin G and bacteria of the human flora. Infect. Immun. 56, 1730–1737.
Galili, U., Shohet, S. B., Kobrin, E., Stults, C. L. M. & Macher, B. A. (1988): Man, apes, and Old World monkeys differ from other mammals in the expression of α-galactosyl epitopes on nucleated cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 17755–17762.
Galili, U. & Swanson, K. (1991): Gene sequences suggest inactivation of a-1,3-galactosyltransferase in catarrhines after the divergence of apes from monkeys. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 7401–7404.
Gardas, A. & Koscielak, J. (1973): New form of A-, B-, and H-blood-group active substances extracted from erythrocyte membranes. Eur. J. Biochem. 32, 178–187.
Gardas, A. & Koscielak, J. (1974): Megaloglycolipids — unusually complex glycosphingolipids of human erythrocyte membrane with A, B, H, and I blood group specificity. FEBS Lett. 42,101–104.
Garratty, G., Willbanks, E. & Petz, L D. (1971): An acquired B antigen associated with Proteus vulgaris infection. Vox Sang. 21, 45–56.
Gassner, C., Schmarda, A., Nussbaumer, W. & Schonitzer, D. (1996): ABO glycosyltransferase genotyping by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers. Blood 88,1852–1856.
Gerard, G., Vitrac, D., Le Pendu, J., Muller, A. & Oriol, R. (1982): H-deficient blood groups (Bombay) of Reunion Island. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 34, 937–947.
Gerbal, A., Liberge, G., Cartron, J. P. & Salmon, C. (1970): Les phénotypes Aend: étude immunologique et génétique. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 13, 243–250.
Gerbal, A., Maslet, C. & Salmon, C. (1975): Immunological aspects of the acquired B antigen. Vox Sang. 28, 398–403.
Gerbal, A. & Ropars, C. (1976): L’antigène B acquis. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 19, 127–133.
Gerbal, A., Ropars, C., Gerbal, R., Cartron, J. P., Maslet, C. & Salmon, C. (1976): Acquired B antigen disappearance by in vitro acetylation associated with A, activity restoration. Vox Sang. 31, 64–66.
Gibbons, R. A., Creeth, J. M. & Denborough, M. A. (1970): Biophysical characteristics of the blood group substances. In: Blood and Tissue Antigens (D. Aminoff, ed.). Academic Press, New York — London, pp. 307–324.
Gibbs, M. B., Akeroyd, J. H. & Zapf, J. J. (1961): Quantitative subgroups of the antigen B in man and their occurrence in three racial groups. Nature 192, 1196–1197.
Gold, E. R. & Balding, P. (1975): Receptor-Specific Proteins. Plant and Animal Lectins. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam.
Gold, E. R. & Bhatia, H. M. (1964): Observations on the H antigen. Vox Sang. 9, 625–628.
Goldstein, I. J., Blake, D. A., Ebisu, S., Williams, T. J. & Murphy, L. A. (1981): Carbohydrate binding studies on the Bandeiraea simplicifolia I isolectins. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3890–3893.
Goldstein, J., Lenny, L., Davies, D. & Voak, D. (1989): Further evidence for the presence of A antigen on group B erythrocytes through the use of specific exoglycosidases. Vox Sang. 57, 142–146.
Goodwin, S. D. & Watkins, W. M. (1974): The peptide moiety of blood group specific glycoproteins. Some amino-acid sequences in the regions carrying the carbohydrate chains. Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 371–382.
Gooi, H. C., Hounsell, E. F., Picard, J. K., Lowe, A. D., Voak, D., Lennox, E. S. & Feizi, T. (1985): Differing reactions of monoclonal anti-A antibodies with oligosaccharides related to blood group A. J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13218–13224.
Greenbury, C. L., Moore, D. H. & Nunn, L. A. C. (1963): Reaction of 7S and 19S components of immune rabbit antisera with human group A and AB red cells. Immunology 6, 421–433.
Greenwell, P., Ball, M. G. & Watkins, W. M. (1983): Fucosyltransferase activity in human lymphocytes and granulocytes. Blood group H-gene-specified α-2-L-fucosyltransferase is a discriminatory marker of peripheral blood lymphocytes. FEBS Lett. 164, 314–317.
Greenwell, P. & Watkins, W. M. (1987): Demonstration of fucosyl α1-2 galactoside α-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity in the serum and tissues of blood group O individuals. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Glycoconjugates, Lille, Abstract E-34.
Greenwell, P., Yates, A. D. & Watkins, W. M. (1986): UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as a donor substrate for the glycosyltransferase encoded by the B gene at the human blood group ABO locus. Carbohydr. Res. 149, 149–170.
Grollman, A. P. & Marcus, D. M. (1966): Enzymatic incorporation of fucose into blood group H substance. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 25, 542–548.
Grundbacher, F. J. (1964): Changes in the human A antigen of erythrocytes with the individual’s age. Nature 204, 192–194.
Grundbacher, F. J. & Summerlin, D. C. (1971): Inherited differences in blood group A subtypes in Caucasians and Negroes. Hum. Hered. 21, 88–96.
Grunnet, N., Steffensen, R., Bennett, E. P. & Clausen, H. (1994): Evaluation of histo-blood group ABO genotyping in a Danish population: Frequency of a novel O allele defined as O-2. Vox Sang. 67, 210–215.
Hakomori, S. I. (1981): Blood group ABH and li antigens of human erythrocytes: chemistry, polymorphism, and their developmental change. Sem. Hematol. 18, 39–44.
Hakomori, S. I. (1984): Tumor associated carbohydrate antigens. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2,103–126.
Hakomori, S. I. (1985): Aberrant glycosylation in cancer cell membranes as focused on glycolipids: overview and perspective. Cancer Res. 45, 2405–2414.
Hakomori, S. I. (1989): Aberrant glycosylation in tumors and tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. Adv. Cancer. Res. 52, 257–331.
Hakomori, S. I., Stellner, K. & Watanabe, K. (1972): Four antigenic variants of blood group A glycolipid: examples of highly complex, branched chain glycolipid of animal cell membrane. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49, 1061–1068.
Hakomori, S. I. & Strycharz, G. D. (1968): Investigations on cellular blood-group substances. I. Isolation and chemical composition of blood-group ABH and Leb isoantigens of sphingoglycolipid nature. Biochemistry 7, 1279–1286.
Hamadeh, R. M., Jarvis, G. A., Galili, U., Mandrell, R. E., Zhou, P. & Griffiss, J. M. (1992): Human natural anti-Gal IgG regulates alternative complement pathway activation on bacterial surfaces. J. Clin. Invest. 89, 1223–1235.
Hammarström, S. & Kabat, E. A. (1969): Purification and characterization of a blood-group A reactive hemagglutinin from the snail Helix pomatia and a study of its combining site. Biochemistry 8, 2696–2705.
Hammarström, S., Murphy, L A., Goldstein, I. J. & Etzler, M. E. (1977): Carbohydrate binding specificity of four N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-“specific” lectins: Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin, soy bean agglutinin, lima bean lectin, and Dolichos biflorus lectin. Biochemistry 16, 2750–2755.
Hanfland, P. (1975): Characterization of B and H blood group active glycosphingolipids from human B erythrocyte membranes. Chem. Phys. Lipids 15, 105–124.
Hanfland, P., Egge, H., Dabrowski, U., Kuhn, S., Roelcke, D. & Dabrowski, J. (1981): Isolation and characterization of an l-active ceramide decasaccharide from rabbit erythrocyte membranes. Biochemistry 20, 5310–5319.
Hanfland, P. & Egli, H. (1975): Quantitative isolation and purification of blood group-active glycosphingolipids from human B erythrocytes. Vox Sang. 28, 438–452.
Hanfland, P. & Graham, H. A. (1981): Immunochemistry of the Lewis-blood-group system: partial characterization of Lea-, Leb-, and H-type 1 (Ledh)-blood-group active glycosphingolipids from human plasma. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 210, 383–395.
Hanfland, P., Kordowicz, M., Niermann, H., Egge, H., Dabrowski, U., Peter-Katalinic, J. & Dabrowski, J. (1984): Purification and structures of branched blood-group-B-active glycosphingolipids from human erythrocyte membranes. Eur. J. Biochem. 145, 531–542.
Hanfland, P., Kordowicz, M., Peter-Katalinic, J., Egge, H., Dabrowski, J. & Dabrowski, U. (1988): Structure elucidation of blood group B-like and l-active ceramide eicosa-and pentacosasaccharides from rabbit erythrocyte membranes by combined gas chromatography — mass spectromerty, electron-impact and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional correlated, relayed-coherence transfer, and nuclear Overhauser effect 500-MHz 1H-N.M.R. spectroscopy. Carbohydr. Res. 178, 1–21.
Hansson, G. C. (1983): The structure of two blood group A-active glycosphingolipids with 12 sugars and a branched chain present in the epithelial cells of rat small intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9612–9615.
Hansson, G. C., Bouhours, J. F. & Angström, J. (1987): Characterization of neutral blood group B-active glycosphingolipids of rat gastric mucosa. A novel type of blood group active glycosphingolipid based on isogloboside. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 13135–13141.
Hansson, G. C., Karlsson, K. A., Larson, G., Mckibbin, J. M., Blaszczyk, M., Herlyn, M., Steplewski, Z. & Koprowski, H. (1983): Mouse monoclonal antibodies against human cancer cell lines with specificities for blood group and related antigens. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4091–4097.
Hansson, G. C., Karlsson, K. A. & Thurin, J. (1980): Glycolipids of rat large intestine. Characterization of a novel blood group-B active tetraglycosylceramide absent from small intestine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 620, 270–280.
Harpaz, N., Flowers, H. M. & Sharon, N. (1975): Studies on B-antigenic sites of human erythrocytes by use of coffee bean α-galactosidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 170, 676–683.
Hattori, H., Uemura, K. I., Ishihara, H. & Ogata, H. (1992): Glycolipid of human pancreatic cancer; the appearance of neolacto-series (type 2 chain) glycolipid and the presence of incompatible blood group antigen in tumor tissues. Biochim. Biophys. Ada 1125, 21–27.
Hearn, V. M., Race, C. & Watkins, W. M. (1972): α-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-and α-galactosyttransferases in human ovarian cyst epithelial linings and fluids. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46, 948–956.
Hearn, V. M., Smith, Z. G. & Watkins, W. M. (1968): An α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase associated with the human blood group A character. Biochem. J. 109, 315–317.
Heier, H. E., Kornstad, L., Namork, E., 0Stgard, P. & Sandin, R. (1992): Expression of B and H antigens on red cells from a group Bweak individual studied by sérologie and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Immunohematology 8, 94–99.
Heier, H. E., Namork, E., Calkovska, Z., Sandin, R. & Kornstad, L. (1994): Expression of A antigens on erythrocytes of weak blood group A subgroups. Vox Sang. 66, 231–236.
Henion, T. R., Macher, B. A., Anaraki, F. & Galili, U. (1994): Defining the minimal size of catalytically active primate a1,3 galactosyltransferase: structure-function studies on the recombinant truncated enzyme. Glycobiology 4, 193–201.
Henry, S., Mollicone, R., Fernandez, P., Samuelsson, B., Oriol, R. & Larson, G. (1996): Homozygous expression of a missense mutation at nucleotide 385 in the FUT2 gene associates with the Le(a+b+) partial-secretor phenotype in an Indonesian family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 219, 675–678.
Henry, S., Mollicone, R., Fernandez, P., Samuelsson, B., Oriol, R. & Larson, G. (1996): Molecular basis for erythrocyte Le(a+b+) and salivary ABH partial-secretor phenotypes: expression of a FUT2 secretor allele with an A→t mutation at nucleotide 385 correlates with reduced α(1,2)fucosyltransferase activity. Glycoconj. J. 13, 985–993.
Henry, S., Mollicone, R., Lowe, J. B., Samuelsson, B. & Larson, G. (1996): A second nonsecretor allele of the blood group α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Vox Sang. 70, 21–25.
Henry, S., Oriol, R. & Samuelsson, B. (1995): Lewis histo-blood group system and associated secretory phenotypes. Vox Sang. 69, 166–182.
Henry, S. M., Benny, A. G. & Woodfiled, D. G. (1990): Investigation of Lewis phenotypes on Polynesians: evidence of a weak secretor phenotype. Vox Sang. 58, 61–66.
Herron, R., Greenwell, P., Wetswood, M. C., Race, C., Smith, D. S. & Watkins, W. M. (1980): An H-deficient blood with normal H transferase levels. Vox Sang. 39, 186–194.
Herron, R., Young, D., Clark, M., Smith, D. S., Giles, C. M., Poole, J. & Liew, Y. W. (1982): A specific antibody for cells with acquired B antigen. Transfusion 22, 525–527.
Hindsgaul, O., Khare, D. P., Bach, M. & Lemieux, R. U. (1985): Molecular recognition. III. The binding of the H-type 2 human blood group determinant by the lectin I of Ulex europaeus. Can. J. Chem. 63, 2653–2658.
Hindsgaul, O., Norberg, T., Le Pendu, J. & Lemieux, R. U. (1982): Synthesis of type 2 human blood group antigenic determinants. The H, X, and Y haptens and variations of the H type 2 determinants as probes for the combining site of the lextin I of Ulex europaeus. Carbohydr. Res. 109, 109–142.
Hitoshi, S., Kusunoki, S., Kanazawa, I. & Tsuji, S. (1995): Molecular cloning and expression of two types of rabbit α-galactoside α1,2-fucosyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 8844–8850.
Hitoshi, S., Kusunoki, S., Kanazawa, I. & Tsuji, S. (1996): Molecular cloning and expression of a third type of rabbit GDP-L-fucose:β-D-galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16975–16981.
Holgersson, J., Backer, A. E., Breimer, M. E., Gustavsson, M. L., Jovall, P. A., Karlsson, H., Pimlott, W. & Samuelsson, B. E. (1992): The blood group-B type-4 heptaglycosylceramide is a minor blood group-B structure in human B-kidneys in contrast to the corresponding A-type-4 compound in A-kidneys — structural and in vitro biosynthetic studies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1180, 33–43.
Holgersson, J., Jovall, P. A., Samuelsson, B. E. & Breimer, M. E. (1990): Structural characterization of non-acid glycosphingolipids in kidneys of single blood group-O and group-A pigs. J. Biochem. 108, 766–777.
Hrubisko, M. (1976): Deficient H types. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 19, 157–174.
Hrubisko, M., Calkovska, Z., Mergancová, 0. & Gallovâ, K. (1966): Beobachtungen über Varianten des Blutgruppensystems ABO. I. Studie der Variante Am. Blut 13, 137–142.
Hrubisko, M., Calkovská, Z., Mergancová, O. & Gallová, K. (1966): Beobachtungen über Varianten des Blutgruppensystems ABO. II. Beitrag zur Erblichkeit der Am-Variante. Blut 13, 232–239.
Hrubisko, M. & Mergancova, O. (1966): Beobachtungen über Varianten des Blutgruppensystems ABO. III. Die neuen Variationen OHm und AHm. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Biosynthese der Blutgruppen-Antigene. Blut 13, 278–285.
Hrubisko, M., Mergancová, O., Prodanov, P., Hammerová, T. & Racková, M. (1980): Interalleleic competition and complementation in the ABO blood group system. Immunol. Commun. 9, 139–153.
Hummel, K. & Klement, G. (1970): Untersuchungen über die Heterogenität des Bestandes an A-und H-Rezeptoren individueller A1, und A2 Erythrocyten. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 140, 221–258.
Ikemoto, S. & Furuhata, T. (1971): Serology and genetics of a new blood type Bm. Nat. New Bi. 231, 184–185.
Imberty, A., Mikros, E., Koca, J., Mollicone, R., Oriol, R. & Perez, S. (1995): Computer simulation of histo-blood group oligosaccharides: energy maps of all constituting disaccharides and potential energy surfaces of 14 ABH and Lewis carbohydrate antigens. Glycoconj. J. 12, 331–349.
Ishiyama, I. & Uhlenbruck, G. (1972): Some problems concerning the absorption mechanism of anti-A-agglutinin from Helix pomatia onto Sephadex G-200. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 143, 147–155.
Issitt, P. D. (1985): The ABO blood group system. In: Applied Blood Group Serology. Montgomery Scientific Publications, Miami, Florida, USA, pp. 132–168.
Jacquinet, J. C. & Sinay, P. (1977): Synthesis of blood-group substances. 6. Synthesis of 0-α-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-2)-0-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-0-(α-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-3))-2-acet-amido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside, the postulated Lewis d antigenic determinant. J. Org. Chem. 42, 720–724.
Janvier, D., Veaux, S., Reviron, M., Guignier, F. & Benbunan, M. (1990): Serological characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies directed against acquired B red cells. Vox Sang. 59, 92–95.
Järnefeldt, J., Rush, J., Ll, Y. T. & Laine, R. A. (1978): Erythroglycan, a high molecular weight glycopeptide with the repeating structure [galactosyl(1-4)-2-deoxy-2-acetamidoglucosyl(1-3)] comprising more than one-third of the protein-bound carbohydrate of human erythrocyte stroma. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8006–8009.
Jarosch, K., Schnitzler, S., Prokop, O. & Uhlenbruck, G. (1967): Anti-B (Anti-Bsa) in Forelleneiern. Z. Ärztl. Fortbildung 61, 758–759.
Johnson, P. H. & Hopkinson, D. A. (1992): Detection of ABO blood group polymorphism by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1, 341–344.
Jovall, P. A., Lindström, K., Pascher, I., Pimlott, W. & Samuelsson, B. E. (1987): Identification of a blood group A active hexaglycosylceramide with a type 1 carbohydrate chain in plasma of an A, Le(a-b-) secretor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 257, 409–415.
Joziasse, D. H., Shaper, J. H., Jabs, E. W. & Shaper, N. L. (1991): Characterzation of an a1→3-galactosyltransferase homologue on human chromosome 12 that is organized as a processed pseudogene. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 6991–6998.
Joziasse, D. H., Shaper, J. H., Van Den Eijnden, D. H., VanTunen, A. J. & Shaper, N. L (1989): Bovine a1 →3-galactosyltransferase: isolation and characterizatiohn of a cDNA clone. Identification of homologous sequences in human genomic DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14290–14297.
Joziasse, D. H., Shaper, N. L., Kim, D. Y., Van Den Eijnden, D. H. & Shaper, J. H. (1992): Murine α1,3-galactosyltransferase. A single gene locus specifies four isoforms of the enzyme by alternative splicing. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5534–5541.
Judd, W. J., Mcguire-Mallory, N., Anderson, K. M., Heath, E. J., Swanson, J., Gray, J. M. & Oberman, H. A. (1979): Concomitant T-and Tk activation associated with acquired B antigens. Transfusion 19, 293–298.
Kabat, E. A. (1956): Blood Group Substances. Their Chemistry and Immunochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
Kabat, E. A. (1962): Immunochemical studies on blood groups XXIX. Action of various oligosaccharides from human milk in inhibiting the cross reactions of type-XIV antipneumococcal sera with partially hydrolyzed blood-group substances (P1 fractions). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1, 181–186.
Kabat, E. A. (1971): Einführung in die Immunchemie und Immunologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.
Kaneko, M., Nishihara, S., Shinya, N., Kudo, T., Iwasaki, H., Seno, T., Okubo, Y. & Narimatsu, H. (1997): Wide variety of point mutations in the H gene of Bombay and para-Bombay individuals that inactivate H enzyme. Blood 90, 839–849.
Kannagi, R., Levery, S. B. & Hakomori, S. I. (1984): Blood group H antigen with globo-series structure. Isolation and characterization from human blood group O erythrocytes. FEBS Lett. 175, 397–401.
Kannagi, R., Levery, S. B., Ishigami, F., Hakomori, S. I., Shevinsky, L. H., Knowles, B. B. & Solter, D. (1983): New globoseries glycosphingolipids in human teratocarcinoma reactive with the monoclonal antibody directed to a developmentally regulated antigen, stage-specific embryonic antigen 3. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8934–8942.
Karhi, K. K. & Gahmberg, C. G. (1980): Identification of blood group A-active glycoproteins in the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 622, 344–354.
Karhi, K. K. & Gahmberg, C. G. (1980): Isolation and characterization of the blood group A-specific lectin from Vicia cracca. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 622, 337–343.
Karlsson, K. A. & Larson, G. (1981): Molecular characterization of cell surface antigens of fetal tissue. Detailed analysis of glycosphingolipids of meconium of a human O Le(a-b+) secretor. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3512–3524.
Kelly, R. J., Ernst, L. K., Larsen, R. D., Bryant, J. G., Robinson, J. S. & Lowe, J. B. (1994): Molecular basis for H blood group deficiency in Bombay (Oh) and para-Bombay individuals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 5843–5847.
Kelly, R. J., Rouquier, S., Giorgi, D., Lennon, G. G. & Lowe, J. B. (1995): Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Homozygosity for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense mutation commonly correlates with the non-secretor phenotype. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 4640–4649.
Kelton, J. G., Hamid, C., Aker, S. & Blajchman, A. (1982): The amount of blood group A substance on platelets is proportional to the amount in the plasma. Blood 59, 980–985.
Kermarrec, N., Roubinet, F., Apoil, P. A. & Blancher, A. (1999): Comparison of allele O sequences of the human and non-human primate ABO system. Immunogenetics 49, 517–526.
Kim, Y. S., Perdomo, J., Bella, A. & Nordberg, J. (1971): N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase in human serum and erythrocyte membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 1753–1756.
King, J. S., Fileden, M. L., Goodman, H. O. & Boyce, W. H. (1961): Total nondialyzable solids in human urine. X. Isolation and characterization of non ultrafiltrable material with blood-group substance activity. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 95, 310–315.
Kisailus, E. C. & Kabat, E. A. (1978): Immunochemical studies on blood-groups. LXVI. Competitive binding assays of A1, and A2 blood-group substances with insolubilized anti-A serum and insolubilized A agglutinin from Dolichos biflorus. J. Exp. Med. 147, 830–843.
Kishi, K., Takizawa, H. & Iseki, S. (1977): Isoelectric analysis of B gene-associated a-galactosyltransferases in human serum and saliva. Proc. J p. Acad. 53, 172–177.
Knowles, R. W., Bai, Y., Daniels, G. L. & Watkins, W. M. (1982): Monoclonal anti-type 2 H: an antibody detecting a precursor of the A and B blood group antigens. J. Immunogenet. 9, 69–76.
Kobata, A. (1977): Milk glycoproteins and oligosaccharides. In: The Glycoconjugates. (M. I. Horowitz, and W. Pigman, eds.). Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, pp. 423–440.
Kobata, A. & Ginsburg, V. (1970): Undine diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:D-galactose α-S-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase, a product of the gene that determines blood type A in man. J. Biol. Chem. 245, 1484–1490.
Kobata, A., Grollman, E. F. & Ginsburg, V. (1968): An enzymic basis for blood type A in humans. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 124, 609–612.
Kobata, A., Grollman, E. F. & Ginsburg, V. (1968): An enzymatic basis for blood type B in humans. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 32, 272–277.
Koda, Y., Soejima, M., Johnson, P. H., Smart, E. & Kimura, H. (1997): Missense mutation of FUT1 and deletion of FUT2 are responsible for Indian Bombay phenotype of ABO blood group system. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238, 21–25.
Koda, Y., Soejima, M. & Kimura, H. (1997): Structure and expression of H-type GDP-L-fucose:β-D-galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase gene (FUT1) — Two transcription start sites and alternative splicing generate several forms of FUT1 mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 7501–7505.
Koda, Y., Soejima, M., Liu, Y. H. & Kimura, H. (1996): Molecular basis for secretor type α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene deficiency in a Japanese population: a fusion gene generated by unequal crossover responsible for the enzyme deficiency. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 59, 343–350.
Koda, Y., Soejima, M., Wang, B. J. & Kimura, H. (1997): Structure and expression of the gene encoding secretor-type galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase (FUT2). Eur. J. Biochem. 246, 750–755.
Kogure, T. (1975): The action of group Bm or cisAB sera on group O red cells in the presence of UDP-D-galactose. Vox Sang. 29, 51–58.
Kogure, T. & Furukawa, K. (1976): Enzymatic conversion of human group O red cells into group B active cells by α-D-galactosyltransferase of sera and salivas from group B and its variant types. J. Immunogenet. 3, 147–154.
Kogure, T. & Furukawa, K. (1980): Detection and activity of blood group B gene-associated α-galactosyltransferase in human urine. J. Immunogenet. 7, 375–380.
Kominato, Y., Fujikura, T., Takizawa, T., Hayashi, K., Mori, T., Matsue, K., Yasue, S. & Matsuda, T. (1990): Antibody to blood group glycosyltransferases in a patient transplanted with an ABO incompatible bone marrow. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 7, 85–90.
Kominato, Y., Mcneill, P. D., Yamamoto, M., Russell, M., Hakomori, S. & Yamamoto, F. (1992): Animal histo blood group ABO genes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189, 154–164.
Konami, Y., Yamamoto, K. & Osawa, T. (1991): Purification and characterization of two types of Cytisus sessilifolius anti-H(O) lectins by affinity chromatography. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 372, 103–111.
Konami, Y., Yamamoto, K., Tsuji, T., Matsumoto, I. & Osawa, T. (1983): Purification and characterization of two types of Laburnum alpinum anti-H(O) hemagglutinin by affinity chromatography. Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 364, 397–405.
Koscielak, J., Lenkiewicz, B., Zielenski, J. & Seyfried, H. (1986): Weak A phenotypes possibly caused by mutation. Vox Sang. 50, 187–190.
Koscielak, J., Miller-Podraza, H., Krauze, R. & Piasek, A. (1976): Isolation and characterization of poly(glycosyl)ceramides (megaloglycolipids) with A, H, and I blood group activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 71, 9–18.
Koscielak, J., Pacuska, T. & Dzierzkowa-Borodej, W. (1976): Activity of B-gene-specified galactosyltransferase in individuals with Bm phenotypes. Vox Sang. 30, 58–67.
Koscielak, J., Piasek, A., Gorniak, H., Gardas, A. & Gregor, A. (1973): Structures of fucose-containing glycolipids with H and B blood-group activity and of sialic acid and glucosamine-containing glycolipid of human erythrocyte membrane. Eur. J. Biochem. 37, 214–225.
Koscielak, J., Zdebska, E., Wilczynska, Z., Miller-Podraza, H. & Dzierzkowa-Borodej, W. (1979): Immunochemistry of li-active glycosphingolipids of erythrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 96, 331–337.
Kothbauer, H. & Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1975): Hemagglutinins in fish eggs: comparative studies on different Salmonidae species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 50A, 27–29.
Kothbauer, H. & Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1978): Immunchemische Untersuchungen an Braunfrosch-Laich: Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Rana temporaria, Rana arvalis, Rana dalmatina und Rana latastei. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolut.-Forsch. 16, 144–148.
Krüpe, M. & Braun, C. (1952): Über ein pflanzliches Hämagglutinin gegen menschliche B-Blutzellen. Naturwiss. 39, 284–285.
Krusius, T., Finne, J. & Rauvala, H. (1978): The poly(glycosyl) chains of glycoproteins. Characterization of a novel type of glycoprotein saccharides from human erythrocyte membrane. Eur. J. Biochem. 92, 298–300.
Kudo, T., Iwasaki, H., Nishihara, S., Shinya, N., Ando, T., Narimatsu, I. & Narimatsu, H. (1996): Molecular genetic analysis of the human Lewis histo-blood group system. 2. Secretor gene inactivation by a novel single missense mutation A385T in Japanese nonsecretor individuals. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9830–9837.
Kuhns, W. J., Oliver, R. T., Watkins, W. M. & Greenwell, P. (1980): Leukemia-induced alterations of serum glycosyltransferase enzymes. Cancer Res. 40, 268–275.
Kumazaki, T. & Yoshida, A. (1984): Biochemical evidence that secretor gene, Se, is a structural gene encoding a specific fucosyltransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 4193–4197.
Kyprianou, P., Betteridge, A., Donald, A. S. R. & Watkins, W. M. (1990): Purification of the blood group H gene associated α-2-L-fucosyltransferase from human plasma. Glycoconj. J. 7, 573–588.
Landsteiner, K. (1900): Zur Kenntnis der antifermativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 27, 357–362.
Landsteiner, K. (1901): Über Agglutinationserscheinungen normalen menschlichen Blutes. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 14, 1132–1134.
Landsteiner, K. & Levine, P. (1930): Differentiation of a type of human blood by means of normal animal serum. J. Immunol., 87–94.
Lanset, S. & Ropartz, C. (1971): A second example of acquired B-like antigen in a healthy person. Vox Sang. 20, 82–84.
Lanset, S., Ropartz, C., Rousseau, P. Y., Guerbet, Y. & Salmon, C. (1966): Une famille comportant les phénotypes Bombay: OAB h et OB h. Transfusion (Paris) 9, 255–258.
Larsen, R. D., Ernst, L. K., Nair, R. P. & Lowe, J. B. (1990): Molecular cloning, sequence, and expression of a human GDP-L-fucose: α-D-galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase cDNA that can form the H blood group antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6674–6678.
Larsen, R. D., Rajan, V. P., Ruff, M. M., Kukowska-Latallo, J., Cummings, R. D. & Lowe, J. B. (1989): Isolation of a cDNA encoding a murine UDP-galactose: α-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide α-1,3-galactosyltransferase: expression cloning by gene transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 8227–8231.
Larsen, R. D., Rivera-Marrero, C. A., Ernst, L. K., Cummings, R. D. & Lowe, J. B. (1990): Frameshift and nonsense mutations in a human genomic sequence homologous to a murine UDP-Gal:β-D-Gal(1,4)-D-GlcNAc α(1,3)-galactosyltransferase cDNA. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 7055–7061.
Larson, G. & Samuelsson, B. E. (1980): Blood-group type glycosphingolipids of human cord blood erythrocytes. J. Biochem. 88, 647–657.
Lau, P., Sererat, S., Beatty, J., Oilschlager, R. & Kini, J. (1990): Group A variants defined with a monoclonal anti-A reagent. Transfusion 30, 142–145.
Le Pendu, J. (1989): A hypothesis on the dual significance of ABH, Lewis and related antigens. J. Immunogenet. 16, 53–61.
Le Pendu, J., Cartron, J. P., Lemieux, R. U. & Oriol, R. (1985): The presence of at least two different H-blood-group-related α-D-Gal α-2-L-fucosyltransferases in human serum and the genetics of blood group H substances. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 37, 749–760.
Le Pendu, J., Clamagirand-Mulet, C., Cartron, J. P., Gerard, G., Vitrac, D. & Oriol, R. (1983): H-deficient blood groups of Reunion island. III. α-L-Fucosyltransferase activity in sera of homozygous and heterozygous individuals. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 35, 497–507.
Le Pendu, J., Gerard, G., Vitrac, D., Juszczak, G., Liberge, G., Rouger, P., Salmon, C., Lambert, F., Dalix, A. M. & Oriol, R. (1983): H-deficient blood groups of Reunion island. II. Differences between Indians (Bombay phenotype) and whites (Reunion phenotype). Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 35, 484–496.
Le Pendu, J., Lambert, F., Gerard, G., Vitrac, D., Mollicone, R. & Oriol, R. (1986): On the specificity of human anti-H antibodies. Vox Sang. 50, 223–226.
Le Pendu, J., Lambert, F., Samuelsson, B., Breimer, M. E., Seitz, R. C., Urdaniz, M. P., Suesa, N., Ratcliffe, M., Francois, A., Poschmann, A., Vinas, J. & Oriol, R. (1986): Monoclonal antibodies specific for type 3 and type 4 chain-based blood group determinants: relationship to the A1 and A2 subgroups. Glycoconj. J. 3, 255–271.
Le Pendu, J., Lemieux, R. U., Lambert, F., Dalix, A. M. & Oriol, R. (1982): Distribution of H type 1 and H type 2 antigenic determinants in human sera and saliva. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 34, 402–415.
Le Pendu, J., Oriol, R., Juszczak, G., Liberge, G., Rouger, P., Salmon, C. & Cartron, J. P. (1983): a-2-L-fucosyltransferase activity in sera of individuals with H-deficient red cells and normal H antigen in secretions. Vox Sang. 44, 360–365.
Lemieux, R. U. (1978): Human blood groups and carbohydrate chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 7, 423–452.
Lemieux, R. U., Baker, D. A., Weinstein, W. M. & Switzer, C. M. (1981): Artificial antigens. Antibody preparations for the localization of Lewis determinants in tissues. Biochemistry 20, 199–205.
Lemieux, R.U., Bock, K., Delbaere, L. T. J., Koto, S. & Rao, V. S. (1980): The conformations of oligosaccharides related to the ABH and Lewis human blood group determinants. Can. J. Chem. 58, 631–653.
Lemieux, R. U. & Driguez, H. (1975): The chemical synthesis of 2-0-(α-L-fucopyranosyl)-3-0-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose. The terminal structure of the blood-group B antigenic determinant. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 97, 4069–4075.
Lindberg, B., Lonngren, J. & Powell, D. A. (1977): Structural studies on the specific type-14 pneumococcal polysaccharide. Carbohydr. Res. 58, 177–186.
Lis, H., Latter, H., Adar, R. & Sharon, N. (1988): Isolation of two blood type A and N specific isolectins from Moluccella laevis seeds. FEBS Lett. 233, 191–195.
Liu, Y., Koda, Y., Soejima, M., Pang, H., Schlaphoff, T., Du Toit, E. & Kimura, H. (1998): Extensive polymorphism of the FUT2 gene in an African (Xhosa) population of South Africa. Hum. Genet. 103, 204–210.
Lloyd, K. O. & Kabat, E. A. (1968): Immunochemical studies on blood groups. XLI. Proposed structures for the carbohydrate portions of blood group A, B, H, Lewisa, and Lewisb substances. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 61, 1470–1477.
Lopez, M., Benali, J., Cartron, J. P. & Salmon, C. (1980): Some notes on the specificity of anti-A, reagents. Vox Sang. 39, 271–276.
Lopez, M., Gerbal, A. & Salmon, C. (1972): Excès d’antigène I dans les érythrocytes de phénotypes Oh, Ah et Bh. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 15, 187–193.
Lopez, M., Liberge, G., Gerbal, A., Brocteur, J. & Salmon, C. (1976): Cis AB blood groups. Immunologie, thermodynamic, and quantitative studies of ABH antigen. Biomedicine 24, 265–271.
Lowe, A. D., Lennox, E. S. & Voak, D. (1984): A new monoclonal anti-A. Culture supernatants with a performance of hyperimmune human reagents. Vox Sang. 46, 29–35.
Lubenko, A. & Ivanyl, J. (1986): Epitope specificity of blood-group-A-reactive murine monoclonal antibodies. Vox Sang. 51, 136–142.
Lundblad, A. (1977): Urinary glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and oligosaccharides. In: The Glycoconjugates (M. I. Horowitz, and W. Pigman, eds.). Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, pp. 441–458.
Madsen, G. & Heistö, H. (1968): A Korean family showing inheritance of A and B on the same chromosome. Vox Sang. 14, 211–217.
Mak, K. H., Lubenko, A., Greenwell, P., Voak, D., Yan, K. F. & Poole, J. (1996): Serologie characteristics of H-deficient phenotypes among Chinese in Hong Kong. Transfusion 36, 994–999.
Mäkelä, O. (1957): Studies in hemagglutinins of Leguminosae seeds. Ann. Med. Exp. Biol. Fenn. 35, 1–133.
Mäkelä, O. & Mäkelä, P. (1956): Some new blood group specific phytagglutinins. Ann. Med. Exp. Biol. Fenn. 34, 402–404.
Mäkelä, O., Mäkelä, P. & KrÜpe, M. (1959): Zur Spezifität der Anti-B Phythämagglutinine. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 117, 220–229.
Mäkelä, O., Ruoslathi, E. & Ehnholm, C. (1969): Subtypes of human ABO blood-groups and subtype-specific antibodies. J. Immunol. 102, 763–771.
Mandel, U., Langkilde, N. C., Orntoft, T. F., Therkildsen, M. H., Karkov, J., Reibel, J., White, T., Clausen, H. & Dabelsteen, E. (1992): Expression of histo-blood-group-A/B-gene-defined glycosyltransferases in normal and malignant epithelia: correlation with A/B-carbohydrate expression. Int. J. Cancer 52, 7–12.
Marsh, W. C. (1960): The pseudo-B antigen. A study of its development. Vox Sang. 5, 387–397.
Marsh, W. L., Ferrari, M., Nichols, M. E., Fernandez, G. & Cooper, K. (1973): Bm H: a weak B antigen variant. Vox Sang. 25, 341–346.
Marsh, W. L., Jenkins, W. J. & Walther, W. W. (1959): Pseudo B: an acquired group antigen. Brit. Med. J. ii, 63–66.
Martin, A., Biol, M. C., Arrambide, E., Richard, M. & Louisot, P. (1981): Paramètres cinétiques d’une fucosyl-transférase intestinale soluble purifiée. Biochimie 63, 241–245.
Martinko, J. m., Vincek, V., Klein, D. & Klein, J. (1993): Primate ABO glycosyltransferases-evidence for trans-species evolution. Immunogenetics 37, 274–278.
Masutani, H. & Kimura, H. (1995): Purification and characterization of secretory-type GDP-L-fucose:β-D-galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase from human gastric mucosa. J. Biochem. 118, 541–545.
Matsue, K., Yasue, S., Matsuda, T., Iwabuchi, K., Ohtsuka, M., Ueda, M., Kondo, K., Shiobara, S., Mori, T., Koizumi, S. I., Yamagami, M. & Harada, M. (1989): Plasma glycosyltransferase activity after ABO-incompatible bone marrow transplantation and development of an inhibitor for glycosyltransferase activity. Exp. Hematol. 17, 827–831.
Matsukura, Y. (1976): α-Galactosyltransferase activity in the serum of frogs (Rana catesbeiana). Z. Immun.-Forsch. 152, 260–265.
Matsukura, Y. (1976): On the blood group B gene-specified α-galactosyltransferase in the serum of the Japanese tortoise (Clemmys japonica). Immunology 31, 571–575.
Matsumoto, I. & Osawa, T. (1969): Purification and characterization of and anti-H(O) phytohaemagglutinin of Ulex europaeus. Biochim. Biophys. Ada 194, 180–189.
Matsumoto, I. & Osawa, T. (1974): Specific purification of eel serum and Cytisus sessilifolius anti-H hemagglutinins by affinity chromatography and their binding to human erythrocytes. Biochemistry 13, 582–588.
Mcalpine, P. J., Shows, T. B., Boucheix, C., Stranc, L. C., Berent, T. G., Pakstis, A. J. & Doute, R. C. (1989): Report of the nomenclature committee and the catalog of mapped genes. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 51, 13–66.
Mcgowan, A., Tod, A., Chirnside, A., Green, C., Mccoll, K., Moore, S., Yap, P. L., Mcclelland, D. B. L., Mccann, M. C., Micklem, L. R. & James, K. (1989): Stability of murine monoclonal anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B ABO grouping reagents and a multi-centre evaluation of their performance in routine use. Vox Sang. 56, 122–130.
Meijerink, E., Fries, R., Vögeli, P., Masabanda, J., Wigger, G., Stricker, C., Neuenschwander, S., Bertschinger, H. U. & Stranzinger, G. (1997): Two α(1,2) fucosyltransferase genes on porcine Chromosome 6q11 are closely linked to the blood group inhibitor (S) and Escherichia coli F18 receptor (ECF18R) loci. Mamm. Genome 8, 736–741.
Messeter, L., Brodin, T., Chester, M. A., Low, B. & Lundblad, A. (1984): Mouse monoclonal antibodies with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B specificities; some superior to human polyclonal ABO reagents. Vox Sang. 46, 185–194.
Metoki, R., Kakudo, K., Tsuji, Y., Teng, N., Clausen, H. & Hakomori, S. I. (1989): Deletion of histo-blood group A and B antigens and expression of incompatible A antigen in ovarian cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81, 1151–1157.
Milner, L. V. & Calitz, F. (1968): Quantitative studies of the erythrocytic B antigen in South African Caucasian, Bantu, and Asiatic blood donors. Transfusion 8, 277–282.
Mohn, J. F., Cunningham, R. K. & Bates, J. E. (1977): Qualitative distinctions between subgroups A1,and A2. In: Human Blood Groups — Proceedings of the 5th International Convocation on Immunologty, Buffalo 1976. (J.F. Mohn, R.W. Plunkett, R.K. Cunningham, and R. R. Lambert, eds.). S. Karger, Basel, pp. 361–325.
Mohn, J. F., Cunningham, R. K., Pirkola, A., Furuhjelm, U. & Nevanlinna, H. R. (1973): An inherited blood group A variant in the Finnish population. I. Basic characteristics. Vox Sang. 25, 193–211.
Mojena, M. & Bosca, L. (1989): Identification of an anti-A and anti-B blood group glycosyltransferase antibody after incompatible bone marrow transplant. Blood 74, 1134–1138.
Mollicone, R., Bara, J., Le Pendu, J. & Oriol, R. (1985): Immunohistologic pattern of type 1 (Lea, Leb) and type 2 (X, Y, H) blood-group related antigens in the human pyloric and duodenal mucosae. Lab. Invest. 53, 219–227.
Mollicone, R., Caillard, T., Le Pendu, J., Francois, A., Sansonetti, N., Villarroya, H. & Oriol, R. (1988): Expression of ABH and X (Lex) antigens on platelets and lymphocytes. Blood 71, 1113–1119.
Mollicone, R., Le Pendu, J., Bara, J. & Oriol, R. (1986): Heterogeneity of the ABH antigenic determinants expressed in human pyloric and duodenal mucosae. Glycoconj. J. 3, 187–202.
Moore, B. P. L., Newstead, P. H. & Marson, A. (1961): A weak inherited group A phenotype. Vox Sang. 6, 624–626.
Moore, S., Chirnside, A., Micklem, L. R., Mcclelland, D. B. L. & James, K. (1984): A mouse monoclonal antibody with anti-A,(B) specificity which agglutinates Ax cells. Vox Sang. 47, 427–434.
Moores, P. P., Issitt, P. D., Pavone, B. G. & Mckeever, B. G. (1975): Some observations on “Bombay” bloods, with comments on evidence for the existence of two different Oh phenotypes. Transfusion 15, 237–243.
Moreno, C., Lundblad, A. & Kabat, E. A. (1971): Immunochemical studies on blood-groups. LI. A comparative study of the reaction of A1, and A2 blood-group glycoproteins with human anti-A. J. Exp. Med. 134, 439–457.
Morgan, W. T. J. & Watkins, W. M. (1948): The detection of a product of the blood group O gene and the relationship of the so-called O substance to the agglutinogens A and AB. Brit. J. Exp. Pathol. 29, 159–173.
Mulet, C., Cartron, J. P., Badet, J. & Salmon, C. (1977): Activity of 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase in human sera and red cell membranes. A study of common ABH blood donors, rare ‘bombay’ and ‘parabombay’ individuals. FEBS Lett. 84, 74–78.
Mulet, C., Cartron, J. P., Lopez, M. & Salmon, C. (1978): ABH glycosyltransferase levels in sera and red cell membranes from H2 and Hm varaint bloods. FEBS Lett. 90, 233–238.
Mulet, C., Cartron, J. P., Schenkel-Brunner, H., Duchet, H., Sinay, P. & Salmon, C. (1979): Probable biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of the B antigen from Bh variants. Vox Sang. 37, 272–280.
Munro, J. R. & Schachter, H. (1973): The presence of two GDP-L-fucose:glycoprotein fucosyltransferases in human serum. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 156, 534–542.
Murphy, L. A. & Goldstein, I. J. (1977): Five α-D-galactopyranosyl-binding isolectins from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds. J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4739–4742.
Muschel, L. H. & Osawa, E. (1959): Human blood group substance B in Escherichia coli O 86. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. 101, 614–617.
Nagai, M., Davé, V., Kaplan, B. E. & Yoshida, A. (1978): Human blood group glycosyltransferases. I. Purification of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 377–379.
Nagai, M., Davé, V., Muensch, H. & Yoshida, A. (1978): Human blood group glycosyltransferase. II. Purification of galactosyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 380–381.
Nagai, M. & Yoshida, A. (1978): Possible existence of hybrid glycosyltransferase in heterozygous blood group AB subjects. Vox Sang. 35, 378–381.
Nakajima, T., Yazawa, S., Miyazaki, S. & Furukawa, K. (1993): Immunochemical characterization of anti-H monoclonal antibodies obtained from a mouse immunized with human saliva. J. Immunol. Methods 159, 261–267.
Nakamura, I., Takizawa, H. & Nishino, K. (1989): A3 phenotype with A’ gene-specified enzyme character in serum. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 6, 143–149.
Navaratnam, N., Findlay, J. B. C., Keen, J. N. & Watkins, W. M. (1990): Purification, properties and partial amino acid sequence of the blood-group-A-gene-associated α-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from human gut mucosal tissue. Biochem. J. 271, 93–98.
Nemec, M., Drimalova, D., Horejsi, V., Vanak, J., Bartek, J. & Viklicky, V. (1987): Murine monoclonal antibodies to human A erythrocytes: differential reactivity with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Vox Sang. 52, 125–128.
Nevanlinna, H. R. & Pirkola, A. (1973): An inherited blood group A variant in the Finnish population. II. Population studies. Vox Sang. 24, 404–416.
Nilsson, O., Mansson, J. E., Brezicka, T., Holmgren, J., Lindholm, L., Sorenson, S., Yngvason, F. & Svennerholm, L. (1984): Fucosyl GM1, a ganglioside associated with small cell lung carcinomas. Glycoconj. J. 1, 43–49.
Nyholm, P. G., Samuelsson, B. E., Breimer, M. & Pascher, I. (1989): Conformational analysis of blood group A-active glycosphingolipids using HSEA-calculations. The possible significance of the core oligosaccharide chain for the presentation and recognition of the A-determinant. J. Mol. Recognit. 2, 103–113.
Ogasawara, K., Bannai, M., Saitou, N., Yabe, R., Nakata, K., Takenaka, M., Fujisawa, K., Uchikawa, M., Ishikawa, Y., Juji, T. & Tokunaga, K. (1996): Extensive polymorphism of ABO blood group gene: three major lineages of the alleles for the common ABO phenotypes. Hum. Genet. 97, 777–783.
Ogasawara, K., Yabe, R., Uchikawa, M., Saitou, N., Bannai, M., Nakata, K., Takenaka, M., Fujisawa, K., Ishikawa, Y., Juji, T. & Tokunaga, K. (1996): Molecular genetic analysis of variant phenotypes of the ABO blood group system. Blood 88, 2732–2737.
Olsson, M. L. & Chester, M. A. (1995): A rapid and simple ABO genotype screening method using a novel B/O2 versus A/O2 discriminating nucleotide substitution at the ABO hocus. Vox Sang. 69, 242–247.
Olsson, M. L. & Chester, M. A. (1996): Evidence for a new type of O allele at the ABO locus, due to a combination of the A2 nucleotide deletion and the Ael nucleotide insertion. Vox Sang. 71, 113–117.
Olsson, M. L. & Chester, M. A. (1996): Frequent occurrence of a variant O’ gene at the blood group ABO locus. Vox Sang. 70, 26–30.
Olsson, M. L. & Chester, M. A. (1996): Polymorphisms at the ABO locus in subgroup A individuals. Transfusion 36, 309–313.
Olsson, M. L., Guerreiro, J. F., Zago, M. A. & Chester, M. A. (1997): Molecular analysis of the O alleles at the blood group ABO locus in populations of different ethnic origin reveals novel crossing-over events and point mutations. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 234, 779–782.
Olsson, M. L., Thuresson, B. & Chester, M. A. (1995): An Ael allele-specific nucleotide insertion at the blood group ABO locus and its detection using a sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 216, 642–647.
Oriol, R. (1987): ABH and related tissue antigens. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 15, 596–599.
Oriol, R. (1987): Tissular expression of ABH and Lewis antigens in humans and animals: expected value of different animal models in the study of ABO-incompatible organ transplants. Transpl. Proc. 19, 4416–4420.
Oriol, R. (1990): Genetic control of the fucosylation of ABH precursor chains. Evidence for new epistatic interactions in different cells and tissues. J. Immunogenet. 17, 235–245.
Oriol, R., Danilovs, J. & Hawkins, B. R. (1981): A new genetic model proposing that the Se gene is a structural gene closely linked to the H gene. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 33, 421–431.
Oriol, R., Danilovs, J., Lemieux, R. U., Terasaki, P. I. & Bernoco, D. (1980): Lymphocytotoxic definition of combined ABH and Lewis antigens and their transfer from sera to lymphocytes. Hum. Immunol. 1, 195–205.
Oriol, R., Le Pendu, J. & Mollicone, R. (1986): Genetics of ABO, H, Lewis, X, and related antigens. Vox Sang. 51, 161–171.
Oriol, R., Le Pendu, J. & Sparkes, R. (1981): Insights into the expression of ABH and Lewis antigens through human bone marrow transplantation. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 33, 551–560.
Oriol, R., Samuelsson, B. E. & Messeter, L. (1990): ABO antibodies. Serological behaviour and immuno-chemical characterization. J. Immunogenet. 17, 279–299.
Oriol, R., Ye, Y., Koren, E. & Cooper, D. K. (1993): Carbohydrate antigens of pig tissues reacting with human natural antibodies as potential targets for hyperacute vascular rejection in pig-to-man organ xenotransplantation. Transplantation 56, 1433–1442.
ØRntoft, T. F., Greenwell, P., Clausen, H. & Watkins, W. M. (1991): Regulation of the oncodevelopmental expression of type 1 chain ABH and Lewis(b) blood group antigens in human colon by α-2-L-fucosylation. Gut 32, 287–293.
Ottensooser, F., Sato, M., Sato, R. & Kurata, H. (1972): Lectin specificity induced by a fungus. Vox Sang. 22, 354–358.
Ottensooser, F., Sato, R. & Sato, M. (1968): A new anti-B lectin. Transfusion 8, 44–46.
Pacuska, T. & Koscielak, J. (1972): The biosynthesis of blood-group-B character on human O-erythrocytes by a soluble α-galactosyltransferase from milk. Eur. J. Biochem. 31, 574–577.
Pacuska, T. & Koscielak, J. (1974): ±1→2 Fucosyltransferase of human bone marrow. FEBS Lett. 41, 348–351.
Pacuska, T., Koscielak, J., Seyfried, H. & Walewska, I. (1975): Biochemical, serological, and family studies in individuals with cis AB phenotypes. Vox Sang. 29, 292–300.
Pemberton, R. T. (1974): Anti-A and anti-B of gastropod origin. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 234, 95–121.
Pereira, M. E. A. & Kabat, E. A. (1974): Specificity of purified hemagglutinin (lectin) from Lotus tetragonolobus. Biochemistry 13, 3184–3192.
Pereira, M. E. A., Kisailus, E. C., Gruezo, F. & Kabat, E. A. (1978): Immunochemical studies on the combining site of the blood group H-specific lectin 1 from Ulex europaeus seeds. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 185, 108–115.
Petryniak, J. & Goldstein, I. J. (1986): Immunochemical studies on the interaction between synthetic glycoconjugates and α-L-fucosyl binding lectins. Biochemistry 25, 2829–2838.
Piau, J. P., Labarriere, N., Dabouis, G. & Denis, M. G. (1994): Evidence for two distinct α(1,2)-fucosyltransferase genes differentially expressed throughout the rat colon. Biochem. J. 300, 623–626.
Piller, V., Piller, F. & Cartron, J. P. (1990): Comparison of the carbohydrate-binding specificities of seven N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-recognizing lectins. Eur. J. Biochem. 191, 461–466.
Plato, C. C. & Gershowitz, H. (1961 ): Specific differences in the inhibition titers of the anti-H lectins from Cytisus sessilifolius and Ulex europaeus. Vox Sang. 6, 336–347.
Poretz, R. D. & Watkins, W. M. (1972): Galactosyltransferases in human submaxillary glands and stomach mucosa associated with the biosynthesis of blood group B specific glycoproteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 25, 455–462.
Prieels, J. P., Beyers, T. & Hill, R. L. (1977): Human milk fucosyltransferases. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 5, 838–839.
Prokop, O., Schlesinger, D. & Geserick, G. (1967): Thermostabiles B-Agglutinin aus Konserven von Lachskaviar. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 132, 491–494.
Prokop, O., Schlesinger, D. & Rackwitz, A. (1965): Über eine thermostabile ‘antibody-like substance’ (Anti-Ahel) bei Helix pomatia und deren Herkunft. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 129, 402–412.
Prokop, O., Schnitzler, S. & Uhlenbruck, G. (1967): Über einen kräftigen H-Antikörper bei zwei Vertretern der Percidae, aufgefunden im Rogen der Tiere. Acta Biol. Med. Germ. 18, K7.
Pusztai, A. & Morgan, W. T. J. (1963): Studies in immunochemistry. 22. The amino acid composition of the human blood group A, B, H, and Lea specific substances. Biochem. J. 88, 546–555.
Race, C. & Watkins, W. m. (1972): The enzymic products of the human A and B blood group genes in the serum of ‘bombay’ O0h donors. FEBS Lett. 27, 125–130.
Race, C. & Watkins, W. M. (1974): Inhibition of the blood group A1, and A2 gene-specified N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminyltransferases by uridine diphosphate D-galactose. Carbohydr. Res. 37, 239–244.
Race, C., Ziderman, D. & Watkins, W. M. (1968): An α-D-galactosyltransferase associated with the blood-group B character. Biochem. J. 107, 733–735.
Race, Ft. R. & Sänger, R. (1975): The ABO blood groups. In: Blood Groups in Man. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 8–91.
Race, R. R. & Sänger, R. (1975): Secretors and Non-secretors. In: Blood Groups in Man. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 311–322.
Rachkewich, R. A., Crookston, M. C., Tilley, C. A. & Wherrett, J. R. (1978): Evidence that blood group A antigen on lymphocytes is derived from the plasma. J. Immunogenet. 5, 25–29.
Rahuel, C., Lubineau, A., David, S., Salmon, C. & Cartron, J. P. (1983): Acquired B antigen: further studies using synthetic oligosaccharides. Blood Transfus. Immunohaematol. 26, 347–358.
Rajan, V. P., Ursen, R. D., Ajmera, S., Ernst, L K. & Lowe, J. B. (1989): A cloned human DNA restriction fragment determines expression of a GDP-L-fucose:β-D-galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase in transfected cells. Evidence for isolation and transfer of the human H blood group locus. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 11158–11167.
Ramasamy, R. & Rajakaruna, R. (1997): Association of malaria with inactivation of α1,3-galactosyl transferase in catarrhines. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1360, 241–246.
Rao, B. N. N., Dua, V. K. & Bush, C. A. (1985): Conformations of blood group H-active oligosaccharides of ovarian cyst mucins. Biopolymers 24, 2207–2229.
Ravindran, B., Satapathy, A. K. & Das, M. K. (1988): Naturally-occurring anti-α-galactosyl antibodies in human Plasmodium falciparum infections — a possible role for autoantibodies in malaria. Immunol. Lett. 137–141.
Reed, T. E, (1964): The frequency and nature of blood group A3. Transfusion 4, 457–460.
Reed, T. E. & Moore, B. P. L. (1964): A new variant of blood group A. Vox Sang. 9, 363–366.
Reguigne-Arnould, I., Couillin, P., Mollicone, R., Fauré, S., Fletcher, A., Kelly, R. J., Lowe, J. B. & Oriol, R. (1995): Relative positions of two clusters of human α-L-fucosyltransferases in 19q (FUT1-FUT2) and 19p (FUT6-FUT3-FUT5) within the microsatellite genetic map of chromosome 19p. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 71, 158–162.
Renkonen, K. O. (1948): Studies on hemagglutinins present in seeds of some representatives of the family of Leguminosae. Ann. Med. Exp. Biol. Fenn. 26, 66–72.
Renton, P. H. & Hancock, J. A. (1962): Uptake of A and B antigens by transfused group O erythrocytes. Vox Sang. 7, 33–38.
Reyes, F., Gourdin, M. F., Lejonc, J. L., Cartron, J. P., Breton-Gorius, J. & Dreyfus, B. (1976): The heterogeneity of erythrocyte antigen distribution in human normal phenotypes: an immuno-electron microscopy study. Brit. J. Haematol. 34, 613–621.
Riess, H., Eckstein, R., Binsack, T., Ruckdeschel, G. & Mempel, W. (1988): Acquired B antigen associated with infection by Bacillus cereus: in vivo and in vitro transformation of A, red cells. Blut 56, 237–238.
Rochant, H., Tonthat, H., Henri, A., Titeux, M. & Dreyfus, B. (1976): Abnormal distribution of erythrocytes A, antigen in preleukemia as demonstrated by an immunofluorescence technique. Blood Cells 2, 237–255.
Romano, E. L., Mollison, P. L. & Linares, J. (1978): Number of B sites generated on group O red cells from adults and newborn infants. Vox Sang. 34, 14–17.
Rosevear, P. R., Nunez, H. A. & Barker, R. (1982): Synthesis and solution conformation of the type 2 blood group oligosaccharide αlFuc(1→2)βdGal(1→4)βdGIcNAc. Biochemistry 21, 1421–1431.
Rouquier, S., Lowe, J. B., Kelly, R. J., Fertitta, A. L., Lennon, G. C. & Giorgi, D. (1995): Molecular cloning of a human genomic region containing the H blood group α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene and two H locus-related DNA restriction fragments — Isolation of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group locus. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 4632–4639.
Rubinstein, P., Allen, F. H. & Rosenreld, R. E. (1973): A dominant suppressor of A and B. Vox Sang. 25, 377–381.
Rydberg, L. & Samuelsson, B. E. (1991): Presence of glycosyltransferase inhibitors in the sera of patients with long-term surviving ABO incompatible (A2 to O) kidney grafts. Transfus. Med. 1, 177–182.
Sabo, B. H., Bush, M., German, J., Carne, L. R., Yates, A. D. & Watkins, W. M. (1978): The cis AB phenotype in three generations of one family: serological, enzymatic, and cytogenetic studies. J. Immunogenet. 5, 87–106.
Sakamoto, J., Yin, B. W. T. & Lloyd, K. O. (1984): Analysis of the expression of H, Lewis, X, Y, and precursor blood group determinants in saliva and red cells using a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Mol. Immunol. 21, 1093–1098.
Salmon, C. (1976): Les phénotypes B faibles B3, Bx, Bel: classification pratique proposée. Rev. Fr. Transfus. Immuno-Hématol. 19, 89–104.
Salmon, C., Borin, P. & André, R. (1958): Le groupe sanguin Am dans deux générations d’une même famille. Rev. Hématol. 13, 529–532.
Salmon, C. & Cartron, J. P. (1977): Interactions in AB hétérozygotes. In: CRC Handbook Series in Clinical Laboratory Science. Section D, Blood Banking. (D. Seligson, T. J. Greenwalt, and E. A. Steane, eds.). CRC Press Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, Vol. 1, pp. 131–138.
Salmon, C., Cartron, J. P., Rouger, P., Liberge, G., Juszczak, G., Mulet, C. & Lopez, M. (1980): H deficient phénotypes: a proposed practical classification Bombay Ah, Hz, Hm. Blood Transfus. Immunohaematol. 23, 233–248.
Salmon, C., Juszczak, G., Liberge, G., Lopez, M., Cartron, J. P. & Kling, C. (1978): Une famille où un phénotype ‘hm’ est transmis a travers trois générations. Rev. Fr. Transfus. Immuno-Hématol. 21, 21–27.
Salmon, C., Salmon, D. & Reviron, J. (1965): Etude immunologique et génétique de la variabilité du phénotype Ax. Nouv. Rev. Fr. Hématol. 5, 275–280.
Sandrin, M. S. H. A., Dabkowski, P. L. & Mckenzie, I. F. (1993): Anti-pig IgM antibodies in human serum react predominantly with Gal(a1-3)Gal epitopes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11391–11395.
Sarnesto, A., Köhlin, T., Hindsgaul, O., Thurin, J. & Blaszczyk-Thurin, M. (1992): Purification of the secretor-type α-galactoside α1→2-fucosyltransferase from human serum. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2737–2744.
Sarnesto, A., Köhlin, T., Thurin, J. & Blaszczyk-Thurin, M. (1990): Purification of H gene-encoded β-galactoside α1→2 fucosyltransferase from human serum. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 15067–15075.
Sawicka, T. (1973): Isolation and characterization of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from human serum of blood group A,. Bull. Acad. Sci. Sér. Sci. Biol. Cl. Il 21, 491–498.
Schachter, H., Michaels, M. A., Crookston, M. C., Tilley, C. A. & Crookston, J. (1971): A quantitative difference in the activity of blood group A-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in serum from A1, and A2 human subjects. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 45, 1011–1018.
Schachter, H., Michaels, M. A., Tilley, C. A., Crookston, M. C. & Crookston, J. H. (1973): Qualitative differences in the N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferases produced by human A1, and A2 genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 220–224.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1973): Incorporation of galactose into blood-group (ABH) precursor substance by lactose synthetase from human milk. Eur. J. Biochem. 33, 30–35.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1980): Blood group ABH antigens on human cord red cells. Number of H antigenic sites and their distribution among different classes of membrane constituents. Vox Sang. 38, 310–314.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1980): Blood-group-ABH antigens of human erythrocytes. Quantitative studies on the distribution of H antigenic sites among different classes of membrane components. Eur. J. Biochem. 104, 529–534.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1982): Studies on blood-groups A1, and A2. Further evidence for the predominant influence of quantitative differences in the number of A antigenic sites present on A1, and A2 erythrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 122, 511–514.
Schenkel-Brunner, H., Chester, M. A. & Watkins, W. M. (1972): α-L-Fucosyltransferases in human serum from donors of different ABO, secretor, and Lewis blood group phenotypes. Eur. J. Biochem. 30, 269–277.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. & Kothbauer, H. (1976): Immunochemical investigations on toad (Bufo) eggs: comparative studies on three species (B. bufo, B. viridis, B. calamita). J. Immunogenet. 3, 395–399.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. & Kothbauer, H. (1978): Immunchemische Untersuchungen an Laubfrosch-Laich: Zur Unterscheidung von Hyla arborea und Hyla meridionalis. Zool. Anz. 201, 289–292.
Schenkel-Brunner, H., Prohaska, R. & Tuppy, H. (1975): Action of glycosyl transferases upon “bombay” (Oh) erythrocytes. Conversion to cells showing blood-group H and A specificities. Eur. J. Biochem. 56, 591–594.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. & Tuppy, H. (1969): Enzymatic conversion of human O into A erythrocytes and of A into AB erythrocytes. Nature 223, 1272–1273.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. & Tuppy, H. (1970): Enzymes from human gastric mucosa conferring blood-group A and B upon erythrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 17, 218–222.
Schenkel-Brunner, H. & Tuppy, H. (1973): Enzymatic conversion of human blood-group-O erythrocytes into A2 and A, cells by α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl transferases of blood-group-A individuals. Eur. J. Biochem. 34, 125–128.
Schiff, F. & Sasaki, H. (1932): Der Ausscheidungstypus, ein auf serologischem Wege nachweisbares mendelndes Merkmal. Klin. Wochenschr. 11, 1426–1429.
Schiff, F. & Sasaki, H. (1932): Über die Vererbung des serologischen Ausscheidungstypus. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 77, 129–139.
Schiffman, G. & Howe, C. (1965): The specificity of blood group A-B cross-reacting antibody. J. Immunol. 94, 197–204.
Schmidt, G. (1954): Die Hämagglutination, im besonderen menschlicher B-Blutzellen, durch Extrakte aus Samen von Evonymus vulgaris (Pfaffenhütchen). Z. Immun.-Forsch. 111, 432–439.
Schnitzler, S., Müller, G. & Prokop, O. (1967): Ein “neuer” Antikörper, Anti-Prut aufgefunden im Rogen von Rutilus rutilus. Z. Immun.-Forsch. 134, 45–53.
Schuh, V., Vyas, G. N. & Fudenberg, H. H. (1972): Study of a French family with a new variant of blood group A: Aiea. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 24, 11–16.
Schwyzer, M. & Hill, R. L. (1977): Porcine A blood group specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. II. Enzymatic properties. J. Biol. Chem. 252, 2346–2355.
Schwyzer, M. & Hill, R. L. (1977): Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. I. Purification from porcine submaxillary glands. J. Biol. Chem. 252, 2238–2345.
Senior, D., Baker, N., Cedergren, B., Falk, P., Larson, G., Lindstedt, R. & Eden, S. C. (1988): Globo-A — a new receptor specificity for attaching Eschericha coli. FEBS Lett. 237, 123–127.
Seto, N. O. L., Compston, C. A., Evans, S. V., Bundle, D. R., Narang, S. A. & Palcic, M. M. (1999): Donor substrate specificity of recombinant human blood group A, B and hybrid A/B glycosyttransferases expressed in Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 770–775.
Seto, N. O. L., Palcic, M. M., Compston, C. A., Li, H., Bundle, D. R. & Narang, S. A. (1997): Sequential interchange offour amino acids from blood group B to blood group A glycosyltransferase boosts catalytic activity and progressively modifies substrate recognition in human recombinant enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 14133–14138.
Seyfried, H., Walewska, I. & Werblinska, B. (1964): Unusual inheritance of ABO group in a family with weak B antigens. Vox Sang. 9, 268–277.
Shaper, N. L., Lin, S. P., Joziasse, D. H., Kim, D. Y. & Yang-Feng, T. L. (1992): Assignment of two human α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene sequences (GGTA1 and GGTA1P) to chromosomes 9q33-q34 and 12q14-q15. Genomics 12, 613–615.
Shechter, Y., Etzioni, A., Levene, C. & Greenwell, P. (1995): A Bombay individual lacking H and Le antigens but expressing normal levels of α-2-and α-4-fucosyltransferases. Transfusion 35, 773–776.
Shen, L., Grollman, E. F. & Ginsburg, V. (1968): An enzymatic basis for secretor status and blood group substance specificity in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 59, 224–230.
Sikder, S. K., Kabat, E. A., Roberts, D. D. & Goldstein, I. J. (1986): Immunochemical studies on the combining site of the blood group A-specific lima bean lectin. Carbohydr. Res. 151, 247–260.
Skacel, P. O. & Watkins, W. M. (1987): Fucosyltransferase expression in human platelets and leucocytes. Glycoconj. J. 4, 267–272.
Skacel, P. O. & Watkins, W. M. (1988): Significance of altered α-2-L-fucosyltransferase levels in serum of leukemic patients. Cancer Res. 48, 3998–4001.
Slayter, H. S., Cooper, A. G. & Brown, M. C. (1974): Electron microscopy and physical parameters of human blood group i, A, B, and H antigens. Biochemistry 13, 3365–3371.
Slomiany, A., Slomiany, B. L. & Horowitz, M. I. (1974): Structural study of the blood group A active glycolipids of hog gastric mucosa. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 1225–1230.
Slomiany, A., Zdebska, E. & Slomiany, B. L. (1984): Structures of the neutral oligosaccharides isolated from A-active human gastric mucin. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14743–14749.
Slomiany, B. L. & Slomiany, A. (1977): Branched blood-group A fucolipids of hog gastric mucosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 486, 531–540.
Slomiany, B. L. & Slomiany, A. (1978): Blood-group-(A+H) complex fucolipids of hog gastric mucosa. Eur. J. Biochem. 90, 39–49.
Slomiany, B. L., Slomiany, A. & Murty, V. L N. (1979): Partial characterization of the highly complex fucolipids from gastric mucosa. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 88, 1092–1097.
Smalley, C. E. & Tucker, E. M. (1983): Blood group A antigen site distribution and immurioglobulin binding in relation to red cell age. Brit. J. Haematol. 54, 209–219.
Smith, E. L., Mckibbin, J. M., Karlsson, K. A., Pascher, I. & Samuelsson, B. E. (1975): Characterization by mass spectrometry of blood group A active glycolipids from human and dog small intestine. Biochemistry 14, 2120–2124.
Smith, E. L., Mckibbin, J. M., Karlsson, K. A., Pascher, I., Samuelsson, B. E. & Li, S. C. (1975): Characterization of dog small intestinal fucolipids with human blood group H activity. Biochemistry 14, 3370–3376.
Solomon, J. M. & Sturgeon, P. (1964): Quantitative studies of the phenotype Ael. Vox Sang. 9, 476–486.
Solomon, J. M., Waggoner, R. & Leyshon, W. C. (1965): A quantitative immunogenetic study of gene suppression involving A, and H antigens of the erythrocyte without affecting secreted blood group substances. The ABH phenotypes Am h and Am h Blood 25, 470–485.
Speiser, P. (1959): Über die bisher jüngste menschliche Frucht (27mm/22g) an der bereits die Erbmerkmale A, M, N, s, Fy(a+), C., c, D, E, e, Jk(a+?.) im Blut festgestellt werden konnten. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 71, 549–551.
Springer, G. F. (1956): Inhibition of blood-group agglutinins by substances occurring in plants. J. Immunol. 76, 399–407.
Springer, G. F. (1966): Relation of microbes to blood-group active substances. Angew. Chem. (Int. Edn.) 5, 909–920.
Springer, G. F. & Desai, P. R. (1971): Monosaccharides as specific precipitinogens of eel anti-human blood-group H(O) antibody. Biochemistry 10, 3749–3761.
Springer, G. F., Williamson, P. & Brandes, W. C (1961): Blood group activity of gram-negative bacteria. J. Exp. Med. 113, 1077–1093.
Stayboldt, C., Rearden, A. & Lane, T. A. (1987): B antigen acquired by normal A, red cells exposed to a patients serum. Transfusion 27, 41–44.
Stellner, K., Watanabe, K. & Hakomori, S. I. (1973): Isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids with blood group H specificity from membranes of human erythrocytes. Biochemistry 12, 656–661.
Strahan, K. M., Gu, F., Preece, A. F., Gustavsson, I., Andersson, L & Gustafsson, K. (1995): cDna sequence and chromosome localization of pig α1,3 galactosyltransferase. Immunogenetics 41, 101–105.
Stroncek, D. F., Konz, Ft., Clay, M. E., Houchins, J. P. & Mccullough, J. (1995): Determination of ABO glycosyltransferase genotypes by use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes. Transfusion 35, 231–240.
Sturgeon, P., Moore, B. P. L. & Weiner, W. (1964): Notations for two weak A variants: Aend and Ael. Vox Sang. 9, 214–215.
Sun, J., Thurin, J., Cooper, H. S., Wang, P., Mackiewicz, M., Steplewiski, Z. & Blaszczyk-Thurin, M. (1995): Elevated expression of H type GDP-L-fucoseβ-D-galactoside α-2-L-fucosyltransferase is associated with human colon adenocarcinoma progression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 5724–5728.
Suzuki, K., Iwata, M., Tsuji, H., Takagi, T., Tamura, A., Ishimoto, G., Ito, S., Matsui, K. & Miyazaki, T. (1997): A de novo recombination in the ABO blood group gene and evidence for the occurrence of recombination products. Hum. Genet. 99, 454–461.
Szulman, A. E. (1964): The histological distribution of the blood group substances in man as disclosed by immunofluorescence. III. The A, B, and H antigens in embryos and fetuses from 18 mm length. J. Exp. Med. 119, 503–515.
Szulman, A. E}. (1965): The ABH antigens in human tissues and secretions during embryonal development J. Histochem. Cytochem. 13, 752–754.
Szulman, A. E. (1966): Chemistry, distribution, and function of blood group substances. Annu. Rev. Med. 17, 307–322.
Takasaki, S. & Kobata, A. (1976): Chemical characterization and distribution of ABO blood-group active glycoproteins in human erythrocyte membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 251, 3610–3615.
Takasaki, S., Yamashita, K. & Kobata, A. (1978): The sugar chain structures of ABO blood group active glycoproteins obtained from human erythrocyte membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6086–6091.
Takeuchi, Y., Porter, C. D., Strahan, K. M., Preece, A. F., Gustafsson, K., Cosset, F. L., Weiss, R. A. & Collins, M. K. (1996): Sensitization of cells and retroviruses to human serum by α1,3-galactosyltransferase. Nature 379, 85–88.
Takeya, A., Hosomi, O. & Ishiura, M. (1990): Complete purification and characterization of a-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase encoded by the human blood group A gene. J. Biochem. 107, 360–368.
Takizawa, H. & Iseki, S. (1974): Biosynthesis of A and B biood-group substances of human erythrocytes and saliva. Jp. J. Hum. Genet. 19, 147–156.
Takizawa, H. & Iseki, S. (1982): Cross-reacting antibodies to human blood group A and B glycosyltransferases. Proc. Jp. Acad. 58, 65–68.
Takizawa, H. & Iseki, S. (1983): Immunological specificity of blood group A glycosyltransferase demonstrated on the oligosaccharide-acceptor. Proc. Jp. Acad. 59B, 247–250.
Takizawa, H., Kishi, K. & Iseki, S. (1978): Biochemical and serological studies on alpha-galactosyltransferases in the sera and salivas from blood group Bm and A1Bm individuals. Proc. Jp. Acad. Sci. 54, 402–407.
Takizawa, H., Kishi, K. & Iseki, S. (1979): On the B gene-associated α-galactosyltransferase in human urine. Proc. Jp. Acad. 55, 362–367.
Tanegashima, A., Nishi, K., Fukunaga, T., Rand, S. & Brinkmann, B. (1996): Ethnic differences in the expression of blood group antigens in the salivary gland secretory cells from German and Japanese non-secretor individuals. Glycoconj. J. 13, 537–545.
Thomsen, O., Friedenreich, V. & Worsaae, E. (1930): Über die Möglichkeit der Existenz zweier neuer Blutgruppen; auch ein Beitrag zur Beleuchtung sogenannter Untergruppen. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 7, 157–190.
Thurin, J. & Blaszczyk-Thurin, M. (1995): Porcine submaxillary gland GDP-L-fucose:β-D-galactoside α-2-L-fucosyltransferase is likely a counterpart of the human Secretor gene-encoded blood group transferase. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26577–26580.
Tilley, C. A., Crookston, M. C., Brown, B. L. & Wherrett, J. R. (1975): A and B and A1,Leb substances in glycosphingolipid fractions of human serum. Vox Sang. 28, 25–33.
Todd, G. M. (1971): Blood group antibodies in Salmonidae roe. Vox Sang. 21, 451–454.
Topping, M. D. & Watkins, W. M. (1975): Isoelectric points of the human blood group A1, A2, and B gene-associated glycosyltransferases in ovarian cyst fluids and serum. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 64, 89–96.
Trinchera, M. & Bozzaro, S. (1996): Dictyostelium cytosolic fucosyltransferase synthesizes H type 1 trisaccharide in vitro. FEBS Lett. 395, 68–72.
Tuppy, H. & Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1969): Formation of blood-group A substance from H substance by an α-N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase. Eur. J. Biochem. 10, 152–157.
Tuppy, H. & Schenkel-Brunner, H. (1969): Occurrence and assay of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase in the gastric mucosa of humans belonging to blood-group A. Vox Sang. 17, 139–142.
Tuppy, H. & Staudenbauer, W. L. (1966): Microsomal incorporation of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine into blood group substance. Nature 210, 316–317.
Ugozzoli, L. & Wallace, R. B. (1992): Application of an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to the direct determination of ABO blood group genotypes. Genomics 12, 670–674.
Van Arsdel, P. P. (1958): The usefulness of the plant-lectin, Ulex europaeus, in a large-scale blood group study. Vox Sang. 3, 448–455.
Van Halbeek, H., Dorland, L., Vliegenthart, J. F. G., Kochetkov, N. K., Arbatsky, N. P. & Derevitskaya, V. A. (1982): Characterization of the primary structure and the microheterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains of porcine blood-group H substance by 500 mHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Eur. J. Biochem. 127, 21–29.
Vetter, O. (1969): Beobachtungen an einem’ a-like’ Blutgruppenprinzip in Clupeaharengus L. Acta Biol. Med. Germ. 22, 427–429.
Viitala, J., Finne, J. & Krusius, T. (1982): Blood group A and H determinants in polyglycosyl peptides of A1, and A2 erythrocytes. Eur. J. Biochem. 126, 401–406.
Viitala, J., Karhi, K. K., Gahmberg, C. G., Finne, J., Järnefeldt, J., Myllyla, G. & Krusius, T. (1981): Blood-group A and B determinants are located in different polyglycosyl peptides isolated from human erythrocytes of blood group AB. Eur. J. Biochem. 113, 259–265.
Voak, D., Lodge, T. W., Hopkins, J. & Bowley, C. C. (1968): A study of the antibodies of the H’o’l-B complex with special reference to their occurrence in notation. Vox Sang. 15, 353–366.
Voak, D., Lodge, T. W., Stapleton, R. R., Fogg, H. & Roberts, H. E. (1970): The incidence of H deficient A2, and A2B bloods and family studies on the AH/ABH status of an Aint and some new variant blood types (Aint H A1,A2HwA1,A2BHwA1B,A2BHwA28). Vox Sang. 19, 73–84.
Voak, D., Sacks, S., Alderson, T., Takey, F., Lennox, E., Jarvis, J., Milstein, C. & Darnborough, J. (1980): Monoclonal anti-A from a hybrid-myeloma: evaluation as a blood grouping reagent. Vox Sang. 39, 134–140.
Voak, D., Sonneborn, H. & Yates, A. (1992): The A, (B)-phenomenon:a monoclonal anti-B (BS-85) demonstrates low levels of B-determinants on A, red cells. Transfus. Med. 2, 119–127.
Vos, G. H. (1964): Five examples of red cells with the A,, subgroup of blood group A. Vox Sang. 9, 160–167.
Wagner, F. F. & Flegel, W. A. (1997): Polymorphism of the h allele and the population frequency of sporadic nonfunctional alleles. Transfusion 37, 284–290.
Wang, B. J., Koda, Y., Soejima, M. & Kimura, H. (1997): Two missense mutations of H type α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT1) responsible for para-bombay phenotype. Vox Sang. 72, 31–35.
Watanabe, G., Umetsu, K., Yuasa, I. & Suzuki, T. (1997): Amplified product length polymorphism (APLP): a novel strategy for genotyping the ABO blood group. Hum. Genet. 99, 34–37.
Watanabe, K. & Hakomori, S. I. (1976): Status of blood group carbohydrate chains in ontogenesis and in oncogenesis. J. Exp. Med. 144, 644–653.
Watanabe, K., Laine, R. A. & Hakomori, S. I. (1975): On neutral fucoglycolipids having long, branched carbohydrate chains: H-active and l-active glycosphingolipids of human erythrocyte membranes. Biochemistry 14, 2725–2733.
Watanabe, K., Powell, M. & Hakomori, S. I. (1978): Isolation and characterization of a novel fucoganglioside of human erythrocyte membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8962–8967.
Watkins, W. M. (1966): Blood group substances. Science 152, 172–181.
Watkins, W. M. (1972): Blood group specific substances. In: Glycoproteins: Their Composition, Structure and Function (A. Gottschalk, ed.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 830–891.
Watkins, W. M. (1978): Blood group gene specified glycosyltransferases in rare ABO groups and in leukemia. Rev. Fr. Transfus. 21, 201–228.
Watkins, W. M. (1980): Biochemistry and genetics of the ABO, Lewis and P blood group systems. In: Advances in Human Genetics. Vol. 10, pp. 1–136.
Watkins, W. m. & Morgan, W. T. J. (1957): The A and H character of the blood group substances secreted by persons belonging to group A2. Acta Genet. Statist. Med. 6, 521–526.
Watkins, W. M. & Morgan, W. T. J. (1959): Possible genetical pathways for the biosynthesis of blood group mucopolysaccharides. Vox Sang. 4, 97–119.
Weiner, W., Lewis, H. B. M., Moores, P., Sänger, R. & Race, R. R. (1957): A gene, y, modifying the ABO group antigen A. Vox Sang. 2, 25–37.
West, C. M., Scott-Ward, T., Teng-Umnuay, P., Van Der Wel, H., Kozarov, E. & Huynh, A. (1996): Purification and characterization of an α 1,2-L-fucosyltransferase, which modifies the cytosolic protein FP21, from the cytosol of Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12024–12035.
Wherrett, J. R. & Hakomori, S. I. (1973): Characterization of a blood group B glycolipid, accumulating in the pancreas of a patient with Fabry’s disease. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3046–3051.
White, T., Mandel, U., Ørntoft, T. F., Dabelsteen, E., Karkov, J., Kubeja, M., Hakomori, S. & Clausen, H. (1990): Murine monoclonal antibodies directed to the human histo-blood group A transferase (UDP-GalNAc:Fucα1→2Gal a1→s-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase) and the presence therein on N-linked histo-blood group A determinant. Biochemistry 29, 2740–2747.
Whitehead, J. S., Bella, A. & Kim, Y. S. (1974): An N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from human blood group A plasma. I. Purification and agarose binding properties. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 3442–3447.
Whitehead, J. S., Bella, A. & Kim, Y. S. (1974): An N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from human blood group A plasma. II. Kinetic and physicochemical properties. J. Biol. Chem. 249, 3448–3452.
Whittemore, N. B., Trabold, N. C., Reed, C. F. & Weed, R. I. (1969): Solubilized glycoprotein from human erythrocyte membranes possessing blood group A, B, and H activity. Vox Sang. 17, 289–299.
Wiener, A. S. & Cioffi, A. F. (1972): A group B analogue of subgroup A3. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 58, 693–697.
Wiener, A. S. & Gordon, E. B. (1956): A hitherto undescribed human blood group. Brit. J. Haematol. 2, 305–309.
Wilczynska, Z., Miller-Podraza, H. & Koscielak, J. (1980): The contribution of different glycoconjugates to the total ABH blood-group activity of human erythrocytes. FEBS Lett. 112, 277–279.
Wiley, E. L., Murphy, P., Mendelsohn, G. & Eggleston, J. C. (1981): Distribution of blood group substances in normal human colon. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 76, 806–809.
Wood, C., Kabat, E. A., Murphy, L. A. & Goldstein, I. J. (1979): Immunochemical studies of the combining sites of the two isolectins, A4 and B4, isolated from Bandeiraea simplicifolia. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 198, 1–11.
Wrann, M., Schenkel-Brunner, H. & Kothbauer, H. (1978): Blood-group A and H specific structures in toad (Bufo) spawn. Comparative studies on three species (Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Bufo calamita). Z. Immun.-Forsch. 154, 471–474
Wrobel, D. M., Me, D. I., Race, C. & Watkins, W. M. (1974): “true” genotype of chimeric twins revealed by blood-group gene products in plasma. Vox Sang. 27, 395–402.
Yamamoto, F. (1995): Molecular genetics of the ABO histo-blood group system. Vox Sang. 69, 1–7.
Yamamoto, F. & Hakomori, S. I. (1990): Sugar-nucleotide donor specificity of histo-blood-group-A and group-B transferases is based on amino acid substitutions. J. Biol. Chem. 265,19257–19262.
Yamamoto, F. & Mcneill, P. D. (1996): Amino acid residue at codon 268 determines both activity and nucleotide-sugar donor substrate specificity of human histo-blood group A and B transferases.ln vitro mutagenesis study. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10515–10520.
Yamamoto, F., Mcneill, P. D. & Hakomori, S. (1991): Identification in human genomic DNA of the sequence homologous but not identical to either the histo-blood group ABH genes or α1→3 galactosyltransferase pseudogene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 986–994.
Yamamoto, F., Mcneill, P. D. & Hakomori, S. (1995): Genomic organization of human histo-blood group ABO genes. Glycobiology 5, 51–58.
Yamamoto, F., Mcneill, P. D., Yamamoto, M., Hakomori, S., Bromilow, I. M. & Duguid, J. K. M. (1993): Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system.4. Another type of O allele. Vox Sang. 64, 175–178.
Yamamoto, F., Mcneill, P. D., Yamamoto, M., Hakomori, S. & Harris, T. (1993): Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system. 3. Ax and B(A) Alleles. Vox Sang. 64, 171–174.
Yamamoto, F. I., Clausen, H., White, T., Marken, J. & Hakomori, S. I. (1990): Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system. Nature 345, 229–233.
Yamamoto, F. I., Marken, J., Tsuji, T., White, T., Clausen, H. & Hakomori, S. I. (1990): Cloning and characterization of DNA complementary to human UDP-GalNAc: Fucαl →2Gal α1 →3GalNAc transferase (histo-blood group A transferase) mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1146–1151.
Yamamoto, F. I., Mcneill, P. D. & Hakomori, S. I. (1992): Human histo-blood group A2 transferase coded by A2 allele, one of the A subtypes, is characterized by a single base deletion in the coding sequence, which results in an additional domain at the carboxyl terminal. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 187, 366–374.
Yamamoto, F. I., Mcneill, P. D., Kominato, Y., Yamamoto, M., Hakomori, S. I., Ishimoto, S., Nishida, S., Shima, M. & Fujimura, Y. (1993): Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system. 2. cis-AB alleles. Vox Sang. 64, 120–123.
Yamamoto, F. I., Mcneill, P. D., Yamamoto, M., Hakomori, S. I., Harris, T., Judd, W. J. & Davenport, R. D. (1993): Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system. 1. Weak subgroups: A3 and B3 alleles. Vox Sang. 64, 116–119.
Yamamoto, S. (1977): The occurrence of materials cross-reacting with anti-A and anti-B agglutinins in fruit or seed extracts of higher plants. J. Immunogenet. 4, 325–330.
Yamamoto, S. & Sakai, I. (1981): Composition and immunochemical properties of glycoproteins with anti-B agglutinin activity isolated from Euonymus sieboldiana seeds. J. Immunogenet. 8, 271–279.
Yamamoto, S., Sakai, I. & Iseki, S. (1981): Purification, composition, and immunochemical properties of arabinogalactan-protein H active glycopeptides from Euonymus sieboldiana seeds. Immunol. Commun. 10, 215–236.
Yamashita, K., Tachibana, Y., Takasaki, S. & Kobata, A. (1976): ABO blood group determinants with branched cores. Nature 262, 702–703.
Yates, A. D., Feeney, J., Donald, A. S. R. & Watkins, W. M. (1984): Characterisation of a blood-group A-active tetrasaccharide synthesised by a blood-group B gene-specified glycosyltransferase. Carbohydr. Res. 130, 251–260.
Yates, A. D. & Watkins, W. M. (1982): The biosynthesis of blood group B determinants by the blood group A gene-specified α-3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 109, 958–965.
Yazawa, S. & Furukawa, K. (1980): α-L-Fucosyltransferases related to biosynthesis of blood group substances in human saliva. J. Immunogenet. 7, 137–148.
Yazawa, S. & Furukawa, K. (1983): Immunochemical properties of human plasma α1 → 2fucosyltransferase specified by blood group H-gene. J. Immunogenet. 10, 349–360.
Yokoyama, M. & Plocinik, B. (1965): Serologie and immunochemical characterization of Ax blood. Vox Sang. 10, 149–160.
Yoshida, A. (1980): Identification of genotypes of blood group A and B. Blood 55, 119–123.
Yoshida, A. (1981): Genetic mechanism of blood group (ABO) expression. Ada Biol. Med. Germ. 40, 927–941.
Yoshida, A. (1983): The existence of atypical blood group galactosyltransferase which causes an expression of A2 character in A1B red blood cells. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 35, 1117–1125.
Yoshida, A., Dave, V., Branch, D. R., Yamaguchi, H. & Okubo, Y. (1982): An enzyme basis for blood type A intermediate status. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 34, 919–924.
Yoshida, A., Dave, V. & Hamilton, H. B. (1988): Imbalance of blood group A subtypes and the existence of superactive B* gene in Japanese in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 43, 422–428.
Yoshida, A., Dave, V. & Prchal, J. (1985): Uncertainty in identification of blood group A subtypes by agglutination test. Hum. Hered. 35, 1–6.
Yoshida, A., Yamaguchi, H. & Okubo, N. (1980): Genetic mechanism of cis-AB inheritance. I. A case associated with unequal chromosomal crossing over. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 32, 332–338.
Yoshida, A., Yamaguchi, H. & Okubo, Y. (1980): Genetic mechanism of cis-AB inheritance. II. Cases associated with structural mutation of blood group glycosyltransferase. Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 32, 645–650.
Yoshida, A., Yamaguchi, Y. F. & Dave, V. (1979): Immunologic homology of human blood group glycosyltransferases and genetic background of blood group (ABO) determination. Blood 54, 344–350.
Yu, L. C., Broadberry, R. E., Yang, Y. H., Chen, Y. H. & Lin, M. (1996): Heterogeneity of the human Secretor α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene among Lewis(a+b-) non-secretors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222, 390–394.
Yu, L. C., Lee, H. L., Chu, C. C., Broadberry, R. E. & Lin, M. (1999): A newly identified nonsecretor allele of the human histo-blood group α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Vox Sang. 76, 115–119.
Yu, L. C., Yang, Y. H., Broadberry, R. E., Chen, Y. H., Chan, Y. S. & Lin, M. (1995): Correlation of a missense mutation in the human Secretor α1,2-fucosyltransferase gene with the Lewis(a+b+) phenotype: a potential molecular basis for the weak Secretor allele (Sew). Biochem. J. 312, 329–332.
Yu, L. C., Yang, Y. H., Broadberry, R. E., Chen, Y. H. & Lin, M. (1997): Heterogeneity of the human H blood group α(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene among para-Bombay individuals. Vox Sang. 72, 36–40.
Zhu, A., Leng, L., Monahan, C., Zhang, Z. F., Hurst, R., Lenny, L. & Goldstein, J. (1996): Characterization of recombinant α-galactosidase for use in seroconversion from blood group B to O of human erythrocytes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 327, 324–329.
Ziderman, D., Gompertz, S., Smith, Z. G. & Watkins, W. M. (1967): Glycosyl transferases in mammalian gastric mucosal linings. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 29, 56–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schenkel-Brunner, H. (2000). ABO(H) System. In: Human Blood Groups. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6294-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6294-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7244-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6294-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive