Skip to main content

Biaryls in Nature: A Multi-Facetted Class of Stereochemically, Biosynthetically, and Pharmacologically Intriguing Secondary Metabolites

  • Chapter
Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

Abstract

The biaryl axis is the joint central structural element of a broad variety of structurally (in particular stereochemically) and biosynthetically interesting as well as pharmacologically promising natural products. The increasing importance of this challenging class of secondary metabolites, its widespread occurrence, its pharmacological implications, and, in particular, the phenomenon of axial chirality, have so far been largely underestimated, if not neglected. This is reflected by the fact that there is as yet no true comprehensive review on naturally occurring biaryls in the literature. By this article, we do not intend to provide such a fully comprehensive review, but still want to draw the attention of the scientific community on the manifold rewarding facets of this exciting class of natural products, which is rapidly growing now, with more and more sophisticated analytical and synthetic tools becoming available.

Dedicated to Prof. Burchard Franck, on the occasion of his 75th brithday

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Miura K, Inagaki T, Nakatani N (1989) Structure and Activity of New Deodorant Biphenyl Compounds from Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Chem Pharm Bull 37: 1816

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Marchlewski L (1899) Gossypol, ein Bestandteil der Baumwollsamen. J Prakt Chem 60: 84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bu’Lock JD, Smith JR (1968) Modified Anthraquinones from Penicillium islandicum. J Chem Soc (C) 1941

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yosioka I, Morimoto K, Murata K, Yamauchi H, Kitagawa I (1971) Skyrin from Two Lichen Species. Chem Pharm Bull 19: 2420

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Devlin JP, Mahandru MM, Ollis WD, Smith C (1986) Phytochemical Examination of the Lichen, Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1: 1491

    Google Scholar 

  6. Santesson J (1970) Chemical Studies on Lichens. 30: Anthraquinoid Pigments of Trypeteliopsis boninensis and Ocellularia domingensis. Acta Chem Scand 24: 3331

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Billen G, Karl U, Scholl T, Stroech KD, Steglich W (1988) Stereochemical Studies on Pre-Anthraquinones and Dimeric Anthraquinone Pigments. In: Atta-ur-Rahman, LeQuesue PW (eds) Natural Products Chemistry III, Springer, p 305

    Google Scholar 

  8. Furakawa H, Wu T-S, Ohta T (1983) Bismurrayafoline-A and -B, Two Novel “Dimeric” Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia. Chem Pharm Bull 31: 4202

    Google Scholar 

  9. Nozawa K, Seyea H, Nakajima S, Udagawa S-i, Kawai K-i (1987) Studies on Fungal Products. Part 10: Isolation and Structures of novel Bicoumarins, Desertorins A, B, and C, from Emericella desertorum. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1735

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kawai K-i, Shiro M, Nozawa K (1995) Absolute Stereochemistry of Desertorins, Biscoumarins from Emericella desertorum. J Chem Research (S) 92

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dagne E, Steglich W (1984) Knipholone: A unique Anthraquinone Derivative from Kniphofia foliosa. Phytochemistry 23: 1729

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Höfle G (1977) 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie chinoider Verbindungen. II: Substituierte 1,4-Naphthochinone und Anthrachinone. Tetrahedron 33: 1962

    Google Scholar 

  13. Berhanu E, Fetene M, Dagne E (1986) Anthraquinones as Taxonomic Markers in Ethiopian Kniphofia Species. Phytochemistry 25: 847

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Berhanu E, Dagne E (1984) Aloe-Emodin Acetate, an Anthraquinone Derivative from Leaves of Kniphofia foliosa. Planta Med 50: 523

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. van Staden LF, Drewes SE (1994) Knipholone from Bulbine latifolia and Bulbine frutescens. Phytochemistry 35: 685

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bringmann G, Rübenacker M, Geuder T, Aké Assi L (1991) Dioncophylline B, A Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid with a New Coupling Type from Triphyophyllum peltatum. Phytochemistry 30: 3845

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jossang A, Fodor P, Bodo B (1998) A New Structural Class of Bisindole Alkaloids from the Seeds of Catharanthus roseus: Vingramine and Methylvingramine. J Org Chem 63: 7162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Perkins HR (1982) Vancomycin and Related Antibiotics. Pharmac Ther 16: 181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Whiting DA (1991) In: Trost BM, Fleming I, Pattenden G (eds) Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 3. Pergamon, p 659

    Google Scholar 

  20. Armstrong DR, Cameron C, Nonhebel DC, Perkins PG (1983) Oxidative Coupling of Phenols. Part 6. A Study of the Role of Spin Density Factors on the Product Composition in the Oxidations of 3,5-Dimethylphenol and Phenol. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 563

    Google Scholar 

  21. Armstrong DR, Cameron C, Nonhebel DC, Perkins PG (1983) Oxidative Coupling of Phenols. Part 7. Spin-Density Calculations on the Phenoxyl Radical. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 569

    Google Scholar 

  22. Armstrong DR, Cameron C, Nonhebel DC, Perkins PG (1983) Oxidative Coupling of Phenols. Part 8. A Theoretical Study of the Coupling of Phenol Radicals. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 575

    Google Scholar 

  23. Armstrong DR, Cameron C, Nonhebel DC, Perkins PG (1983) Oxidative Coupling of Phenols. Part 9. The Role of Steric Effects in the Oxidation of Methyl-Substituted Phenols. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 581

    Google Scholar 

  24. Armstrong DR, Cameron C, Nonhebel DC, Perkins PG (1983) Oxidative Coupling of Phenols. Part 10. The Role of Steric Effects in the Formation of CO Coupled Products. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 587

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bringmann G, Zagst R, Schäflfer M, Hailock YF, Cardellina II JH, Boyd MR (1993) The Absolute Configuration of Michellamine B, a “Dimeric”, Anti-HIV-Active Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid. Angew Chem 105: 1242;

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bringmann G, Zagst R, Schäflfer M, Hailock YF, Cardellina II JH, Boyd MR (1993) The Absolute Configuration of Michellamine B, a “Dimeric”, Anti-HIV-Active Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 32: 1190

    Google Scholar 

  27. McMahon JB, Buckheit RW, Jr., Bringmann G, Schäflfer M, Cragg GM, Thomas DW, Jato JG (1994) Anti-HIV Michellamines from Ancistrocladus korupensis. J Med Chem 37: 1740

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bringmann G (1995) Michellamine — Neue antivirale Alkaloide aus afrikanischen Pflanzen. In: Rietbrock N, Loew D (eds) Phytopharmaka in Forschung und klinischer Anwendung, Verlag Darmstadt, p 113

    Google Scholar 

  29. Bringmann G, Wohlfarth M, Rischer H, Heubes M, Saeb W, Diem S, Herderich M, Schlauer J (2001) A Photometric Screening Method for Dimeric Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids and Complete On-Line Structural Elucidation of a Dimer in Crude Plant Extracts, by the LC-MS/LC-NMR/LC-CD Triad. Anal Chem 73: 2571.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Thomson RH (1987) Naturally Occurring Quinones. vol. 3. Chapman & Hall, p 125

    Google Scholar 

  31. De Riccardis F, Iorizzi M, Minale L, Riccio R, de Forges BR, Debitus C (1991) The Gymnochromes: Novel Marine Brominated Phenanthroperylenequinone Pigments from the Stalked Crinoid Gymnocrinus richeri. J Org Chem 56: 6781

    Google Scholar 

  32. Inouye H, Nakamura Y (1968) Zwei stark bittere Glucoside aus Swertia japonica Makino: Amarogentin und Amaroswerin. Tetrahedron Lett 4919

    Google Scholar 

  33. Inouye H, Nakamura Y (1971) Über die Monoterpenglucoside und verwandte Naturstoffe XIV: Die Struktur der beiden stark bitter schmeckenden Glucoside Amarogentin und Amaroswerin aus Swertia japonica. Tetrahedron 27: 1951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hölscher D, Schneider B (1995) The Biosynthetic Origin of the Central One-Carbon Unit of Phenylphenalenones in Anigozanthos preissii. Nat Prod Lett 7: 177

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hölscher D, Schneider B (1995) A Diarylheptanoid Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Phenylphenalenones in Anigozanthos preissii. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 525

    Google Scholar 

  36. Schmitt B, Schneider B (1999) Dihydrocinnamic Acids are Involved in the Biosynthesis of Phenylphenalenones in Anigozanthos preissii. Phytochemistry 52: 45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chandra P, Read G, Vining LC (1966) Studies on the Biosynthesis of Volucrispo-rin. II: Metabolism of Some Phenylpropanoid Compounds by Volucrispora aurantiaca Haskins. Can J Biochem 44: 403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Marchelli R, Vining LC (1975) Terphenyllin, a Novel p-Terphenyl Metabolite From Aspergillus candidus. J Antibiot 28: 328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Shamma M, Slusarchyk WA (1964) The Aporphine Alkaloids. Chem Rev 64: 59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Shamma M (1970) The Aporphine Alkaloids. In: Pelletier SW (ed) Chemistry of The Alkaloids, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p 42

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cordell GA (1981) Aporphine Alkaloids. In: Introduction to Alkaloids. Wiley, p 388

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kametani T, Honda T (1985) Aporphine Alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 24. Academic Press, p 153

    Google Scholar 

  43. Bringmann G, Rübenacker M, Vogt P, Busse H, Aké Assi L, Peters K, von Schnering HG (1991) Dioncopeltine A and Dioncolactone A: Alkaloids from Triphyophyllum peltatum. Phytochemistry 30: 1691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bringmann G, Walter R, Weirich R (1990) The Directed Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds: Modem Concepts and Stategies. Angew Chem 102: 1006; Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 29: 977

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bringmann G, Hartung T (1993) Atropo-Enantioselective Biaryl Synthesis by Stereocontrolled Cleavage of Configuratively Labile Lactone-Bridged Precursors using Chiral H-Nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 49: 7891

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Bringmann G, Schupp O (1994) Stereocontrolled ‘Twisting’ of Biaryl Systems-a New Pathway to Axial Chirality. S Afr J Chem 47: 83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bringmann G, Vitt D (1995) Stereoselective Ring-Opening Reaction of Axially Prostereogenic Biaryl Lactones with Chiral Oxazaborolidines: An AMI Study of the Complete Mechanistic Course. J Org Chem 60: 7674

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bringmann G, Walter R, Weirich R (1995) Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds, Part B.2: Biaryls. In: Helmchen G, Hoffmann RW, Mulzer J, Schaumann E (eds) Methods of Organic Chemistry (Houben Weyl) 4th ed., vol. E 21a. Thieme, p 567

    Google Scholar 

  49. Bringmann G, Breuning M, Tasler S (1999) The Lactone Concept: An Efficient Pathway to Axially Chiral Natural Products and Useful Reagents. Synthesis 525

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bringmann G, Menche D (2001) Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Axially Chiral Natural Products via Biaryl lactones. Acc Chem Res (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Bringmann G, Tasler S (1999) The Atropisomer-Selective Synthesis of Biologically Active and Synthetically Useful Chiral Biaryls. In: Scolastico C, Nicotra F (eds) Current Trends in Organic Synthesis, Plenum, p 105

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rahman W, Ilyas M, Okigawa M, Kawano N (1982) Atropisomerism of Biflavones. Confirmation ot the Enantiomeric Purity of WB1 by Using a Chiral Nuclea Magnetic Resonance Shift Reagent. Chem Pharm Bull 30: 1491

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Parveen M, Khan NU, Achari B, Dutta PK Abstracts of Papers, p 22

    Google Scholar 

  54. Harada N, Ono H, Uda H, Parveen M, Ud-Din Khan N, Achari B, Dutta PK (1992) Atropisomerism in natural products. Absolute stereochemistry of biflavone, (-)-4′,4‴,7,7″-tetra-O-methylcupressuflavone, as determined by the theoretical calculation of CD spectra. J Am Chem Soc 114: 7687

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Zhang F-J, Lin G-Q, Huang Q-C (1995) Synthesis, Resolution, and Absolute Configuration of Optically Pure 5,5″-Dihydroxy-4′,4‴,7,7″-tetramethoxy-8,8″-biflavone and Its Derivatives. J Org Chem 60: 6427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kenner J, Stubbings WV (1921) A Second Form of 6:6’-Dinitrophenic Acid, and its Conversion into New Cyclic Systems. J Chem Soc 119: 593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kaufler F (1907) Zur räumlichen Auffassung der mehrkernigen Verbindungen. Liebigs Ann 351: 151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kaufler F (1907) Zur räumlichen Auffassung der merkernigen Verbindungen. Chem Ber 40: 3250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kaufler F, Borel H (1907) Über Ringschlüsse bei Derivaten des Diphenyls, Diphenylmethans und Diphenyläthans. Chem Ber 40: 3253

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Christie GH, Kenner J (1922) The Molecular Configurations of Polynulear Aromatic Compounds. Part I. The Resolution of γ-6:6′-Dinitro- and 4:6:4′: 6′-Tetranitrodiphenic Acids into Optically Active Compounds. J Chem Soc 121: 614

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wang N-G, Zhou L-F, Guan M-H, Lei H-P (1987) Effect of (-)- and (+)-Gossypol on Fertility in Male Rats. J Ethnopharmacol 20: 21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Yu Y-W (1987) Probing into the mechanism of Action, Metabolism and Toxicity of Gossypol by Studying its (+)- and (-)-Stereoisomers. J Ethnopharmacol 20: 65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Agents NC Go MA (1978) Gossypol- a new Antifertility Agent for Males. Chin Med J 4: 417

    Google Scholar 

  64. Wang Y-E, Luo Y-D, Tang X-C (1979) Studies on the Antifertility Effects of Cotton Seed Meal and Gossypol. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 14: 662

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Matlin SA, Zhou R, Bialy G, Blye RP, Naqvi RH, Lindberg MC, Matlin SA (1985) (-)-Gossypol: an Active Male Antifertility Agent. Contraception 31: 141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Lindberg MC, Naqvi RH, Matlin SA, Zhou RH, Bialy G, Blye RP (1987) Comparative Anti-fertility effects of Gossypol Enantiomers in Male Hamsters. Int J Androl 10: 619

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Li H-Y, Nehira T, Hagiwara M, Harada N (1997) Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of the Natural Atropisomer of the Biflavone 4′,4‴,7,7″-Tetra-O-methylcupressuflavone. J Org Chem 62: 7222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Helmchen G (1995) Stereoselective Synthesis. In: Helmchen G, Hoffmann RW, Mulzer J, Schaumann E (eds) Methods of Organic Chemistry (Houben-Weyl), vol. E21a. Thieme, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  69. Prelog V, Helmchen G (1982) Bases of the CIP System and Proposal for a Revision. Angew Chem 94: 614;

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Prelog V, Helmchen G (1982) Bases of the CIP System and Proposal for a RevisionAngew Chem Int Ed Engl 21: 567

    Google Scholar 

  71. Beecken H, Gottschalk E-M, von Gizycki U, Krämer H, Maassen D, Matthies H-G, Musso H, Rathjen C, Záhorszky UI (1961) Orcein und Lackmus. Angew Chem 73: 665

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Musso H, Steckelberg W (1968) Synthese, Konfiguration und ORD-CD-Spektren optisch aktiver Orceinfarbstoffe. Chem Ber 101: 1510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Bringmann G, Walter R, Ewers CLJ (1991) Diastereoselective Ring Opening of Achiral Bridged Biaryls Using Chiral O — and N-Nucleophiles: First Atropo-Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-4,4′-Bis(orcinol). Synlett 581

    Google Scholar 

  74. Neuhaus D, Williamson MP (1989) The Nuclear Overhauser Effect in Structural and Conformational Analysis. VCH

    Google Scholar 

  75. Duddeck H (1995) Stereoselective Synthesis. In: Helmchen G, Hoffmann RW, Mulzer J, Schaumann E (eds) Methods of Organic Chemistry (Houben-Weyl), vol. E21a. Thieme, p 313

    Google Scholar 

  76. Bringmann G, Koppler D, Scheutzow D, Porzel A (1997) Determination of Configuration at the Biaryl Axes of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids by Long-Range NOE Effects. Magn Reson Chem 35: 297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Braun S, Kalinowski H-O, Berger S (1998) 150 and More Basic NMR Experiments — A Practical Course. Wiley-VCH, p 111, 405–412

    Google Scholar 

  78. Bringmann G, Geuder T, Rübenacker M, Zagst R (1991) A Facile Degradation Procedure for Determination of Absolute Configuration in 1,3-Dimethyltetra- and Dihydroisoquinolines. Phytochemistry 30: 2067

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Bringmann G, Jansen JR, Reuscher H, Rübenacker M, Peters K, von Schnering HG (1990) First Total Synthesis of (-)-Dioncophylline A (“Triphyophylline”) and of Selected Stereoisomers: Complete (Revised) Stereostructure. Tetrahedron Lett 643

    Google Scholar 

  80. Hammond C (1997) The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction. Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  81. Pickworth Glusker J, Trueblood KN (1985) Crystal Structure Analysis — A Primer, vol. 10. Oxford University Press, p 136

    Google Scholar 

  82. Eliel EL, Wilen SH (1998) Organische Stereochemie. Hopf H, Mulzer J (eds) Wiley-VCH, p 90, 110–113

    Google Scholar 

  83. Bijvoet JM, Peerdeman AF, van Bommel AJ (1951) Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Optically Active Compounds by Means of X-Rays. Nature 168: 271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Robin J-P, Gringore O, Brown E (1980) Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the antileukaemic Lignan Precursor (-)-Steganone and Revision of its absolute Configuration. Tetrahedron Lett 21: 2709

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kupchan SM, Britton RW, Ziegler MF, Gilmore CJ, Restivo RJ, Bryan RF (1973) Steganacin and Steganangin, Novel Antileukemic Lignan Lactones from Stegano-taenia araliacea. J Am Chem Soc 95: 1335

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Bringmann G, Hartung T, Kröcher O, Gulden K-P, Lange J, Burzlaff H (1994) Synthesis and Absolute Stereostructure of Dinaphth[2,l-c:l′,2′-e]oxepin-3-(5H)-one. Tetrahedron 50: 2831

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Lange J, Burzlaff H, Bringmann G, Schupp O (1995) Determination of the Absolute Stereostructure of a Helical Biaryl Lactone by Multiple Scattering X-ray Experiments. Tetrahedron 51: 9361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Bringmann G, Saeb W, Peters K, Peters E-M (1997) The Absolute Stereostructure of Dioncophylline A by Anomalous X-ray Dispersion of a 5-Bromo Derivative. Phytochemistry 45: 1283

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Schreier P, Bernreuther A, Huffer M (1995) Analysis of Chiral Organic Molecules, de Gruyter, p 17

    Google Scholar 

  90. Crabbé P (1964) Étude Comparative de la Dispersion Rotatoire Optique et du Dichroisme Circulaire en Chimie Organique. Tetrahedron 20: 1211

    Google Scholar 

  91. Snatzke G (1968) Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotatory Dispersion. Principles and Application to the Investigation of the Stereochemistry of Natural Products. Angew Chem 80: 15;

    Google Scholar 

  92. Snatzke G (1968) Circular Dichroism and Optical Rotatory Dispersion. Principles and Application to the Investigation of the Stereochemistry of Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 7: 14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Snatzke G (1979) Circular Dichroism. 72. Circular Dichroism and Absolute Conformation: Application of the Qualitative MO Theory to Chiroptical Phenomena. Angew Chem 91: 380;

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Snatzke G (1979) Circular Dichroism. 72. Circular Dichroism and Absolute Conformation: Application of the Qualitative MO Theory to Chiroptical Phenomena. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 18: 363

    Google Scholar 

  95. Nakanishi K, Berova N, Woody RW (1994) Circular Dichroism — Principles and Applications. VCH

    Google Scholar 

  96. Snatzke G (1982) Chiroptische Methoden in der Stereochemie IL Chem Unserer Zeit 16: 160

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Snatzke G (1981) Chiroptische Methoden in der Stereochemie I. Chem Unserer Zeit 15: 78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Dreyer M, Nugroho BW, Bohnenstengel FI, Ebel R, Wray V, Witte L, Bringmann G, Mühlbacher J, Herold M, Hung PD, Kiet LC, Proksch P (2001) New Insecticidal Rocaglamide Derivatives and Related Compounds from Aglaia oligophylla. J Nat Prod 64: 415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Bringmann G, Busemann S (1998) Quantumchemical Calculation of CD Spectra: The Absolute Configuration of Biologically Active Natural Products. In: Schreier P, Herderich M, Humpf HU, Schwab W (eds) Natural Product Analysis. Vieweg, p 195

    Google Scholar 

  100. Mason SF, Seal RH, Roberts DR (1974) Optical Activity in the Biaryl Series. Tetrahedron 30: 1671

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Lian-niang L, Xiang-jun Q, Da-lun G, Man K (1988) Neokadsuranin; a Tetrahydrofuranoid Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignan from Stems of Kadsura cocci-nea. Planta Med 54: 45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Liu J-S, Li L (1995) Kadsulignans L-N, Three Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Kadsura coccinea. Phytochemistry 38: 241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Bringmann G, Rübenacker M, Jansen JR, Scheutzow D, Aké Assi L (1990) On the Structure of the Dioncophyllaceae Alkaloids Dioncophyline A (“Triphyophylline”) and “O-Methyl-Triphyophylline”. Tetrahedron Lett 639

    Google Scholar 

  104. Govindachari TR, Nagarajan K, Parthasarathy PC, Rajagopalan TG, Desai HK, Kartha G, Lai Chen S-m, Nakanishi K (1974) Absolute Stereochemistry of Ancistrocladine and Ancistrocladinine. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1413

    Google Scholar 

  105. Anuradha V, Rao NSP (1998) Aeridin: A Phenanthropyran from Aerides crispum. Phytochemistry 48: 185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Bringmann G, Gulden K-P, Busse H, Fleischhauer J, Kramer B, Zobel E (1993) Circular Dichroism of Naphthyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids: Calculation of CD Spectra by Semiempirical Methods. Tetrahedron 49: 3305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Bringmann G, Gulden K-P, Busse H, Fleischhauer J, Kramer B, Zobel E (1992) The Calculation of CD Spectra for the Elucidation of the Absolute Configuration of Chiral Biaryls. Planta Med 58: 705

    Google Scholar 

  108. Bringmann G, Ledermann A, Stahl M, Gulden K-P (1995) Bismurrayaquinone A: Synthesis, Chromatographic Enantiomer Resolution, and Stereoanalysis by Computational and Experimental CD Investigations. Tetrahedron 51: 9353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Bringmann G, Stahl M, Gulden K-P (1997) Circular Dichroism of Naphthyldi-hydroisoquinoline Alkaloids: Determination of the Axial Configuration of Yao-undamine A. Tetrahedron 53: 2817

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Bringmann G, Pabst T, Busemann S, Peters K, Peters E-M (1998) Atropo-Enantioselective Synthesis of a Simplified Analog of Mastigophorenes A and B. Tetrahedron 54: 1425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Loncar-Tomascovic L, Sarac-Arneri R, Hergold-Brundic A, Nagl A, Mintas M, Sandström J (2000) Chromatographic Resolution, Circular Dichroism Spectra, Absolute Configurations, and Crystal Structures of Bridged Biphenyls, Containing Sulfide, Sulfoxide, and Sulfone Groups in the Bridge. Helv Chim Acta 83: 479

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Bringmann G, Kraus J, Menche D, Messer K (1999) Elucidation of the Absolute Configuration of Knipholone and Knipholone Anthrone by Quantum Chemical CD Calculations. Tetrahedron 55: 7563

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Bringmann G, Mühlbacher J, Repges C, Fleischhauer J (2001) MD-based CD calculations on the absolute axial configuration of the naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid dioncophylline A. J Comp Chem 22: 1273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Horeau A, Nouaille A (1990) Microméthode de Détermination de la Configuration des Alcools Secondaires par Dedoublement Cinétique. Emploi de la Spectrographie de Masse. Tetrahedron Lett 31: 2707

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Horeau A, Nouaille A, Mislow K (1965) Secondary Deuterium Isotope Effects in Asymmetric Syntheses and Kinetic Resolutions. J Am Chem Soc 87: 4957

    Google Scholar 

  116. Horeau A (1977) Determination of the Configuration of Secondary Alcohols by Partial Resolution. In: Kagan HB (ed) Stereochemistry — Fundamentals and Methods, vol. 3. Thieme, p 52

    Google Scholar 

  117. Bringmann G, Pokorny F (1995) The Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. In: Cordell GA (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 46. Academic Press, p 127

    Google Scholar 

  118. Bringmann G, François G, Aké Assi L, Schlauer J (1998) The Alkaloids of Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae). Chimia 52: 18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Musso H, Steckelberg W (1966) (-)-(S)-2,2′-Diamino-4,4′-dimethoxy-6,6′-dimeth-yl-biphenyl. Liebigs Ann Chem 693: 187

    Google Scholar 

  120. Gant TG, Meyers AI (1994) The Chemistry of 2-Oxazolines (1985-Present). Tetrahedron 50: 2297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Keserü GM, Nôgrâdi M (1998) Natural Products by Oxidative Phenolic Coupling-Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis and Synthesis. In: Atta-ur-Rahman (ed) Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, vol. 20. Elsevier, p 263

    Google Scholar 

  122. Musso H (1963) Über Phenol-Oxidationen. Angew Chem 75: 965

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Taylor WI, Battersby AR (1967) Oxidative Coupling of Phenols. Dekker, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  124. Cow C, Leung C, Charlton JL (2000) Antiviral Activity of Arylnaphthalene and Aryldihydronaphthalene Lignans. Can J Chem 78: 553

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Sainsbury M (1980) Modern Methods of Aryl-Aryl Bond Formation. Tetrahedron 36: 3327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Varvoglis A (1997) Chemical Transformations Induced by Hypervalent Iodinge Reagents. Tetrahedron 53: 1179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. McKillop A, Turrell AG, Young DW, Taylor EC (1980) Thallium in Organic Synthesis. 58. Regiospecific Intermolecular Oxidative Dehydrodimerization of Aromatic Compounds to Biaryls Using Thallium(III) Trifluoroacetate. J Am Chem Soc 102: 6504

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Kokubun T, Harborne JB, Eagles J, Waterman PG (1995) Antifungal Biphenyl Compounds are the Phytoalexins of the Sapwood of Sorbus aucuparia. Phyto-chemistry 40: 57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Erdtman H, Eriksson G, Norin T (1961) Phenolic Biphenyl Derivatives from the Heartwood of Sorbus aucuparia (L). Acta Chem Scand 15: 1796

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Erdtman H, Eriksson G, Norin T, Forsén S (1963) Aucuparin and Methoxyau-cuparin, Two Phenolic Biphenyl Derivatives from the Heartwood of Sorbus aucuparia (L.). Acta Chem Scand 17: 1151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Kokubun T, Harborne JB (1994) A Survey of Phytoalexin Induction in Leaves of the Rosaceae by Copper Ions. Z Naturforsch 49c: 628

    Google Scholar 

  132. Narasimhachari N, von Rudloff E (1962) The Chemical Composition of the Wood Extractives of Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid. Can J Chem 40: 1118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Narasimhachari N, von Rudloff E (1973) Lyoniside and Aucuparins from Wood of North American Sorbus Species. Phytochemistry 12: 2551

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Watanabe K, Ishiguri Y, Nonaka F, Morita A (1982) Isolation and Identification of Aucuparin as a Phytoalexin from Eriobotrya japonica L. Agric Biol Chem 46: 567

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Kemp MS, Holloway PJ, Burden RS (1985) 3ß,19α-Dihydroxy-2-oxours-12-en-28-oic Acid: a Pentacyclic Triterpene induced in the Wood of Malus pumila Mill, infected with Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar., and a Constituent of the Curticular Wax of Apple Fruits. J Chem Res (S) 154

    Google Scholar 

  136. Widyastuti SM, Nonaka F, Watanabe K, Sako N, Tanaka K (1992) Isolation and Characterization of Two Aucuparin-Related Phytoalexins from Photinia glabra Maxim. Ann Phytopath Soc Jpn 58: 228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Watanabe K, Widyastuti SM, Nonaka F (1990) Two Biphenyl Compounds from Rhaphiolepsis umbellata as Its Phytoalexin. Agric Biol Chem 54: 1861

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Malterud KE, Sandanger EK (1985) 4,2’-Dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybiphenyl, a New Phenol from the Wood of Salix caprea L. Z Naturforsch 40b: 853

    Google Scholar 

  139. Phillips P (1997) Unearthing the evidence. Chem Br 33: 32

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Nilsson M, Norin T (1963) Syntheses of Aucuparin and Methoxyaucuparin. Acta Chem Scand 17: 1157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Borejsza-Wysocki W, Lester C, Attygalle AB, Hrazdina G (1999) Elicited Cell Suspension Cultures of Apple (Malus x domestica) cv. Liberty Produce Biphenyl Phytoalexins. Phytochemistry 50: 231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. El-Feraly FS, Li W-S (1978) Phenolic Constituents of Magnolia grandiflora L. Seeds. Lloydia 41: 442

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Fujita M, Itokawa H, Sashida Y (1972) Honokiol, a New Phenolic Compound isolated from the Bark of Magnolia obovata Thunb. Chem Pharm Bull 20: 212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Fujita M, Itokawa H, Sashida Y (1973) Components of Magnolia obovata. II: Components of the Methanol Extract of the Bark. Yakugaku Zasshi 93: 422

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Fujita M, Itokawa H, Sashida Y (1973) Components of Magnolia obovata. Ill: Occurrence of Magnolol and Honokiol in M. obovata and Other Allied Plants. Yakugaku Zasshi 93: 429

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Sugii Y (1930) Constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, Rhed. et Wils and Magnolia obovata Thumb. J Pharm Soc Japan 50: 183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Konoshima T, Kozuka M, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Iwashima A, Haruna M, Ito K, Tanabe M (1991) Studies on Inhibitors of Skin Tumor Promotion. IX: Neolignans from Magnolia officinalis. J Nat Prod 54: 816

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Kijjoa A, Pinto MMM, Tantisewie B, Herz W (1989) A Biphenyl Type Neolignan and a Biphenyl Ether from Magnolia henryi. Phytochemistry 28: 1284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Chen F-C, Lee J-S, Lin Y-M (1983) Biphenyls from the Heartwood of Taiwan Sassafras. Phytochemistry 22: 616

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. El-Feraly FS, Cheatham SF, Breedlove RL (1983) Antimicrobial Neolignans of Sassafras randaiense Roots. J Nat Prod 46: 493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Kouno I, Morisaki T, Hara Y, Yang C-S (1991) Two New Sesquineolignans from the Bark of Illicium dunnianum. Chem Pharm Bull 39: 2606

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Sy L-K, Saunders RMK, Brown GD (1997) Phytochemistry of Illicium dunnianum and the Systematic Position of the Illiciaceae. Phytochemistry 44: 1099

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Takasugi M, Katui N (1986) A Biphenyl Phytoalexin from Cercidiphyllum japonicum. Phytochemistry 25: 2751

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Watanabe K, Watanabe HY, Goto Y, Yamamoto N, Yoshizaki M (1975) Studies on the Active Principles of Magnolia Bark. Centrally Acting Muscle relaxant Activity of Magnolol and Honokiol. Jpn J Pharmacol 25: 605

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Watanabe K, Watanabe H, Goto Y, Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto N, Hagino K (1983) Pharmacological Properties of Magnolol and Honokiol Extracted from Magnolia officinalis: Central Depressant Effects. Planta Med 49: 103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Holloway DM, Scheinmann F (1973) Co-occurence of Aporphine and Biphenyl Constituents in Litsea turfosa. Phytochemistry 12: 1503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. De Diaz AMP, Gottlieb HE, Gottlieb OR (1980) Dehydrodieugenols from Ocotea cymbarum. Phytochemistry 19: 681

    Google Scholar 

  158. El-Feraly FS (1984) Randainol: A Neolignan from Sassafras randaiense. Phytochemistry 23: 2329

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Fukuyama Y, Otoshi Y, Nakamura K, Kodama M, Sugawara M, Nagasawa M (1990) Structures of Eudesmagnolol and Eudeshonokiol, Novel Sesquiterpene-Neolignans Isolated from Magnolia obovata. Chem Lett 295

    Google Scholar 

  160. Fukuyama Y, Otoshi Y, Kodama M (1990) Structure of Clovanemagnolol, a Novel Neurotrophic Sesquiterpene-Neolignan from Magnolia obovata. Tetrahedron Lett 31: 4477

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Yahara S, Nishiyori T, Kohda A, Nohara T, Nishioka I (1991) Isolation and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Magnoliae Cortex Produced in China. Chem Pharm Bull 39: 2024

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Hartley RD, Jones EC (1976) Diferulic Acid as a Component of Cell Walls of Lolium multiflorum. Phytochemistry 15: 1157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Markwalder HU, Neukom H (1976) Diferulic Acid as a possible Crosslink in Hemicelluloses from Wheat Germ. Phytochemistry 15: 836

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Ralph J, Quideau S, Grabber JH, Hatfield RD (1994) Identification and Synthesis of New Ferulic Acid Dehydrodimers Present in Grass Cell Walls. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 3485

    Google Scholar 

  165. Micard V, Grabber JH, Ralph J, Renard CMGC, Thibault J-F (1997) Dehydro-diferulic Acids from Sugar-Beet Pulp. Phytochemistry 44: 1365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Quideau S, Ralph J (1997) Lignin-Ferulate Cross-links in Grasses. Part 4. Incorporation of 5–5-Coupled Dehydrodiferulate into Synthetic Lignin. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2351, and literature cited therein

    Google Scholar 

  167. Grabber JH, Hatfield RD, Ralph J, Zon J, Amrhein N (1995) Ferulate Cross-Linking in Cell Walls isolated from Maize Cell Suspensions. Phytochemistry 40: 1077

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Ward RS (1982) The Synthesis of Lignans and Neolignans. Chem Soc Rev 11: 75

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Abe F, Yamauchi T, Wan ASC (1989) Cerberalignans J-N, Oligolignans from Cerbera manghas. Phytochemistry 28: 3473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Abe F, Yamauchi T, Wan ASC (1988) Sesqui-, Sester- and Trilignans from Stems of Cerbera manghas and C. odollam. Phytochemistry 27: 3627

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Abe F, Yamauchi T, Wan ASC (1988) Lignans Related to Olivil from Genus Cerbera (Cerbera. VI). Chem Pharm Bull 36: 795

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Anjaneyulu ASR, Sagar KS, Rao NSK (1997) A Novel Cinnamide Dimer from the Indian Ocean Soft Coral Sinularia flexibilis. Nat Prod Lett 11: 5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Khan KA, Shoeb A (1984) Two Antibacterial Biphenyls from Rhynchosia suaveolens. Phytochemistry 23: 765

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Chiang H-C, Wu D-P, Cherng I-W, Ueng C-H (1995) A sesquiterpene lactone, phenyl and biphenyl compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea. Phytochemistry 39: 613

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Carroll AR, Taylor WC (1991) Constituents of Eupomatia Species. XIV: The Structures of Eupomatilone-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and -7 isolated from Eupomatia bennettii. Aust J Chem 44: 1705

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Lacaille-Dubois M-A, Galle K, Wagner H (1996) Secoiridoids and Xanthones from Gentianella nitida. Planta Med 62: 365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Ikeshiro Y, Kubota T, Tomita Y (1983) Two Bitter Biphenyl Glucosides from Swertia japonica. Planta Med 47: 26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Zhou H-M, Liu Y-L, Blaskô G, Cordell GA (1989) Swertiabisxanthone-1 from Swertia macrosperma. Phytochemistry 28: 3569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Bennett GJ, Lee H-H, Lowrey TK (1990) Novel Metabolites from Ploiarium alternifolium: A Bixanthone and two Anthraquinonylxanthones. Tetrahedron Lett 31: 751

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Niwa M, Terashima K, Aqil M (1993) Garcinol, a Novel Arylbenzofuran Derivative from Garcinia kola. Heterocycles 36: 671

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Niwa M, Terashima K, Ito J, Aqil M (1994) Two Novel Arylbenzofurans, Garcifuran-A and Garcifuran-B from Garcinia kola. Heterocycles 38: 1071

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Kelly TR, Szabados A, Lee Y-J (1997) Total Synthesis of Garcifuran B. J Org Chem 62: 428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Huang P-L, Lu C-M, Yen M-H, Wu R-R, Lin C-N (1995) Acetophenones from Cynanchum taiwanianum. Phytochemistry 40: 537

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Huang P-L, Lu C-M, Yen M-H, Wu R-R, Lin C-N (1996) Acetophenones from Cynanchum taiwanianum. Phytochemistry 41: 293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Lin C-N, Huang P-L, Lu C-M, Yen M-H, Wu R-R (1997) Revised Structure for Five Acetophenones from Cynanchum taiwanianum. Phytochemistry 44: 1359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Lin Y-L, Lin T-C, Kuo Y-H (1997) Two Acetophenone Glucosides, Cynanonesides A and B, from Cynanchum taiwanianum and Revision of the Structure for Cynandione A. J Nat Prod 60: 368

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Bringmann G, Breuning M, Endress H, Vitt D, Peters K, Peters E-M (1998) Biaryl Hydroxy Aldehydes as Intermediates in the Metal-Assisted Atropo-Enantioselec-tive Reduction of Biaryl Lactones: Structures and Aldehyde-Lactol Equilibria. Tetrahedron 54: 10677

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Bringmann G, Vitt D, Kraus J, Breuning M (1998) The ortho-Hydroxy-ortho Formyl Biaryl / Lactol Equilibrium: Quantumchemical Studies on Structure and Dynamics. Tetrahedron 54: 10691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Bringmann G, Heubes M, Breuning M, Göbel L, Ochse M, Schöner B, Schupp O (2000) Atropisomerization Barriers of Configurationally Unstable Biaryl Compounds, Useful Substrates for Atroposelective Conversions to Axially Chiral Biaryls. J Org Chem 65: 722

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Bringmann G, Schöner B, Peters K, Peters E-M, von Schnering HG (1994) Synthesis and Structure of a Protected Lactolate-Bridged Biaryl with Relevance to the Atropisomer-Selective Ring Opening of Biaryl Lactones. Liebigs Ann Chem 439

    Google Scholar 

  191. Banerjee S, Jakupovic J, Bohlmann F, King RM, Robinson H (1985) Chromenes from Ageratina riparia. Phytochemistry 24: 2681

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Shizuri Y, Yamada K (1985) Laurebiphenyl, a dimeric Sesquiterpene of the Cyclolaurane-Type from the red Alga Laurencia nidifica. Phytochemistry 24: 1385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Toyota M, Koyama H, Asakawa Y (1997) Sesquiterpenoids from the three Japanese Liverworts Lejeunea aquatica, L. flava and L. japonica. Phytochemistry 46: 145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Fukuyama Y, Asakawa Y (1991) Novel Neurotrophic Isocuparane-type Sesquiterpene Dimers, Mastigophorenes A, B, C and D, Isolated from the Liverwort Mastigophora diclados. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2737

    Google Scholar 

  195. More recently, Mastigophorenes A (65) and B (64) have also been isolated from the liverwort Herbertus sakuraii: Hashimoto T, Irita H, Takaoka S, Tanaka M, Asakawa Y (2000) New Chlorinated Cyclic Bis(bibenzyls) from the Liverworts Herbertus sakuraii and Mastigophora diclados. Tetrahedron 56: 3153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Bringmann G, Pabst T, Rycroft DS, Connolly JD (1999) First Synthesis of Mastigophorenes A and B, by Biomimetic Oxidative Coupling of Herbertenediol. Tetrahedron Lett 40: 483

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Degnan AP, Meyers AI (1999) Total Syntheses of (-)-Herbertenediol, (-)-Mastigophorene A, and (-)-Mastigophorene B. Combined Utility of Chiral Bicyclic Lactams and Chiral Aryl Oxazolines. J Am Chem Soc 121: 2762

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Bringmann G, Pabst T, Henschel P, Kraus J, Peters K, Peters E-M, Rycroft D-S, Connolly J (2000) Non-Dynamic and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Lactones with Stereogenic Centers and Axes: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Herbertenediol and Mastigophorenes A and B. J Am Chem Soc 122: 9127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Bringmann G, Hinrichs J, Pabst T, Henschel P, Peters K, Peters E (2001) From Dynamic to Non-Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Lactone-Bridged Biaryls: Synthesis of Mastigophorene B. Synthesis 155

    Google Scholar 

  200. Chen H-M, Wang B-G, Jia Z-J (1996) Novel sesquiterpenes from Ligularia virgaurea. Indian J Chem 35B: 1304

    Google Scholar 

  201. Wang B-G, Jia Z-J, Yang X-P (1997) Two Minor Benzofuranosesquiterpene Dimers from Ligularia virgaurea. Planta Med 63: 577

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Cambie RC, Lal AR, Ahmad F (1990) Sesquiterpenes from Heritiera ornithocep-hala. Phytochemistry 29: 2329

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Nishizawa M, Yamada H, Sastrapradja S, Hayashi Y (1985) Structure and Synthesis of Bicalamenene. Tetrahedron Lett 26: 1535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Cambie RC, Mander LN (1962) Chemistry of the Podocarpaceae. VI: Constituents of the Heartwood of Podocarpus totara G. Benn. Tetrahedron 18: 465

    Google Scholar 

  205. Cambie RC, Simpson WRJ, Colebrook LD (1962) Podototarin, a Bisditerpenoid from Podocarpus totara G. Benn. Chem Ind 1757

    Google Scholar 

  206. Taylor DAH (1963) The Isolation and Synthesis of 13-Hydroxy-14-isopropylpod-ocarpa-8, 11, 13-trien-16-oic Acid and some Related Compounds. J Chem Soc 1553

    Google Scholar 

  207. Cambie RC, Simpson WRJ, Colebrook LD (1963) Chemistry of the Podocarpaceae. VII: Podototarin and the Constituents of the Heartwood of Podocarpus hallii Kirj. Tetrahedron 19: 209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Takahashi T, Yasue M, Imamura H, Miyazaki M, Honda O (1964) Wood Extractives. VI: Identification of Podototarin, Totarol, 16-Carboxytotarol, and Macrophyllic Acid from Podocarpus macrophylla. Nippon Mokuzai Gakkaishi 10: 217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Takahashi T, Yasue M, Imamura H, Miyazaki M, Honda O (1965) Wood Extractives. VII. Constituents of Podocarpus nagi wood. Nippon Mokuzai Gakkaishi 11: 27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Bennett CR, Cambie RC (1967) Chemistry of the Podocarpaceae. XIII: Constituents of the Heartwoods of Podocarpus nivalis Hook, and Podocarpus acutifolius Kirk. Phytochemistry 6: 883

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Enomoto H, Yoshikuni Y, Yasutomi Y, Ohata K, Sempuku K, Kitaguchi K, Fujita Y, Mori T (1977) Hypocholesterolemic Action of Tricyclic Diterpenoids in Rats. Chem Pharm Bull 25: 507

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Amaro JM, Dignora Carroz U (1989) Phytochemistry of the Flora of Venezuela. VI: Phenolic Diterpenoids of Decussocarpus rospigliosii. Rev Latinoam Quim 20: 8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Bocks SM, Cambie RC, Takahashi T (1963) Chemistry of the Podocarpaceae. VIII: Macrophyllic Acid, a Bisditerpenoid from Podocarpus macrophyllus D. Don. Tetrahedron 19: 1109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. de Paiva Campello J, Fonseca SF, Chang C-J, Wenkert E (1975) Terpenes of Podocarpus lambertius. Phytochemistry 14: 243

    Google Scholar 

  215. Hembree JA, Chang C-J, McLaughlin JL, Cassady JM, Watts DJ, Wenkert E, Fonseca SF, de Paiva Campello J (1979) The Cytotoxic Norditerpene Dilactones of Podocarpus milanjianus and Podocarpus selloxvii. Phytochemistry 18: 1691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Cambie RC, Cox RE, Croft KD, Sidwell D (1983) Phenolic Diterpenoids of Some Podocarps. Phytochemistry 22: 1163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Cambie RC, Cox RE, Sidwell D (1984) Phenolic Diterpenoids of Podocarpus ferrugineus and other Podocarps. Phytochemistry 23: 333

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Franck B (1984) Mycotoxins from Fungi — Weapons of Uninvited Table Companions of Men and Animals: Structures, Effects, Biosynthesis, and Protection Possibilities. Angew Chem 96: 462; Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 23: 493

    Google Scholar 

  219. Franck B, Flasch H (1973) Die Ergochrome. In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 30. Springer, p 151

    Google Scholar 

  220. Franck B, Bringmann G, Flohr G (1980) Sequence Analysis of Ergochrome-Biosynthesis by Competitive Incorporation. Angew Chem 92: 483;

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Franck B, Bringmann G, Flohr G (1980) Sequence Analysis of Ergochrome-Biosynthesis by Competitive Incorporation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 19: 460

    Google Scholar 

  222. Howard CC, Johnstone RAW, Entwistle ID (1973) Isolation of a New Secalonic Acid. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 464

    Google Scholar 

  223. Yang D-M, Takeda N, Itaka Y, Sankawa U, Shibata S (1973) The Structures of Eumitrins Al, A2 and B; The Yellow Pigments of the Lichen Usnea bayleyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr. Tetrahedron 29: 519

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Proksa B, Uhrin D, Liptaj T, Sturdikovâ M (1998) Neosartorin, an Ergochrome Biosynthesized by Neosartorya fischeri. Phytochemistry 48: 1161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Iinuma M, Tosa H, Ito T, Tanaka T, Riswan S (1996) Garciduols A and B, New Benzophenone-Xanthone Dimers, From Carcina dulcis. Heterocycles 43: 535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Marquez JA, Horan AC, Kalyanpur M, Lee BK, Loebenberg D, Miller GH, Patel M, Waitz JA (1983) The Hazimycins, a New Class of Antibiotics: Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Characterization and Biological Properties. J Antibiot 36: 1101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Wright JJK, Cooper AB, McPhail AT, Merrill Y, Nagabhushan TL, Puar MS (1982) X-ray Crystal Structure Determination and Synthesis of the New Isonitrile-containing Antibiotics, Hazimycin Factors 5 and 6. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1188

    Google Scholar 

  228. Andersen SO (1964) The Cross-links in Resilin identified as Dityrosine and Trityrosine. Biochim Biophys Acta 93: 213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Andersen SO (1963) Characterization of a New Type of Cross-Linkage in Resilin, a Rubber-like Protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 69: 249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Raven DJ, Earland C, Little M (1971) Occurrence of Dityrosine in Tussah Silk Fibroin and Keratin. Biochim Biophys Acta 251: 96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Briza P, Winkler G, Kalchhauser H, Breitenbach M (1986) Dityrosine Is a Prominent Component of the Yeast Ascospore Wall — A Proof of its Structure. J Biol Chem 261: 4288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Pandey NK, Aronson AI (1979) Properties of the Bacillus subtilis Spore Coat. J Bacteriol 137: 1208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Briza P, Kalchhauser H, Pittenauer E, Allmaier G, Breitenbach M (1996) N,N′-Bisformyl Dityrosine is an in vivo Precursor of the Yeast Ascospore Wall. Eur J Biochem 239: 124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Welinder BS, Roepstorff P, Andersen SO (1976) The Crustacean Cuticle. IV: Isolation and Identification of Cross-links from Cancer pagurus Cuticle. Comp Biochem Physiol 53B: 529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Foerder CA, Shapiro BM (1977) Release of Ovoperoxidase from Sea Urchin Eggs Hardens the Fertilization Membrane with Tyrosine crosslinks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 4214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Kihara M, Koike T, Imakura Y, Kida K, Shingu T, Kobayashi S (1987) Alkaloidal Constituents of Hymenocallis rotata Herb. (Amaryllidaceae). Chem Pharm Bull 35: 1070

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Phamlam H, Gründemann E, Döpke W (1997) Alkaloids from Hippeastrum équestre Herb. (Amaryllidaceae). Part III. Pharmazie 52: 160

    Google Scholar 

  238. Highet RJ (1961) Ismine. J Org Chem 26: 4767

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Maier UH, Gundlach H, Zenk MH (1998) Seven Imidazole Alkaloids from Lepidium sativum. Phytochemistry 49: 1791

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. D’Souza L, Wahidulla S, Mishra PD (1997) Bisoxazolinone from the mangrove Acanthus illicifolius. Indian J Chem 36B: 1079

    Google Scholar 

  241. Brady JD, Sadler IH, Fry SC (1998) Pulcherosine, an Oxidatively Coupled Trimer of Tyrosine in Plant Cell Walls: Its Role in Cross-Link Formation. Phytochemistry 47: 349

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Brady JD, Sadler IH, Fry SC (1996) Di-isodityrosine, a novel tetrameric derivative of tyrosine in plant cell wall proteins: a new potential cross-link. Biochem J 315: 323

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Takahashi C, Yoshihira K, Natori S, Umeda M, Ohtsubo K, Saito M (1974) Toxic Metabolites of Aspergillus candidus. Experientia 30: 529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Takahashi C, Yoshihira K, Natori S, Umeda M (1976) The Structures of Toxic Metabolites of Aspergillus candidus. I: The Compounds A and E, Cytotoxic p-Terphenyls. Chem Pharm Bull 24: 613

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Kurobane I, Vining LC, Mclnnes AG, Smith DG (1979) 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a New Metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure Elucidation by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Antibiot 32: 559

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Kobayashi A, Takemoto A, Koshimizu K, Kawazu K (1985) /7-Terphenyls with Cytotoxic Activity toward Sea Urchin Embryos. Agric Biol Chem 49: 867

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Kawada K, Arimura A, Tsuri T, Fuji M, Komurasaki T, Yonezawa S, Kugimiya A, Haga N, Mitsumori S, Inagaki M, Nakatani T, Tamura Y, Takechi S, Taishi T, Kishino J, Ohtani M (1998) Total Synthesis of Terprenin, a Highly Potent and Novel Immunglobulin E Antibody Suppressant. Angew Chem 110: 1015; Angew Chem Int Ed 37: 973

    Google Scholar 

  248. Kamigauchi T, Sakazaki R, Nagashima K, Kawamura Y, Yasuda Y, Matsushima K, Tani H, Takahashi Y, Ishii K, Suzuki R, Koizumi K, Nakai H, Ikenishi Y, Terui Y (1998) Terprenins, Novel Immunosuppressants Produced by Aspergillus candidus. J Antibiot 51: 445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Cutler HG, LeFiles JH, Crumley FG, Cox RH (1978) Hydroxyterphenyllin: A Novel Fungal Metabolite with Plant Growth Inhibiting Properties. J Agric Food Chem 26: 632

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Elix JA, Ernst-Russell MA (1996) Butlerins D, E and F — Three New Hexasub-stituted Lichen p-Terphenyls. Aust J Chem 49: 1247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Elix JA, Gaul KL, Hockless DCR, Wardlaw JH (1995) Structure Determination of Butlerins A, B and C — Three New Lichen p-Terphenyls. Aust J Chem 48: 1049

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Gripenberg J (1958) Fungus Pigments IX. Some Further Constituents of Hydnum aurantiacum Batsch. Acta Chem Scand 12: 1411

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Divekar PV, Read G, Vining LC, Haskins RH (1959) Volucrisporin: Isolation, Structure, and Synthesis of the Methyl Ether. Can J Chem 37: 1970, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Briggs LH, Cambie RC, Dean IC, Dromgoole SH, Fergus BJ, Ingram WB, Lewis KG, Small CW, Thomas R, Walker DA (1975) Chemistry of Fungi. 10: Metabolites of some Fungal Species. New Zealand J Sci 18: 565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Tringali C, Piattelli M, Geraci C, Nicolosi G, Rocco C (1987) Previously Unreported /»-Terphenyl Derivatives with Antibiotic Properties from the Fruiting Bodies of Sarcodon leucopus (Basidiomycetes). A Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study. Can J Chem 65: 2369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Belofsky GN, Gloer KB, Gloer JB, Wicklow DT, Dowd PF (1998) New p-Terphenyl and Polyketide Metabolites from the Sclerotia of Penicillium raistrickii. J Nat Prod 61: 1115

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Yun B-S, Lee I-K, Kim J-P, Yoo I-D (2000) Curtisians A-D, New Free Radical Scavengers from the Mushroom Paxillus curtisii. J Antibiot 53: 114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Jägers E, Hillen-Maske E, Steglich W (1987) Pilzfarbstoffe, 54: Inhaltsstoffe von Boletopsis leucomelaena (Basidiomycetes): Klärung der chemischen Natur von “Leucomeion” und “Protoleucomelon”. Z Naturforsch 42b: 1349

    Google Scholar 

  259. Takahashi A, Kudo R, Kusano G, Nozoe S (1992) 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Isolated from the Mushroom Boletopsis leucomelas (Pers.) Fayod. Chem Pharm Bull 40: 3194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Kobayashi A, Takemura A, Koshimizu K, Nagano H, Kawazu K (1982) Candidusin A and B: New p-Terphenyls with Cytotoxic Effects on Sea Urchin Embryos. Agric Biol Chem 46: 585

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Oh H, Gloer JB, Wicklow DT, Dowd PF (1998) Arenarins A-C: New Cytotoxic Fungal Metabolites from the Sclerotia of Aspergillus arenarius. J Nat Prod 61: 702

    Google Scholar 

  262. Kohno H, Takaba K, Fukai T, Nomura T (1987) Structure of Mulberrofuran R, a Novel 2-Arylbenzofuran derivative from the Cultivated Mulberry Tree (Moms lhou Koidz.). Heterocycles 26: 759

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Kouno I, Hashimoto A, Kawano N, Yang C-S (1989) New Sesqui-Neolignan from the Pericarps of Illicium macranthum. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 1291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Kouno I, Iwamoto C, Kameda Y, Tanaka T, Yang C-S (1994) A New Triphenyl-Type Neolignan and a Biphenylneolignan from the Bark of Illicium simonsii. Chem Pharm Bull 42: 112

    Google Scholar 

  265. Fukuyama Y, Kodama M, Miura I, Kinzyo Z, Mori H, Nakayama Y, Takahashi M (1989) Anti-plasmin Inhibitor. V: Structures of Novel Dimeric Eckols Isolated from the Brown Alga Ecklonia kurome Okamura. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 2438

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Grosse-Damhues J, Glombitza K-W, Schulten H-R (1983) An Eight-Ring Phlorotannin from the Brown Alga Himanthalia elongata. Phytochemistry 22: 2043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Glombitza K-W, Zieprath G (1989) Phlorotannins from the brown Alga Analipus japonicus. Planta Med 55: 171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Ragan MA (1985) The High Molecular Weight Polyphloroglucinols of the Marine Brown Alga Fucus vesiculosus L.: Degradative Analysis. Can J Chem 63: 294

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Huang L, Si Y-K, Snatzke G, Zheng D-K, Zhou J (1988) Absolute Configuration of Gossypol. Collection Czechoslovak Chem Commun 53: 2664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Adams R, Geissman TA, Edwards JD (1960) Gossypol, a Pigment of Cottonseed. Chem Rev 60: 555

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Dechary JM, Pradel P (1971) The Occurrence of (+)-Gossypol in Gossypium Species. J Am Oil Chem Soc 48: 563

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. King TJ, de Silva LB (1968) Optically Active Gossypol from Thespesia populnea. Tetrahedron Lett 261

    Google Scholar 

  273. Bhakuni DS, Dhar MM, Sharma VN (1968) Chemistry of Thespesin. Experientia 24: 109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Datta SC, Murti VVS, Seshadri TR (1968) A New Component of the Flowers of Thespesia populnea: (+)-Gossypol. Curr Sci 37: 135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Lukefahr MJ, Fryxell PA (1967) Content of Gossypol in Plants Belonging to Genera Related to Cotton. Economic Botany 21: 128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Marcelle GB, Cordell GA, Soejarto DD, Fong HHS (1985) Isolation of (+)-Gossypol from Montezuma speciosissima. J Nat Prod 48: 162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Cass QB, Tiritan E, Matlin SA, Freire EC (1991) Gossypol Enantiomer Ratios in Cotton Seeds. Phytochemistry 30: 2655

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Bell AA, Stipanovic RD, Howell CR, Fryxell PA (1975) Antimicrobial Terpenoids of Gossypium: Hemigossypol, 6-Methoxyhemigossypol and 6-Deoxyhemigossypol. Phytochemistry 14: 225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Stipanovic RD, Stoessl A, Stothers JB, Altman DW, Bell AA, Heinstein P (1986) The Stereochemistry of the Biosynthetic Precursor of Gossypol. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 100

    Google Scholar 

  280. Masciadri R, Angst W, Arigoni D (1985) A Revised Scheme for the Biosynthesis of Gossypol. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1573

    Google Scholar 

  281. Matlin SA, Belenguer A, Tyson RG, Brookes AN (1987) Resolution of Gossypol: Analytical and Large-Scale Preparative HPLC on Non-Chiral Phases. J High Resol Chromatogr Commun 10: 86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Matlin SA, Zhou R (1984) Resolution of Gossypol: Analytical and Preparative HPLC. J High Resol Chromatogr Commun 7: 629

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Huang L, Zheng D-K, Si Y-K (1987) Resolution of Racemic Gossypol. J Ethnopharmacol 20: 13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Sampath DS, Balaram P (1986) A Rapid Procedure for the Resolution of Racemic Gossypol. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 649

    Google Scholar 

  285. Zheng DK, Kang SY, Ke MJ, Jin Z, Huang L (1985) Resolution of Racemic Gossypol. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 168

    Google Scholar 

  286. Lin TS, Schinazi R, Griffith BP, August EM, Eriksson BFH, Zheng DK, Huang L, Prusoff WH (1989) Selective Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by the (-) but not the (+)-Enantiomer of Gossypol. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33: 2149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Polsky B, Segal SJ, Baron PA, Gold JWM, Ueno H, Armstrong D (1989) Inactivation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in vitro by Gossypol. Contraception 39: 579

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Heidrich JE, Hunsaker LA, Vander J, David L (1983) Gossypol, an antifertility Agent, exhibits Antimalarial Activity in vitro. IRCS Med Sci: Libr Compend 11: 304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Cohen P (1996) Malaria Reveals a Chink in its Armour. New Scientist 17

    Google Scholar 

  290. Montamat EE, Burgos C, de Burgos NMG, Rovai LE, Blanco A, Segura EL (1982) Inhibitory Action of Gossypol on Enzymes and Growth of Trypanosoma cruzi. Science 218: 288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Joseph AEA, Matlin SA, Knox P (1986) Cytotoxicity of Enantiomers of Gossypol. Br J Cancer 54: 511

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Band V, Hoffer AP, Bands H, Rhinehardt AE, Knapp RC, Matlin SA, Anderson DJ (1989) Antiproliferative Effect of Gossypol and its Optical Isomers on Human Reproductive Cancer Cell Lines. Gynecol Oncol 32: 273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Benz CC, Keniry MA, Ford JM, Townsend AJ, Cox FW, Palayoor S, Matlin SA, Hait WN, Cowan KH (1990) Biochemical Correlates of the Antitumor and Antimitochondrial Properties of Gossypol Enantiomers. Mol Pharmacol 37: 840

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Gonzalez-Garza T, Matlin SA, Mata-Cardenas BD, Said-Fernandez S (1991) In vitro Evaluation of Gossypol as Potential Antiamebic Drug. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 34: 359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Edwards Jr. JD (1970) Synthesis of Gossypol and Gossypol Derivatives. J Am Oil Chem Soc 47: 441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Venuti MC (1981) Efficient Synthesis of the Gossypol Binaphthyl Backbone. J Org Chem 46: 3124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Veech JA, Stipanovic RD, Bell AA (1976) Peroxidative Conversion of Hemigossy-pol to Gossypol. A Revised Structure for Isohemigossypol. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 144

    Google Scholar 

  298. Ognyanov VI, Petrov OS, Tiholov EP, Mollov NM (1989) Synthesis of Gossypol Analogues. Helv Chim Acta 72: 353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. Meyers AI, Willemsen JJ (1997) The Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Gossypol via an Asymmetric Ullmann Coupling. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1573

    Google Scholar 

  300. Meyers AI, Willemsen JJ (1998) An Oxazoline Based Approach to (S)-Gossypol. Tetrahedron 54: 10493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. Thomson RH (1971) Naturally Occurring Quinones. vol. I. Academic Press, p 586, 198–366

    Google Scholar 

  302. Thomson RH (1997) Naturally Occurring Quinones. vol. IV. Chapman & Hall

    Google Scholar 

  303. Durand R, Zenk MH (1971) Biosynthesis of Plumbagin (5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone) via the Acetate Pathway in Higher Plants. Tetrahedron Lett 3009

    Google Scholar 

  304. Bringmann G, Wohlfarth M, Rischer H, Rückert M, Schlauer J (1998) The Polyketide Folding Mode in the Biogenesis of Isoshinanolone and Plumbagin in Ancistrocladus heyneanus (Ancistrocladaceae). Tetrahedron Lett 39: 8445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Bringmann G (1985) Aufbau und Cyclisierung zentral modifizierter ß-Pentaketone: Synthese monocyclischer Isochinolinalkaloid-Vorstufen. Liebigs Ann Chem 2105

    Google Scholar 

  306. Bringmann G (1985) Biomimetische Synthesen beider Molekülhälften der Anci-strocladus- und der Triphyophyllum-Alkaloide aus gemeinsamen Vorstufen. Liebigs Ann Chem 2126

    Google Scholar 

  307. Tezuka M, Takahashi C, Kuroyanagi M, Satake M, Yoshihira K, Natori S (1973) New Naphthoquinones from Diospyros. Phytochemistry 12: 175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Sankaram AVB, Reddy VVN (1984) Structure of Ebenone, a Possible Biogenetic Precursor of Elliptinone, from Diospyros ebenum. Phytochemistry 23: 2039

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. Mongkolsuk S, Sdarwonvivat C (1965) 3-Methylnaphthalene-l,8-diol from Diospyros mollis. J Chem Soc 1533

    Google Scholar 

  310. Krishnamoorthy V, Thomson RH (1969) A New Binaphthoquinone from Drosera ramentacea. Phytochemistry 8: 1591

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Yoshihira K, Tezuka M, Kanchanapee P, Natori S (1971) Naphthoquinone Derivatives from the Ebenaceae. I: Diospyrol and the Related Naphthoquinones from Diospyros mollis Griff. Chem Pharm Bull 19: 2271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. Yoshihira K, Tezuka M, Natori S (1971) Naphthoquinone Derivatives from the Ebenaceae. II: Isodiospyrin, Bisisodiospyrin, and Mamegakinone from Diospyros lotus L. and D. morrisiana Hance. Chem Pharm Bull 19: 2308

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Tezuka M, Kuroyanagi M, Yoshihira K, Natori S (1972) Naphthoquinone Derivatives from the Ebenaceae. IV: Naphthoquinone Derivatives from Diospyros kaki Thunb. and D. kaki Thunb. var. sylvestris Makino. Chem Pharm Bull 20:2029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Ferreira MA, Cruz Costa MA, Correia Alves A, Lopes MH (1974) Naphthoquinones from Euclea pseudebenus. Phytochemistry 13: 1587

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Ferreira MA, Lopes MH, Cruz Costa MA, Alves AC (1974) Eucleolatin: A Dimeric Methylnaphthazarin from Euclea lanceolata. Phytochemistry 13: 499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. Musgrave OC, Skoyles D (1974) Ebenaceae Extractives. Part IV: Diosindigo A, a Blue Pigment from Several Diospyros Species. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1128

    Google Scholar 

  317. van der Vijver LM, Gerritsma KW (1974) Naphthoquinones of Euclea and Diospyros Species. Phytochemistry 13: 2322

    Google Scholar 

  318. van der Vijver LM, Gerritsma KW (1976) Naphthoquinones from Ebenaceae. Pharm Weekblad 111: 1273

    Google Scholar 

  319. Lillie TJ, Musgrave OC, Skoyles D (1976) Ebenaceae Extractives. Part V: New Diospyrin Derivatives from Diospyros montana Roxb. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2155

    Google Scholar 

  320. Lillie TJ, Musgrave OC (1980) Ebenaceae Extractives. Part 8: The Structure of Diosquinone and Reactions of Related Quinone Epoxides. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1161

    Google Scholar 

  321. Alves AC, Costa MAC, Paul MI (1983) Naphthaquinones of Diospyros batocana. Planta Med 47: 121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Marston A, Msonthi JD, Hostettmann K (1984) Naphthoquinones of Diospyros usambarensis; their Molluscicidal and Fungicidal Activities. Planta Med 50: 279

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Sankaram AVB, Reddy VVN, Shoolery JN (1987) Conformational Isomerism Exhibited by 2′,3′-Epoxydiospyrin. Indian J Chem 26B: 41

    Google Scholar 

  324. Sidhu GS, Pardhasaradhi M (1967) Structure of Diospyrin. Tetrahedron Lett 1313

    Google Scholar 

  325. Sidhu GS, Prasad KK (1967) (-)-Isodiospyrin — a Novel Binaphthaquinone Showing Atropisomerism and Other Extractives from Diospyros chloroxylon. Tetrahedron Lett 2905

    Google Scholar 

  326. Lillie TJ, Musgrave OC (1977) Ebenaceae Extractives. Part 7: Use of Hydroxy-proton Shifts of Juglone Derivatives in Structure Elucidation. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 355

    Google Scholar 

  327. Fallas AL, Thomson RH (1968) Ebenaceae Extractives. Part III: Binaphthaqui-nones from Diospyros Species. J Chem Soc (C) 2279

    Google Scholar 

  328. van der Vijver LM, Gerritsma KW (1973) Ebenaceae: Naphthoquinones of Euclea and Diospyros Species. Phytochemistry 12: 230

    Google Scholar 

  329. Khan RM, Rwekika E (1999) 6″,8′-Bisdiosquinone from Diospyros mafiensis. Phytochemistry 50: 143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. Sankaram AVB, Reddy VVN, Marthandamurthi M (1986) 13C NMR Spectra of Some Naturally Occurring Binaphthoquinones and Related Compounds. Phytochemistry 25: 2867

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Khan MR, Kishimba MA, Locksley H (1987) Extractives from Ebenaceae: Constituents of the Root and Stem Barks of Diospyros verrucosa. Planta Med 53: 498

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Khan MR, Rwekika E (1993) Naphthoquinones from the Barks of Three Species of the Genus Diospyros. Fitoterapia 64: 375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Loder JW, Mongolsuk S, Robertson A, Whalley WB (1957) Diospyrol, a Constituent of Diospyros mollis. J Chem Soc 2233

    Google Scholar 

  334. Borsub L, Thebtaranonth Y, Ruchirawat S, Sadavongvivad C (1976) A New Diglucoside from the Anthelmintic Berries of Diospyros mollis. Tetrahedron Lett 105

    Google Scholar 

  335. Sankaram AVB, Sirinivasarao A, Sidhu GS (1976) Chitranone — a New Binaphthaquinone from Plumbago zeylanica. Phytochemistry 15: 237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Dinda B, Das SK, Hajra AK (1995) Naphthoquinones from the Roots of Plumbago rosea Linn. Indian J Chem Sect B 34B: 525

    Google Scholar 

  337. Higa M, Ogihara K, Yogi S (1998) Bioactive Naphthoquinone Derivatives from Diospyros maritima Blume. Chem Pharm Bull 46: 1189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Colegate SM, Dorling PR, Huxtable CR, Skelton BW, White AH (1985) Stypandrol, a Toxic Binaphthalenetetrol Isolated from Stypandra imbricata. Aust J Chem 38: 1233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Colegate SM, Dorling PR, Huxtable CR (1986) Dianellidin, Stypandrol and Dianellinone: an Oxidation-related Series from Dianella revoluta. Phytochemistry 25: 1245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Wang J-H, Humphreys DJ, Stodulski GBJ, Middleton DJ, Barlow RM, Lee JB (1989) Structure and Distribution of a Neurotoxic Principle, Hemerocallin. Phytochemistry 28: 1825

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. Tsipouras A, Goetz MA, Hensens OD, Liesch JM, Ostlind DA, Williamson JM, Dombrowski AW, Ball RG, Singh SB (1997) Sporandol: A Novel Antiparasitic Binaphthalene from Chrysosporium meridarium. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 7: 1279. In this réf., the axial configuration was determined correctly according to the Exciton Chirality method but was erroneously drawn as M.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. van der Vijver LM, Gerritsma KW (1975) Behaviour of 7-Methyljuglone and Two Related Naphthoquinones on Silica Gel Exposed to Air. J Chromatogr 114: 443

    Google Scholar 

  343. Sankaram AVB, Narayana VV, Sidhu GS (1981) A Pentacyclic Quinone and Diosindigo B from the Heartwood of Diospyros melanoxylon. Phytochemistry 20: 1093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Werbin H, Strom ET (1968) Photochemistry of Electron-Transport Quinones. I: Model Studies with 2-Methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone (Vitamin K3). J Am Chem Soc 90: 7296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Kuroyanagi M, Yoshihira K, Natori S (1971) Naphthoquinone Derivatives from the Ebenaceae. III: Shinanolone from Diospyros japonica Sieb. Chem Pharm Bull 19: 2314

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Khan MR, Kishimba MA, Locksley H (1989) Naphthoquinones from the Root and Stem Barks of Diospyros usambarensis. Planta Med 55: 581

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Kuo Y-H, Chang C-I, Kuo Y-H, Huang S-L (1998) Three New Naphthoquinones from the Stem of Diospyros maritima Blume. J Chin Chem Soc 45: 111, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. Baker RW, Liu S, Sargent MV, Skelton BW, White AH (1997) Absolute Stereochemistry of l,2’-linked Bi(naphthoquinone)s. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 451

    Google Scholar 

  349. Baker RW, Liu S, Sargent MV (1998) Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Axially Chiral Binaphthoquinones. Aust J Chem 51: 255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. Sadun EH, Vajrasthira S (1954) The Effect of Makula (Diospyros mollis) in the Treatment of Human Hookworm. J Parasit 40: 49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  351. Nilanidhi T, Prachankadee R (1957) Active Principles of Diospyros mollis. In: Proc. Pacific Sci. Congr. Pacific Sci. Assoc, 9th, vol. 5. Bangkok

    Google Scholar 

  352. Carter FL, Garlo AM, Stanley JB (1978) Termiticidal Components of Wood Extracts: 7-Methyljuglone from Diospyros virginiana. J Agric Food Chem 26: 869

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  353. Bringmann G, Rübenacker M, Ammermann E, Lorenz G, Aké Assi L (BASF AG) Anwendung von Dioncophyllinen als Fungizide. DE 41 17 080 A l 26.11.92

    Google Scholar 

  354. Weiss U, Merlini L, Nasini G (1987) Naturally Occurring Perylenequinones. In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 52. Springer, p 1. Mistakes have been made in this ref. concerning some stereogenic centers: a revision of the descriptors of the absolute configuration is necessary for alterperylenol to be changed into 12S,12aS,l2bR (drawing is correct since it corresponds to the crystal structure given in Ref. (348. Okuno T, Natsume I, Sawai K, Sawamura K, Furusaki A, Matsumoto T (1983) Structure of Antifungal and Phytotoxic Pigments Produced by Alternaria Sps. Tetrahedron Lett 5653)) and of stemphylotoxines I and II into 12bR* (descriptor correctly given in Ref. (349. Arnone A, Nasini G, Merlini L, Assante G (1986) Secondary Mould Metabolites. Part 16: Stemphyltoxins, New Reduced Perylenequinone Metabolites from Stemphylium botryosum var. Lactucum. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 525)). Revisions of the formula drawings of cercosporin (138) on the pages 19 and 21 (also in Ref. (350. Nasini G, Merlini L, Andreetti GD, Bocelli G, Sgarabotto P (1982) Stereochemistry of Cercosporin. Tetrahedron 38: 2787)) and of phleichrome (139) (both Fig. 26 in here) on page 22 have to be made, all of them have incorrectly drawn stereocenters at C-14 and C-17

    Google Scholar 

  355. Hashimoto T, Tahara S, Takaoka S, Tori M, Asakawa Y (1994) Structures of a Novel Binaphthyl and Three Novel Benzophenone Derivatives with Plant-Growth Inhibitory Activity from the Fungus Daldinia concentrica. Chem Pharm Bull 42: 1528

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Okuno T, Natsume I, Sawai K, Sawamura K, Furusaki A, Matsumoto T (1983) Structure of Antifungal and Phytotoxic Pigments Produced by Alternaria Sps. Tetrahedron Lett 5653

    Google Scholar 

  357. Arnone A, Nasini G, Merlini L, Assante G (1986) Secondary Mould Metabolites. Part 16: Stemphyltoxins, New Reduced Perylenequinone Metabolites from Stemphylium botryosum var. Lactucum. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 525

    Google Scholar 

  358. Nasini G, Merlini L, Andreetti GD, Bocelli G, Sgarabotto P (1982) Stereochemistry of Cercosporin. Tetrahedron 38: 2787

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Zhenjun D, Lown JW (1990) Hypocrellins and Their Use in Photosensitization. Photochem Photobiol 52: 609, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. Lown JW (1997) 1996 Hoffman-LaRoche Award Lecture: Photochemistry and Photobiology of Perylenquinones. Can J Chem 75: 99, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  361. Kobayashi E, Ando K, Nakano H, Iida T, Ohno H, Morimoto M, Tamaoki T (1989) Calphostins (UCN-1028), Novel and Specific Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C. I: Fermentation, Isolation, Physico-Chemical Properties and Biological Activities. J Antibiot 42: 1470

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. Hudson JB, Imperial V, Haugland RP, Diwu Z (1997) Antiviral Activities of Photoactive Perylenequinones. Photochem Photobiol 65: 352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Broka CA (1991) Total syntheses of Phleichrome, Calphostin A, and Calphostin D. Unusual Stereoselective and Stereospecific Reactions in the Synthesis of Perylenequinones. Tetrahedron Lett 32: 859

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Coleman RS, Grant EB (1995) Synthesis of Helically Chiral Molecules: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Perylenequinones Phleichrome and Calphostin A. J Am Chem Soc 117: 10889

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. Arnone A, Merlini L, Mondelli R, Nasini G, Ragg E, Scaglioni L (1993) Structure, Conformational Analysis, and Absolute Configuration of the Perylenequinone Pigments Elsinochromes Bl, B2, CI and C2. Gazz Chim Ital 123: 131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. Arnone A, Assante G, Merlini L, Nasini G (1989) Structure and Stereochemistry of Cladochrome D and E, Novel Perylenequinone Pigments from Cladosporium cladosporioides. Gazz Chim Ital 119: 557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  367. Iida T, Kobayashi E, Yoshida M, Sano H (1989) Calphostins, Novel and Specific Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C. II: Chemical Structures. J Antibiot 42: 1475

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. Lipshutz BH, Kayser F, Liu Z-P (1994) Asymmetric Synthesis of Biaryls via Intramolecular coupling of Cyano Cuprate Intermediates. Angew Chem 106: 1962;

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. Lipshutz BH, Kayser F, Liu Z-P (1994) Asymmetric Synthesis of Biaryls via Intramolecular coupling of Cyano Cuprate Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 33: 1842, and literature cited therein

    Google Scholar 

  370. Merlic CA, Aldrich CC, Albaneze-Walker J, Saghatelian A (2000) Carbene Complexes in the Synthesis of Complex Natural Products: Total Synthesis of the Calphostins. J Am Chem Soc 122: 3224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Wu H, Lao X-F, Wang Q-W, Lu R-R, Shen C, Zhang F, Liu M, Jia L (1989) The Shiraiachromes: Novel Fungal Perylenequinone Pigments from Shiraia bambusi-cola. J Nat Prod 52: 948

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Kishi T, Tahara S, Taniguchi N, Tsuda M, Tanaka C, Takahashi S (1991) New Perylenequinones from Shiraia bambusicola. Planta Med 57: 376

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  373. Arnone A, Merlini L, Mondelli R, Nasini G, Ragg E, Scaglioni L, Weiss U (1993) NMR Study of Tautomerism in Natural Perylenequinones. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 1447

    Google Scholar 

  374. Arnone A, Camarda L, Nasini G, Merlini L (1985) Secondary Mould Metabolites. Part 13: Fungal Perylenequinones: Phleichrome, Isophleichrome, and their Endoperoxides. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1387

    Google Scholar 

  375. Lousberg RJJC, Salemink CA, Weiss U, Batterham TJ (1969) Pigments of Elsinoe Species. Part II: Structure of Elsinochrome A, B, and C. J Chem Soc (C) 1219

    Google Scholar 

  376. Mazzini S, Merlini L, Mondelli R, Nasini G, Ragg E, Scaglioni L (1997) Deuterium Isotope Effect on 1H and 13C Chemical Shifts of Intramolecularly Hydrogen Bonded Perylenequinones. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  377. Sandermann W, Dietrichs HH (1959) Chemical Studies on Tropical Woods. IV. Chemical Researches on Teakwood. Holzforschung 13: 137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Sandermann W, Simatupang MH (1964) Über Inhaltsstoffe aus Teak (Tectona grandis L.). II: Konstitution und Synthese des Tectols und Dehydrotectols. Chem Ber 97: 588

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Sandermann W, Simatupang M (1963) Zur Struktur des Texols und Dehydrotexols in Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.). Tetrahedron Lett 1269

    Google Scholar 

  380. Manners GD, Jurd L, Wong R, Palmer K (1975) Constituents of Tabebuia guayacan: The Structure of Guayacanin. Tetrahedron 31: 3019

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. Sandermann HW, Simatupang MH (1967) Eine weitere biogenetisch interessante Verbindung aus Teak (Tectona grandis L.). Naturwissenschaften 54: 118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Burnett AR, Thomson RH (1968) Naturally Occurring Quinones. Part XII: Extractives from Tabebuia chrysantha Nichols and other Bignoniaceae. J Chem Soc (C) 850

    Google Scholar 

  383. Zhang G-L, He M-y, Xing Q-y (1997) Four Novel Glycosides from the Aphid Pseudoregma bambusicola T. Helv Chim Acta 80: 2502

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. Brown Jr. KS (1975) The Chemistry of Aphids and Scale Insects. Chem Soc Rev 4: 263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Simpson TJ (1977) 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonanz Spectra and Biosynthetic Studies of Xanthomegnin and Related Pigments from Aspergillus sulphureus and melleus. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 592

    Google Scholar 

  386. Gorst-Allman CP, Rudd BAM, Chang C-j, Floss HG (1981) Biosynthesis of Actinorhodin. Determination of the Point of Dimerization. J Org Chem 46: 455

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Bloomer JL, Smith CA, Caggiano TJ (1984) Demonstration of an Alternative Chain Folding in the Pyranonaphthalene Fonsecin. Use of Long-Range Hetero-nuclear Couplings in the Naphthalene Ring for Structural Assignment. J Org Chem 49: 5027

    Google Scholar 

  388. Leeper FJ, Staunton J (1984) The Biosynthesis of Rubrofusarin, a Polyketide Naphthopyrone from Fusarium culmorum:13C N.M.R. Assignments and Incorporation of 13C- and 2H-Labelled Acetates. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2919

    Google Scholar 

  389. Nelson RA, Pope Jr. JA, Pandey RC, McDaniel LE, Schaffner CP BRL, Hoops PH, Jordan F (1988) Studies on the Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Crisamicin A and Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Assignments. J Antibiot 41: 1659

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  390. Pope Jr. JA, Nelson RA, Pandey RC, Beveridge RL, Schaffner CP (1985) Biosynthesis of Crisamicin A: a Dimeric Isochromanequinone Antibiotic Produced by Micromonospora purpureochromogenes var. celinoensis. Recent Adv Chemother, Proc Int Congr Chemother, 14th 241

    Google Scholar 

  391. Rüssel WL, Pandey RC, Schaffner CP, Fales HM (1988) Crisamicin C, a New Isochromanequinone Antibiotic. Isolation, Structure Determination, and Biosynthesis. J Antibiot 41: 149

    Google Scholar 

  392. Koyama K, Natori S (1989) Biosynthesis of Chaetochromin A, a Bis(naphtho-y-pyrone), in Chaetomium spp. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 2022

    Google Scholar 

  393. Sherman DH, Bibb MJ, Simpson TJ, Johnson D, Malpartida F, Fernandez-Moreno M, Martinez E, Hutchinson CR, Hopwood DA (1991) Molecular Genetic Analysis Reveals a Putative Bifunctional Polyketide Cyclase/Dehydrase Gene from Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces violaceoruber, and a Cyclase/O-Methyl-transferase from Streptomyces glaucescens. Tetrahedron 47: 6029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Brockmann H, Loeschcke V (1955) Actinomycetenfarbstoffe, IV. Mitteil.: Über die Konstitution des Actinorhodins und die Isolierung des Proto-actinorhodins. Chem Ber 88: 778

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Brockmann H, Pini H, von Plotho O (1950) Über Actinomycetenfarbstoffe, I. Mitteil.: Actinorhodin, ein roter, antibiotisch wirksamer Farbstoff aus Actinomy-ceten. Chem Ber 83: 161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Brockmann H, Hieronymus E (1955) Über Actinomycetenfarbstoffe, V. Mitteil.: Zur Konstitution des Actinorhodins, III. Mitteil. Chem Ber 88: 1379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Brockmann H, van der Merve K (1962) Abbau des Actinorhodins mit Diazome-than. Naturwissenschaften 49: 130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Brockmann H, Müller W, van der Merve K (1962) Die Konstitution des Actinorhodins. Naturwissenschaften 49: 131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. Zeeck A, Christiansen P (1969) Konformation und Absolute Konfiguration des Actinorhodins. Liebigs Ann 724: 172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  400. Brockmann H, Zeeck A, van der Merwe K, Müller W (1966) Die Konstitution des Actinorhodins. Liebigs Ann 698: 209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Brockmann H, Zeeck A (1968) Zur Tautomeric des Actinorhodins und 2.2′-Binaphtharazins. Chem Ber 101: 4221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. Krone B, Zeeck A (1987) 13C-NMR and CD Spectroscopy with Isochromanqui-nones — Potent Methods to Determine the Stereochemistry and the Tautomeric Equilibrium in This Group of Antibiotics. Liebigs Ann 751

    Google Scholar 

  403. Krone B, Zeeck A (1983) Bestimmung der Verknüpfung dimerer Isochromanchi-none durch Diazomethan-Abbau. Liebigs Ann 510

    Google Scholar 

  404. Zeeck A, Zähner H, Mardin M (1974) Isolierung und Konstitution der Isochro-manchinon-Antibiotica β- und γ-Naphthocyclinon. Liebigs Ann 1100

    Google Scholar 

  405. Krone B, Zeeck A (1983) Neue Isochromanchinon-Antibiotica der Naphthocyc-linon-Reihe. Liebigs Ann 471

    Google Scholar 

  406. Ling D, Shield LS, Rinehart Jr. KL (1986) Isolation and Structure Determination of Crisamicin A, A New Antibiotic from Micromonospora purpureochromogenes subsp. halotolerans. J Antibiot 39: 345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. Nelson RA, Pope Jr. JA, Luedemann GM, McDaniel LE, Schaffner CP (1986) Crisamicin A, A New Antibiotic from Micromonospora. I: Taxonomy of the Producing Strain, Fermentation, Isolation, Physico-chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties. J Antibiot 39: 335

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. Yeo W-H, Yun B-S, Back N-I, Kim Y-H, Kim S-S, Park E-K, Whang K-S, Yu S-H (1997) 9-Hydroxycrisamicin A, a New Cytotoxic Isochromanquinone Antibiotic Produced by Micromonospora sp. SA246. J Antibiot 50: 546

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  409. Bystrykh LV, Fernandez-Moreno MA, Herrema JK, Malpartida F, Hopwood DA, Dijkhuizen L (1996) Production of actinorhodin-related “blue pigments” by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 178: 2238

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Yeo W-H, Lee O-K, Yun B-S, Woo J-S, Kim Y-K, Park E-K, Kim S-S, Kim Y-H, Kim S-K, Yoo I-D, Whang K-S, Yu S-H (1998) 1-Hydroxycrisamicin A, a New Isochromanquinone Antibacterial Antibiotic, Produced by Micromonospora sp. SA246. J Antibiot 51: 82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. Toki S, Ando K, Yoshida M, Kawamoto I, Sano H, Matsuda Y (1992) ES-242–1, a Novel Compound from Verticillium sp., Binds to a Site on N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor that is Coupled to the Channel Domain. J Antibiot 45: 88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. Toki S, Ando K, Kawamoto I, Sano H, Yoshida M, Matsuda Y (1992) ES-242–2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-7, and -8, Novel Bioxanthracenes Produced by Verticillium sp., Which Act on the N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor. J Antibiot 45: 1047

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. Buchanan MS, Gill M, Yu J (1997) Pigments of Fungi. Part 43: Cardinalins 1–6, Novel Pyranonaphthoquinones from the Fungus Dermocybe cardinalis Horak. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 919

    Google Scholar 

  414. Buchanan MS, Gill M, Yu J (1997) Pigments of Fungi. Part 45. The Cardinalins 8–12, Unique Pre-naphthoquinone Dehydro Dimers from the New Zealand Toadstool Dermocybe cardinalis. Aust J Chem 50: 1081

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  415. Gill M (1995) Pigments of Australasian Dermocybe Toadstools. Aust J Chem 48: 1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  416. Tatsuta K, Yamazaki T, Mase T, Yoshimoto T (1998) The First Total Synthesis of a Bioxanthracene (-)-ES-242–4, an N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist. Tetrahedron Lett 39: 1771

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  417. Yabuta T, Sumiki Y (1937) Chemical Constituents of “Inekoji”, Ustilaginoidea virens. IV. Organic Acids. J Agr Chem Soc Japan 13: 103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. Yabuta T, Sumiki Y (1937) Chemical Constitution of Ustilaginoidin, a Red Pigment. J Agr Chem Soc Japan 13: 106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. Yabuta T, Sumiki Y, Igarashi H (1937) Chemical Constitution of Ustilaginoidin. J Agr Chem Soc Japan 13: 110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Yabuta T, Sumiki Y, Anno K (1940) Chemical Constituents of “Inekoji”. VII. The Red Pigment, Ustilaginoidin. J Agr Chem Soc Japan 16: 1159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  421. Shibata S, Ohta A, Ogihara Y (1963) Metabolic Products of Fungi. XXI: On Ustilaginoidins (1) The Reactions of Ustilaginoidin A. Chem Pharm Bull 11: 1174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. Shibata S, Ogihara Y, Ohta A (1963) Metabolic Products of Fungi. XXII: On Ustilaginoidins (2) The Structure of Ustilaginoidin A. Chem Pharm Bull 11: 1179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  423. Shibata S, Ogihara Y (1963) Metabolic Products of Fungi. XXIII: On Ustilaginoidins (3) The Structures of Ustilaginoidins B and C. Chem Pharm Bull 11: 1576

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  424. Koyama K, Natori S, Iitaka Y (1987) Absolute Configurations of Chaetochromin A and Related Bis(naphtho-y-pyrone) Mold Metabolites. Chem Pharm Bull 35: 4049

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. Shibata S, Ogihara Y (1963) The Absolute Configurations of Ustilaginoidins. Tetrahedron Lett 1777

    Google Scholar 

  426. Koyama K, Natori S (1988) Further Characterization of Seven Bis(naphtho-γ-pyrone) Congeners of Ustilaginoidins, Coloring Matters of Claviceps virens (Ustilaginoidea virens). Chem Pharm Bull 36: 146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  427. Matsumoto M, Minato H, Kondo E, Mitsugi T, Katagiri K (1975) Cephalochro-min, Dihydroisoustilaginoidin A, and Isoustilaginoidin A from Verticillium Species K-113. J Antibiot 28: 602

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  428. Koyama K, Aida S, Natori S (1990) Supplemental Observations on Atropisom-erism of Fungal Bis(naphtho-7-pyrone)s. Chem Pharm Bull 38: 2259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  429. Sekita S, Yoshihira K, Natori S (1980) Chaetochromin, a Bis(naphthodihydropy-ran-4-one) Mycotoxin from Chaetomium thielavioideum: Application of 13C-1H-Long-range Coupling to the Structure Elucidation. Chem Pharm Bull 28: 2428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  430. Sekita S, Yoshihira K, Natori S, Udagawa S, Muroi T, Sugiyama Y, Kurata H, Umeda M (1981) Mycotoxin Production by Chaetomium spp. and related Fungi. Can J Microbiol 27: 766

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  431. Koyama K, Natori S (1987) Chaetochromins B, C and D, Bis(naphtho-γ-pyrone) Derivatives from Chaetomium gracile. Chem Pharm Bull 35: 578

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. Tertzakian G, Haskins RH, Slater GP, Nesbitt LR (1964) The Structure of Cephalochromin. Proc Chem Soc 195

    Google Scholar 

  433. Haskins RH, Knapp C (1969) Cephalosporium Species PRL 2070 and the Production of Cephalochromin. Can J Microbiol 15: 435

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  434. Carey ST, Nair MSR (1975) Metabolites of Pyrenomycetes. V. Identification of an Antibiotic from two Species of Nectria, as Cephalochromin. Lloydia 38: 448

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  435. Shibata S (1967) Chemistry and Biosynthesis of some Fungal Metabolites. Chem Br 110

    Google Scholar 

  436. Tanaka H, Wang PL, Yamada O, Tamura T (1966) Yellow Pigments of Aspergillus niger and A. awamori. I. Isolation of Aurasperone A and Related Pigments. Agr Biol Chem 30: 107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  437. Wang P-L, Tanaka H (1966) Yellow Pigments of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori. II: Chemical Structure of Aurasperone A. Agric Biol Chem 30: 683

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  438. Tanaka H, Wang P-L, Namiki M (1972) Yellow Pigments of Aspergillus niger and A. awamori. III. Structure of Aurasperone C. Agr Biol Chem 36: 2511

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  439. Gorst-Allman CP, Steyn PS, Rabie CJ (1980) Structural Elucidation of the Nigerones, Four New Naphthopyrones from Cultures of Aspergillus niger. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2474

    Google Scholar 

  440. Morishita E, Shibata S (1967) Metabolie Products of Fungi. XXVII: Synthesis of racemic Ustilaginoidins A and Its Related Compounds (2). Synthesis of racemic Ustilaginoidin A. Chem Pharm Bull 15: 1772

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  441. Blank F, Ng AS, Just G (1966) Metabolites of Pathogenic Fungi. Can J Chem 44: 2873

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  442. Ng AS, Just G, Blank F (1969) Metabolites of Pathogenic Fungi. VII: On the Structure and Stereochemistry of Xanthomegnin, Vioxanthin, and Viopurpurin, Pigments from Trichophyton violaceum. Can J Chem 47: 1223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  443. Zeeck A, Ruß P, Laatsch H, Loeffler W, Wehrle H, Zähner H, Holst H (1979) Isolierung des Antibioticums semi-Vioxanthin aus Penicillium citreo-viride und Synthese des Xanthomegins. Chem Ber 112: 957

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  444. Weisleder D, Lillehoj EB (1971) Structure of Viriditoxin, a Toxic Metabolite of Aspergillus viridi-nutans. Tetrahedron Lett 4705

    Google Scholar 

  445. Lillehoj EB, Milburn MS (1973) Viriditoxin Production by Aspergillus viridenutans and Related Species. Appl Microbiol 26: 202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  446. Jiu J, Mizuba S (1974) Metabolic Products from Spicaria divaricata. J Antibiot 27: 760

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. Mizuba S, Hsu C, Jiu J (1977) A Third Metabolite from Spicaria divaricata. J Antibiot 30: 670

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  448. Suzuki K, Nozawa K, Nakajima S, Kawai K-i (1990) Structure Revision of Mycotoxin, Viriditoxin, and its Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull 38: 3180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  449. Arnone A, Assante G, Montorsi M, Nasini G (1995) Asteromine, a Bioactive Secondary Metabolite from a Strain of Mycosphaerella asteroma. Phytochemistry 38: 595

    Google Scholar 

  450. Toki S, Tsukuda E, Nozawa M, Nonaka H, Yoshida M, Matsuda Y (1992) The ES-242s, Novel V-Methyl-D-aspartate Antagonists of Microbial Origin, Interact With Both the Neurotransmitter Recognition Site and the Ion Channel Domain. J Biol Chem 267: 14884

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  451. Koyama K, Ominato K, Natori S, Tashiro T, Tsuruo T (1988) Cytotoxicity and Antitumor Activities of Fungal Bis(naphtho-γ-pyrone) Derivatives. J Pharmaco-bio-Dyn 11: 630

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  452. Ito Y, Ohtsubo K (1982) Exencephaly in Mice Induced by Feeding Chaetochromin-containing Diet. Maikotokishin 16: 22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  453. Ito Y, Ohtsubo K (1987) Teratogenicity of Oral Chaetochromin, a Polyphenols Mycotoxin Produced by Chaetomium spp., to Mice Embryo. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 39: 299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  454. Lillehoj EB, Ciegler A (1972) Toxic Substance from Aspergillus viride-nutans. Can J Microbiol 18: 193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  455. Kitanaka S, Takido M (1990) Studies on the Constituents of the Roots of Cassia tor osa. II: The Structures of Two Dimeric Tetrahydroanthracenes. Chem Pharm Bull 38: 1292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  456. Dreyer DL, Arai I, Bachman CD, Anderson Jr. WR, Smith RG, Daves Jr. GD (1975) Toxins Causing Noninflammatory Paralytic Neuronopathy. Isolation and Structure Elucidation. J Am Chem Soc 97: 4985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  457. Steglich W (1980) Pigments of Higher Fungi (Macromycetes). In: Czygan F-C (ed) Pigments in Plants. G. Fischer, p 393

    Google Scholar 

  458. Steglich W, Oertel B (1984) Untersuchungen zur Konstitution und Verbreitung der Farbstoffe von Cortinarius, Untergattung Phlegmacium (Agaricales). Sydowia 37: 284

    Google Scholar 

  459. Gill M, Steglich W (1987) Pigments of Fungi (Macromycetes). In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 51. Springer, p 150

    Google Scholar 

  460. Suemitsu R, Yamamoto T, Miyai T, Ueshima T (1987) Alterporriol A: A Modified Bianthraquinone from Alternaria porri. Phytochemistry 26: 3221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  461. Suemitsu R, Ueshima T, Yamamoto T, Yanagawase S (1988) Alterporriol C: A Modified Bianthraquinone from Alternaria porri. Phytochemistry 27: 3251

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  462. Ogihara Y, Kobayashi N, Shibata S (1968) Further Studies on the Bianthraqui-nones of Penicillium islandicum Sopp. Tetrahedron Lett 1881

    Google Scholar 

  463. Brockmann H, Eggers H (1955) Die Konstitution des Penicilliopsins. Angew Chem 67: 706

    Google Scholar 

  464. Steglich W, Töpfer-Petersen E (1972) Phlegmacin und Anhydrophlegmacin, neuartige Farbstoffe aus dem Anisklumpfuß, Cortinarius odorifer (Agaricales). Z Naturforsch 27b: 1286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  465. Steglich W, Töpfer-Petersen E, Pils I (1973) Neue Phlegmacin-Derivate aus Cortinarius percomis (Agaricales). Z Naturforsch 28c: 354

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  466. Briggs LH, Le Quesne PW (1965) Chemistry of Fungi. Part II. Constituents of Three Endothia Species. J Chem Soc (C) 2290

    Google Scholar 

  467. Kosemura S, Uotsu S, Yamamura S (1995) Citreoanthrasteroid, a New Metabolite of a Hybrid Strain KO 0011 Derived from Penicillium citreo-viride B. IFO 6200 and 4692. Tetrahedron Lett 36: 7481

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  468. Gill M, Giménez A (1991) Austrovenetin, the Principal Pigment of the Toadstool Dermocybe austroveneta. Phytochemistry 30: 951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  469. Steglich W, Töpfer-Petersen E (1973) Neue Pigmente vom Flavomannin-Typ aus Cortinarius vitellinus (Agaricales). Z Naturforsch 28c: 255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  470. Atherton J, Bycroft BW, Roberts JC, Roffey P, Wilcox ME (1968) Studies in Mycological Chemistry. Part XXIII. The Structure of Flavomannin, a Metabolite of Pénicillium wortmanni Klöck. J Chem Soc (C) 2560

    Google Scholar 

  471. Shibata S, Takido M, Ohta A, Kurosu T (1957) Metabolic Products of Fungi. XIII: The Structure of Oxyskyrin. Chem Pharm Bull 5: 573

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  472. Natori S, Sato F, Udagawa S-i (1965) Anthraquinone Metabolites of Talaromyces avellaneus (Thorn et Turreson) C.R. Benjamin and Preussia multispora (Saito et Minoura) Cain. Chem Pharm Bull 13: 385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  473. Steglich W, Töpfer-Petersen E, Reininger W, Gluchoff K, Arpin N (1972) Isolation of Flavomannin-6,6’-Dimethyl Ether and One of Its Racemates from Higher Fungi. Phytochemistry 11: 3299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  474. Tsuji N (1968) Studies on Julimycins-I: The Structure of Julimycin B-II. Tetrahedron 24: 1765

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  475. Tsuji N, Nagashima K (1968) Studies on Julimycins-II: The Stereochemistry of Julimycin B-II. Tetrahedron 24: 4233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  476. Tsuji N, Nagashima K, Kimura T, Kyotani H (1969) Studies on Julimycins. III: The Isolation and Purification of Minor Components. Tetrahedron 25: 2999

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  477. Tsuji N, Nagashima K (1969) Studies on Julimycins-IV: The Structures of Julichromes Q1.3, Q2.3, Q1.4, and Q3.4. Tetrahedron 25: 3007

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  478. Tsuji N, Nagashima K (1969) Studies on Julimycins-V: The Configurations and Conformations of Julichrome Q1.3 and its C9-Epimer. Tetrahedron 25: 3017

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  479. Tsuji N, Nagashima K (1970) Studies on Julimycins-VL The Structures of Julichromes Q1.2, Q2.2, Gl.5, Q3.5, Q4.5, Q2.5 and Q5.5. Tetrahedron 26: 5719

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  480. Tsuji N, Nagashima K (1971) Studies on Julimycins-VII: The Structures of Julichromes Q1.6, Q6.6 and Q5.6 . Tetrahedron 27: 1557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  481. Tsuji N, Nagashima K (1970) Studies on Julimycins-VIII: The Structures of Julichromes Q1.7, Q8.8, Q3.8, Q3.3 and Q1.9. Tetrahedron 26: 5201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  482. Davies DG, Hodge P (1974) Chemisty of Quinones Part V: Structure of Cladofulvin, a Bianthraquinone from Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2403

    Google Scholar 

  483. Takeda N, Seo S, Ogihara Y, Sankawa U, Kitagawa I, Shibata S (1973) Studies on Fungal Metabolites- XXXI: Anthraquinonoid Colouring Matters of Pénicillium islandicum Sopp and Some Other Fungi: (-)Luteoskyrin, (-)Rubroskyrin, (+)Ru-gulosin and Their Related Compounds. Tetrahedron 29: 3703

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  484. Steglich W, Jedtke K-F (1976) Neue Anthrachinonfarbstoffe aus Solorina crocea. Z Naturforsch 31c: 197

    Google Scholar 

  485. Dutta NL, Ghosh AC, Nair PM, Venkataraman K (1964) The Structure of Cassiamin: A New Plant Pigment. Tetrahedron Lett 3023

    Google Scholar 

  486. Patil VB, Rao AVR, Venkataraman K (1970) Cassiamin A, B & C, Three 2,2-Bianthraquinonyls in Cassia siamea. Indian J Chem 8: 109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  487. El-Gamal AA, Takeya K, Itokawa H, Halim AF, Amer MM, Saad H-EA, Awad SA (1995) Anthraquinones from Galium sinaicum. Phytochemistry 40: 245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  488. Alemayehu G, Hailu A, Abegaz BM (1996) Bianthraquinones from Senna didymobotrya. Phytochemistry 42: 1423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  489. Yagi A, Makino K, Nishioka I (1978) Studies on the Constituents of Aloe saponaria Haw. IV: The Structures of Bianthraquinoid Pigments. Chem Pharm Bull 26: 1111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  490. Kitanaka S, Takido M (1995) (SJ’-Biphyscion 8-Glucoside from Cassia tor osa. Phytochemistry 39: 717

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  491. Alemayehu G, Abegaz B, Snatzke G, Duddeck H (1988) Bianthraquinones and a spermidine Alkaloid from Cassia floribunda. Phytochemistry 27: 3255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  492. Alemayehu G, Woldeyesus B, Abegaz BM (1997) (+)-Floribundone 3 from the Pods of Senna septemtrionalis. Bull Chem Soc Ethiop 11: 25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  493. Gonzalez AG, Freire R, Hernandez R, Salazar JA, Suârez E (1973) Asphodelin and Microcarpin, two new bianthraquinones from Asphodelus microcarpus. Chem Ind 851

    Google Scholar 

  494. Singh V, Singh J, Sharma JP (1992) Anthraquinones from Heartwood of Cassia siamea. Phytochemistry 31: 2176

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  495. Kitanaka S, Takido M (1994) Bitetrahydroanthracenes from Flowers of Cassia torosa Cav. Chem Pharm Bull 42: 2588

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  496. Adinolfi M, Lanzetta R, Marciano CE, Parrilli M, De Giulio A (1991) A New Class of Anthraquinone-Anthrone-C-Glycosides from Asphodelus ramosus Tubers. Tetrahedron 47: 4435

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  497. Kitanaka S, Takido M (1982) Dimeric Hydroanthracenes from the Unripe Seeds of Cassia torosa. Phytochemistry 21: 2103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  498. Buckley DG, Ritchie E, Taylor WC, Young LM (1972) Madagascarin, A New Pigment from the Leaves of Harungana madagascariensis. Aust J Chem 25: 843

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  499. Alemayehu G, Abegaz BM (1996) Bianthraquinones from the seeds of Senna multiglandulosa. Phytochemistry 41: 919

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  500. Tiwari RD, Singh J (1977) Anthraquinone Pigments from Cassia occidentalis. Planta Med 32: 375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  501. Takahashi S, Kitanaka S, Takido M, Sankawa U, Shibata S (1977) Phlegmacins and Anhydrophlegmacinquinones: Dimeric Hydroanthracenes from Seedlings of Cassia torosa. Phytochemistry 16: 999

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  502. Endo M, Naoki H (1980) Antimicrobial and Antispasmodic Tetrahydroanthrac-enes from Cassia singueana. Tetrahedron 36: 2449

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  503. Kitanaka S, Takido M (1989) Two New Bitetrahydroanthracenes from Roots of Cassia occidentalis. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 511

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  504. Abegaz BM, Bezabeh M, Alemayehu G, Duddeck H (1994) Anthraquinones from Senna multiglandulosa. Phytochemistry 35: 465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  505. Alemayehu G, Abegaz BM, Kraus W (1998) A 1,4-Anthraquinone-Dihydroanth-racenone Dimer from Senna sophera. Phytochemistry 48: 699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  506. Checcucci G, Shoemaker RS, Bini E, Cerny R, Tao N, Hyon J-S, Gioffre D, Ghetti F, Lenci F, Song P-S (1997) Chemical Structure of Blepharismin, the Photosensor Pigment for Blepharisma japonicum. J Am Chem Soc 119: 5762

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  507. Spitzner D, Höfle G, Klein I, Pohlan S, Ammermann D, Jaenicke L (1998) On the Structure of Oxyblepharismin and its Formation from Blepharismin. Tetrahedron Lett 39: 4003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  508. Banks HJ, Cameron DW, Raverty WD (1976) Chemistry of the Coccoidea. II Condensed Polycyclic Pigments from Two Australian Pseudococcids (Hemiptera). Aust J Chem 29: 1509

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  509. Rideout JA, Sutherland MD (1985) Pigments of Marine Animals. XV Bianthrones and Related Polyketides from Lamprometra palmata gyges and Other Species of Crinoids. Aust J Chem 38: 793

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  510. Fujitake N, Suzuki T, Fukumoto M, Oji Y (1998) Predomination of Dimers over Naturally Occuring Anthraquinones in Soil. J Nat Prod 61: 189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  511. McGrath D (1970) Chrysotalunin: A New Bianthraquinone from Soil. Chem Ind 1353

    Google Scholar 

  512. Gill M, Giménez A, Jhingran AG, Palfreyman AR (1990) The First Determination of Central Chirality in a Coupled 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroanthracen-l(2H)-one. Aust J Chem 43: 1475

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  513. Gill M, Giménez A, Jhingran AG, Palfreyman AR (1990) Pigments of Fungi. Part 19: A Degradative Method for the Determination of Central Chirality in Naturally Occurring 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroanthracen-l(2H)-ones: Application to Pigments of the Flavomannin Type. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1: 621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  514. Elsworth C, Gill M, Giménez A, Milanovic NM, Raudies E (1999) Pigments of Fungi. Part 50. Structure, Biosynthesis and Stereochemistry of New Dimeric Dihydroanthracenones of the Phlegmacin Type from Cortinarius sinapicolor Cleland. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 119

    Google Scholar 

  515. François G, Steenackers T, Aké Assi L, Steglich W, Lamottke K, Holenz J, Bringmann G (1999) Vismione H and structurally related anthranoid compounds of natural and synthetic origin as promising drugs against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: structure-activity relationships. Parasitol Res 85: 582

    Google Scholar 

  516. Steglich W, Müller M, Lamottke K, Busemann S, Bringmann G, unpublished results

    Google Scholar 

  517. Cameron DW, Riches AG (1997) Synthesis of Stentorin. Aust J Chem 50: 409

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  518. Cameron DW, Raverty WD (1976) Pseudohypericin and Other Phenanthroperyl-ene Quinones. Aust J Chem 29: 1523

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  519. Etzlstorfer C, Falk H, Müller N, Tran TNH (1996) Structural Aspects and Electronic Absorption of the Hydroxyphenanthroperylene Quinones Fringelit D, Hypericin, and Stentorin. Monatsh Chem 127: 659

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  520. Falk H (1999) From the Photosensitizer Hypericin to the Photoreceptor Stentorin -The Chemistry of Phenanthroperylene Quinones. Angew Chem 111: 3306; Angew Chem Int Ed 38: 3116

    Google Scholar 

  521. Maeda M, Naoki H, Matsuoka T, Kato Y, Kotsuki H, Utsumi K, Tanaka T (1997) Blepharismin 1–5, Novel Photoreceptor from the Unicellular Organism Blepharisma japonicum. Tetrahedron Lett 38: 7411

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  522. Sachdev K, Kulshreshtha DK (1986) Phenolic Constituents of Coelogyne ovalis. Phytochemistry 25: 499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  523. Majumder PL, Banerjee S (1988) A Ring-B Oxygenated Phenanthrene Derivative from the Orchid Bulbophyllum gymnopus. Phytochemistry 27: 245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  524. Majumder PL, Lahiri S (1990) Lusianthrin and Lusianthridin, two Stilbenoids from the Orchid Lusia indivisa. Phytochemistry 29: 621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  525. Majumder PL, Ghosal S (1993) Two Stilbenoids from the Orchid Arundina bambusifolia. Phytochemistry 32: 439

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  526. Majumder PL, Ghosal S (1994) Two Stilbenoids from the Orchid Arundina bambusifolia. Phytochemistry 35: 205

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  527. Majumder P, Laha S, Datta N (1982) Coelonin, a 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene from the Orchids Coelogyne ochracea and Coelogyne elata. Phytochemistry 21: 478

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  528. Juneja RK, Sharma SC, Tandon JS (1987) Two Substituted Bibenzyls and a Dihydrophenanthrene from Cymbidium aloifolium. Phytochemistry 26: 1123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  529. Majumder PL, Kar A (1989) Erianol, a 4β-Methylsterol from the Orchid Eria convallarioides. Phytochemistry 28: 1487

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  530. Shimizu M, Shogawa H, Hayashi T, Arisawa M, Suzuki S, Yoshizaki M, Morita N, Ferro E, Basualdo I, Berganza LH (1988) Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. III: Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug “Tamandâ cuná” (Catasetum barbatum Lindle). Chem Pharm Bull 36: 4447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  531. Tezuka Y, Hirano H, Kikuchi T, Xu G-J (1991) Constituents of Ephemerantha lonchophylla; Isolation and Structure Elucidation of New Phenolic Compounds, Ephemeranthol-A, Ephemeranthol-B, and Ephemeranthoquinone, and of a New Diterpene Glucoside, Ephemeranthoside. Chem Pharm Bull 39: 593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  532. Majumder PL, Banerjee S, Sen S (1996) Three Stilbenoids from the Orchid Agrostophyllum callosum. Phytochemistry 42: 847

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  533. Yamaki M, Honda C (1996) The Stilbenoids from Dendrobium plicatile. Phytochemistry 43: 207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  534. Bai L, Yamaki M, Takagi S (1996) Stilbenoids from Pleione bulbocodioides. Phytochemistry 42: 853

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  535. Majumder PL, Joardar M (1985) Erianthridin, a new 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Derivative from the Orchids Eria carinata & Eria stricta. Indian J Chem Sect B 24B: 1192

    Google Scholar 

  536. Tezuka Y, Ueda M, Kikuchi T (1989) Studies on the Constituents of Orchidaceous Plants. VIII: Constituents of Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames var. amoena (M. Bieberson) Hara (1). Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Spiranthol-A, Spiranthol-B, and Spirasineol-A, New Isopentenyldihydrophenanthrenes. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 3195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  537. Fisch MH, Flick BH, Arditti J (1973) Structure and Antifungal Activity of Hircinol, Loroglossol and Orchinol. Phytochemistry 12: 437

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  538. Tuchinda P, Udchachon J, Khumtaveeporn K, Taylor WC, Engelhardt LM, White AH (1988) Phenanthrenes of Eulophia nuda. Phytochemistry 27: 3267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  539. Tezuka Y, Nagashima K, Hirano H, Kikuchi T (1989) Spiranthesol, A Dimeric Dihydrophenanthrene from the Roots of Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames Var. amoena (M. Bieberson) Hara. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 1667

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  540. Tezuka Y, Ji L, Hirano H, Ueda M, Nagashima K, Kikuchi T (1990) Studies on the Constituents of Orchidaceous Plants. IX: Constituents of Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames var. amoena (M. Bieberson) Hara. (2) Structures of Spiranthesol, Spiranthoquinone, Spiranthol-C, and Spirasineol-B, New Isopentenyldihydrophenanth-renes. Chem Pharm Bull 38: 629

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  541. Majumder PL, Pal A, Joardar M (1990) Cirrhopetalanthrin, a dimeric Phenanth-rene Derivative from the Orchid Cirrhopetalum maculosum. Phytochemistry 29: 271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  542. Majumder PL, Lahiri S (1990) Volucrin, a new dimeric Phenanthrene Derivative from the Orchid Lusia volucris. Tetrahedron 46: 3621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  543. Majumder PL, Banerjee S (1988) Structure of Flavanthrin, The First Dimeric 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Derivative from the Orchid Eria flava. Tetrahedron 44: 7303

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  544. Hata K, Baba K, Kozawa M (1979) Chemical Studies on the Heartwood of Cassia garrettiana Craib. II: Nonanthraquinonic Constituents. Chem Pharm Bull 27: 984

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  545. Letcher RM, Nhamo LRM (1972) Chemical Constituents of the Combretaceae. Part. III: Substituted Phenanthrenes, 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes, and Bibenzyls from the Heartwood of Combretum psidioides. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2941

    Google Scholar 

  546. Malan E, Swinny E (1993) Substituted Bisbenzyls, Phenanthrenes and 9,10-Dihydophenanthrenes from the Heartwood of Combretum apiculatum. Phytochemistry 34: 1139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  547. Sekine T, Fukasawa N, Murakoshi I, Ruangrungsi N (1997) A 9,10-Dihydroph-enanthrene from Asparagus racemosus. Phytochemistry 44: 763

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  548. Matsuda Y, Kase H (1987) KS-619–1, A New Inhibitor of Ca2 + and Calmodulin-Dependent Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesteease from Streptomyces calif or nicus. J Antibiot:40 1104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  549. Tsunakawa M, Nishio M, Ohkuma H, Tsuno T, Konishi M, Naito T, Oki T, Kawaguchi H (1989) The Structures of Pradimicins A, B, and C: A Novel Family of Antifungal Antibiotics. J Org Chem 54: 2532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  550. Kakushima M, Sawada Y, Nishio M, Tsuno T, Oki T (1989) Biosynthesis of Pradimicin A. J Org Chem 54: 2536

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  551. Aknin M, Samb A, Mirailles J, Costantino V, Fattorusso E, Mangoni A (1992) Polysiphenol, a New Brominated 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene from the Senegalese Red Alga Polysyphonia ferulacea. Tetrahedron Lett 33: 555

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  552. Amann T, Zenk MH (1996) Endogenes Morphin. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 136: 519

    Google Scholar 

  553. Wu T-S, Chan Y-Y, Leu Y-L (1998) Aristolide-A and -B, Two Novel Dihydroph-enanthrene-Lactones from Aristolochia heterophylla Hemsl. Chem Pharm Bull 46: 370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  554. Li W-K, Pan J-Q, Lü M-J, Zhang R-Y, Xiao P-G (1995) A 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Derivate from Epimedium koreanum. Phytochemistry 39: 231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  555. Matsushita H, Miyase T, Ueno A (1991) Lignan and Terpene Glycosides from Epimedium sagittatum. Phytochemistry 30: 2025

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  556. Miyase T, Ueno A, Takizawa N, Kobayashi H, Karasawa H (1987) Studies on the Glucosides of Epimedium grandiflorum MORR. var. thunbergianum (MIQ.) NAKAI. I. Chem Pharm Bull 35: 1109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  557. Miyase T, Ueno A, Takizawa N, Kobayashi H, Oguchi H (1988) Studies on the Glucosides of Epimedium grandiflorum MORR. var. thunbergianum (MIQ.) NAKAI. III. Chem Pharm Bull 36: 2475

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  558. Sun P, Ye W, Zhao J, Pei Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Ogihara Y, Takeda T (1995) Studies on the Constituents of Epimedium koreanum. Chem Pharm Bull 43: 703

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  559. Miyase T, Ueno A (1991) Ionone and Bibenzyl Glycosides from Epimedium grandiflorum var. thunbergianum. Phytochemistry 30: 1727

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  560. Toyota M, Yoshida T, Kan Y, Takaoka S, Asakawa Y (1996) (+)-Cavicularin: A Novel Optically Active Cyclic Bibenzyl Dihydrophenanthrene Derivative from the Liverwort Cavicularia densa Steph. Tetrahedron Lett 37: 4745

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  561. Nagashima F, Momosaki S, Watanabe Y, Toyota M, Huneck S, Asakawa Y (1996) Terpenoids and Aromatic Compounds from Six Liverworts. Phytochemistry 41: 207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  562. Maillard MP, Recio-Iglesias M-C, Saadou M, Stoeckli-Evans H, Hostettmann K (1991) Novel Antifungal Tetracyclic Compounds from Bauhinia rufescens Lam. Helv Chim Acta 74: 791

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  563. Crombie L, Crombie WML (1982) Natural Products of Thailand High A7-THC-Strain Cannabis. The Bibenzyl-spiran-dihydrophenanthrene Group: Relations With Cannabinoids and Canniflavones. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1455

    Google Scholar 

  564. Letcher RM, Nhamo LRM (1971) Chemical Constituents of the Combretaceae. Part I. Substituted Phenanthrenes and 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes from the Heartwood of Combretum apiculatum. J Chem Soc (C) 3070

    Google Scholar 

  565. Letcher RM, Nhamo LRM,GIT(p (1972) Chemical Constituents of the Combretaceae. Part II. Substituted Phenanthrenes and 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes and a Substituted Bibenzyl from the Heartwood of Combretum molle. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 206

    Google Scholar 

  566. Letcher RM, Nhamo LRM (1973) Chemical Constituents of the Combretaceae. Part IV. Phenanthrene Derivatives from the Heartwood of Combretum hereroense. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1179

    Google Scholar 

  567. Coxon DT, Ogundana SK, Dennis C (1982) Antifungal Phenanthrenes in Yam tubers. Phytochemistry 21: 1389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  568. Pettit GR, Singh SB, Niven ML, Schmidt JM (1988) Cell Growth Inhibitory Dihydrophenanthrene and Phenanthrene Constituents of the African Tree Combretum caffrum. Can J Chem 66: 406

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  569. Rajaraman K, Rangaswami S (1975) Structures of Two New 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes from Dioscorea prazeri. Indian J Chem 13: 1137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  570. Biswas M, Som UK, Ghosh PK, Dutta CP, Banerji A (1988) Prazerol, a New 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Derivative Isolated from Dioscorea prazeri. Tetrahedron 44: 4871

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  571. Wij M, Rangaswami S (1978) Chemical Components of Dioscorea bulbifera: Isolation & Structure of a New Dihydrophenanthrene (2,4,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene) & a New Phenanthrene (2,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyphenanth-rene). Indian J Chem 16B: 643

    Google Scholar 

  572. Sunder R, Rangaswami S, Reddy GCS (1978) A New Dihydrophenanthrene from Dioscorea decipiens. Phytochemistry 17: 1067

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  573. De Alvarenga MA, Gottlieb OR (1974) Methyl- and Methylthio-Phenanthrenes from Micrandropsis scleroxylon. Phytochemistry 13: 1283

    Google Scholar 

  574. De Alvarenga MA, Gottlieb OR, Magalhaes MT (1976) Methylphenanthrenes from Sagotia racemosa. Phytochemistry 15: 844

    Google Scholar 

  575. Fukai T, Wang Q-H, Nomura T (1991) Six Prenylated Phenols from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Phytochemistry 30: 1245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  576. Delle Monache F, Delle Monache G, Cavalcanti JF, Pinheiro RM (1987) An Unexpected Dihydrophenanthrene from Clusiaparalycola. Tetrahedron Lett 28: 563

    Google Scholar 

  577. Anton H, Kraut L, Mues R, Morales Z. MI (1997) Phenanthrenes and Bibenzyls from a Plagiochila Species. Phytochemistry 46: 1069

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  578. Delia Greca M, Fiorentino A, Mangoni L, Molinaro A, Monaco P, Previtera L (1993) Cytotoxic 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes from Juncus effusus L. Tetrahedron 49: 3425

    Google Scholar 

  579. Delia Greca M, Fiorentino A, Mangoni L, Molinaro A, Monaco P, Previtera L (1992) 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Metabolites from Juncus effusus L. Tetrahedron Lett 33: 5257

    Google Scholar 

  580. Miles DH, Bhattacharyya J, Mody NV, Atwood JL, Black S, Hedin PA (1977) The Structure of Juncusol; A Novel Cytotoxic Dihydrophenanthrene from Estuarine Marsh Plant Juncus roemerianus. J Am Chem Soc 99: 618

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  581. della Greca M, Monaco P, Previtera L, Zarrelli A (1997) Minor Bioactive Dihydrophenanthrenes from Juncus effusus. J Nat Prod 60: 1265

    Google Scholar 

  582. della Greca M, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Pinto G, Pollio A, Previtera L (1996) Action of antialgal compounds from Juncus effusus L. on Selenastrum capricor-nutum. J Chem Ecol 22: 587

    Google Scholar 

  583. della Greca M, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Previtera L, Zarelli A (1995) Tetrahydropyrene glucosides from Juncus effusus. Nat Prod Lett 7: 85

    Google Scholar 

  584. Miles DH, Rändle S (1981) Structure of Juncunone: A Biogenetically Intriguing Molecule from the Marsh Plant Juncus roemerianus. J Org Chem 46: 2813

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  585. Della Greca M, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Previtera L, Zarrelli A (1995) Effusides I-V: 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Glucosides from Juncus effusus. Phytochemistry 40: 533

    Google Scholar 

  586. Bhattacharyya J, Miles DH (1977) Structure of Juncunol, a Novel 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene from Juncus roemerianus. Tetrahedron Lett 32: 2749

    Google Scholar 

  587. Miles DH, Pelletier SW, Bhattacharyya J, Mody NV, Hedin PA (1978) Structural Studies on Juncusol. A Novel Cytotoxic 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Derivative from the Marsh Plant Juncus roemerianus. J Org Chem 43: 4371

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  588. Adam KP, Becker H (1994) Chemistry and biology of mosses. 68. Phenanthrenes and other phenolics from in vitro cultures of Marchantia polymorpha. Phytochemistry 35: 139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  589. Anuradha V, Rao NSP (1994) Praemorsin, a New Phenanthropyran from Acampae praemorsa. Phytochemistry 37: 909

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  590. Anuradha V, Prakasarao NS (1994) Revised Structure of Flavidinin from Acampae praemorsa. Phytochemistry 35: 273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  591. Majumder PL, Banerjee S, Lahiri S, Mukhoti N, Sen S (1998) Dimeric Phenanthrenes from two Agrostophyllum Species. Phytochemistry 47: 855

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  592. Majumder PL, Lahiri S, Mukhoti N (1996) Four Stilbenoids from the Orchid Agrostophyllum khasiyanum. Phytochemistry 42: 1157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  593. Yamaki M, Bai L, Inoue K, Takagi S (1989) Biphenanthrenes from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 28: 3503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  594. Bai L, Kato T, Inoue K, Yamaki M, Takagi S (1991) Blestrianol A, B and C, Biphenanthrenes from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 30: 2733

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  595. Takagi S, Yamaki M, Inoue K (1983) Antimicrobial Agents from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 22: 1011

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  596. Yamaki M, Bai L, Inoue K, Takagi S (1990) Benzylphenanthrenes from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 29: 2285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  597. Yamaki M, Bai L, Kato T, Inoue K, Takagi S (1993) Three Dihydrophenanthro-pyrans from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 32: 427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  598. Yamaki M, Kato T, Bai L, Inoue K, Takagi S (1991) Methylated Stilbenoids from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 30: 2759

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  599. Bai L, Kato T, Inoue K, Yamaki M, Takagi S (1993) Stilbenoids from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 33: 1481

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  600. Bai L, Yamaki M, Inoue K, Takagi S (1990) Blestrin A and B, Bis(dihydroph-enanthrene)ethers from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 29: 1259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  601. Yamaki M, Bai L, Kato T, Inoue K, Takagi S, Yamagata Y, Tomita K-i (1992) Bisphenanthrene Ethers from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 31: 3985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  602. Yamaki M, Kato T, Bai L, Inoue K, Takagi S (1993) Phenanthrene Glucosides from Bletilla striata. Phytochemistry 34: 535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  603. Majumder PL, Roychowdhury M(B, Chakraborty S (1997) Bibenzyl Derivatives from the Orchid Bulbophyllum protractum. Phytochemistry 44: 167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  604. Leong Y-W, Kang C-C, Harrison LJ, Powell AD (1997) Phenanthrenes, Dihydr-ophenanthrenes and Bibenzyls from the Orchid Bulbophyllum vaginatum. Phytochemistry 44: 157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  605. Majumder PL, Pal S, Majumder S (1999) Dimeric Phenanthrenes from the Orchid Bulbophyllum reptans. Phytochemistry 50: 891

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  606. Majumder PL, Basak M (1991) Two Stilbenoids from the Orchid Cirrhopetalum andersonii. Phytochemistry 30: 3429

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  607. Majumder PL, Maiti DC (1991) Isoflaccidinin and Isooxoflaccidin, Stilbenoids from Coelogyne flaccida. Phytochemistry 30: 971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  608. Majumder PL, Maiti DC (1989) Flaccidinin and Oxoflaccidin, Two Phenanthrene Derivatives of the Orchid Coelogyne flaccida. Phytochemistry 28: 887

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  609. Majumder PL, Banerjee S, Maiti DC, Sen S (1995) Stilbenoids from the Orchids Agrostophyllum callosum and Coelogyne flaccida. Phytochemistry 39: 649

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  610. Majumder PL, Datta N (1982) Structures of Flavidinin & Oxoflavidinin, Two New Modified 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes of the Orchid Coelogyne flavida. Indian J Chem 21B: 534

    Google Scholar 

  611. Majumder P, Bandyopadhyay D, Joardar S (1982) Coelogin and Coeloginin: Two Novel 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene Derivatives from the Orchid Coelogyne cristata. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1131

    Google Scholar 

  612. Majumder PL, Datta N (1984) Structure of Oxoflavidin, a 9,10-Dihydrophenan-thropyrone from Coelogyne elata. Phytochemistry 23: 671

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  613. Veerraju P, Rao NSP, Rao LJ, Rao KVJ, Rao PRM (1989) Amoenumin, a 9,10-Dihydro-5H-phenanthro-(4,5-b,c,d)-pyran from Dendrobium amoenum. Phytochemistry 28: 950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  614. Tezuka Y, Yoshida Y, Kikuchi T, Xu G-J (1993) Constituents of Ephemerantha fimbriata. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Two New Phenanthrenes, Fimbriol-A and Fimbriol-B, and a New Dihydrophenanthrene, Ephemeranthol-C. Chem Pharm Bull 41: 1346

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  615. Majumder PL, Banerjee SB (1990) Two Stilbenoids from the Orchid Eria flava. Phytochemistry 29: 3052

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  616. Bhandari SR, Kapadi AH (1983) A 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene from Tubers of Eulophia nuda. Phytochemistry 22: 747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  617. Tuchinda P, Udchachon J, Khumtaveeporn K, Taylor WC (1989) Benzylated Phenanthrenes from Eulophia nuda. Phytochemistry 28: 2463

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  618. Letcher RM, Nhamo LRM (1973) Structure of Orchinol, Loroglossol, and Hircinol. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1263

    Google Scholar 

  619. Majumder P, Sarkar AK, Chakraborti J (1982) Isoflavidinin and Iso-Oxoflavidinin, Two 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes from the Orchids Pholidota articulata, Otochilus porecta and Otochillus fusca. Phytochemistry 21: 2713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  620. Bai L, Yamaki M, Yamagata Y, Takagi S (1996) Shanciol, a Dihydrophenan-thropyran from Pleione bulbocodioides. Phytochemistry 41: 625

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  621. Bai L, Yamaki M, Takagi S (1998) Flavan-3-ols and Dihydrophenanthropyrans from Pleione bulbocodioides. Phytochemistry 47: 1125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  622. Bai L, Masukawa N, Yamaki M, Takagi S (1998) Four Stilbenoids from Pleione bulbocodioides. Phytochemistry 48: 327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  623. Anuradha V, Rao NSP (1998) Parviflorin a Phenanthropyran from Vanda parviflora. Phytochemistry 48: 181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  624. Anuradha V, Rao NSP (1998) Tessalatin, a Phenanthropyran from Vanda tessalata. Phytochemistry 48: 183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  625. Boller A, Corrodi H, Gäumann E, Hardegger E, Kern H, Winterhalter-Wild N (1957) Welkstoflfe und Antibiotika. 20: Über induzierte Abwehrstoffe bei Orchideen I. Helv Chim Acta 40: 1062

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  626. Hardegger E, Biland HR, Corrodi H (1963) Welkstoffe und Antibiotika. 28: Synthese von 2,4-Dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-phenanthren und Konstitution des Orchi-nols. Helv Chim Acta 46: 1354

    Google Scholar 

  627. Hardegger E, Schellenbaum M, Corrodi H (1963) Welkstoffe und Antibiotika. 27: Über induzierte Abwehrstoffe bei Orchideen II. Helv Chim Acta 46: 1171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  628. Oh H, Gloer JB, Wicklow DT, Dowd PF (1998) Arenarins A-C: New Cytotoxic Fungal Metabolites from the Sclerotia of Aspergillus arenarius. J Nat Prod 61: 702

    Google Scholar 

  629. Willis JC (1973) A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Cambridge University Press, p 692

    Google Scholar 

  630. Hattori T, Sakurai K, Koike N, Miyano S (1998) Is the CD Exciton Chirality Method Applicable to Chiral l,l’-Biphenanthryl Compounds? J Am Chem Soc 120: 9086

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  631. Murray RDH (1991) Naturally Occurring Plant Coumarins. In: Herz W, Kirby GW, Steglich W, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 58. Springer, p 83

    Google Scholar 

  632. Murray RDH (1997) Naturally Occurring Plant Coumarins. In: Herz W, Kirby GW, Moore RE, Steglich W, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 72. Springer, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  633. Basa SC (1988) Natural Bicoumarins. Phytochemistry 27: 1933

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  634. Lapper RD (1974) The Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of Siderin. Tetrahedron Lett 4293

    Google Scholar 

  635. Venturella P, Bellino A, Piozzi F (1974) Revised Structure for Siderin. Tetrahedron Lett 979

    Google Scholar 

  636. Cutler HG, Crumley FG, Cox RH, Hernandez O, Cole RJ, Dorner JW (1979) Orlandin: A Nontoxic Fungal Metabolite with Plant Growth Inhibiting Properties. J Agric Food Chem 27: 592

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  637. Büchi G, Luk KC, Kobbe B, Townsend JM (1977) Four New Mycotoxins of Aspergillus clavatus Related to Tryptoquivaline. J Org Chem 42: 244

    Google Scholar 

  638. Büchi G, Klaubert DH, Shank RC, Weinreb SM, Wogan GN (1971) Structure and Synthesis of Kotanin and Desmethylkotanin, Metabolites of Aspergillus glaucus. J Org Chem 36: 1143

    Google Scholar 

  639. Laakso JA, Narske ED, Gloer JB, Wicklow DT, Dowd PF (1994) Isokotanins A-C: New Bicoumarins from the Sclerotia of Aspergillus alliaceus. J Nat Prod 57: 128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  640. Nozawa K, Nakajima S, Kawai K, Udagawa S-I, Miyaji M (1994) Bicoumarins from ascostromata of Petromyces alliaceus. Phytochemistry 35: 1049

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  641. Rizzacasa MA, Sargent MV (1988) The Synthesis of Desertorin C, a Bicoumarin from the Fungus Emericella desertorum. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2425

    Google Scholar 

  642. Lin G-Q, Zhong M (1997) The First Asymmetric Synthesis of the Naturally Occurring (+)-Kotanin and the Assignment of its Absolute Configuration. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 8: 1369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  643. Lin G-Q Chiral Synthesis of Some Pharmaceutically Interesting Compound-Polyhydroxylated Aza-Rings and Related Amines, Axial Biaryls, Fluoxetine and Denopamine. Proceeding of UNESCO Regional Symposium on Drug Development from Medicinal Plants; 25–27. Okt. 1996; Hangzhou, p 78

    Google Scholar 

  644. Miyazaki T, Mihashi S (1964) Studies on the Constituents of Boenninghausenia albiflora Meissner var. japonica S. S.zuki. I: Structure of Matsukatze-lactone. Chem Pharm Bull 12: 1232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  645. Miyazaki T, Mihashi S, Okabayashi K (1964) Studies on the Constituents of Boenninghausenia albiflora Meissner var. japonica S. S.zuki. I: Structure of Matsukaze-lactone (1). Chem Pharm Bull 12: 1236

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  646. Kozawa M, Baba K, Minami M, Nitta H, Hata K (1974) Über die Cumarine der Boenninghausenia japonica (SIEB.) Nakai. Chem Pharm Bull 22: 2746

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  647. Arisawa M, Kinghorn AD, Cordell GA, Farnsworth NR (1984) Ipomopsin, a New Biscoumarin from Ipomopsis aggregata. J Nat Prod 47: 106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  648. Basa SC, Das DP, Tripathy RN, Elango V, Shamma M (1984) Bhubaneswin: a new Bicoumarin. Heterocycles 22: 333

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  649. Bickoff EM, Livingston AL, Guggolz J (1965) Isolation of Phenolic Compounds from Ladino Clover. J Agric Food Chem 13: 151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  650. Spencer RR, Witt SC, Lundin RE, Bickoff EM (1967) Bicoumol; A New Bicoumarinyl, from Ladino Clover. J Agric Food Chem 15: 536

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  651. Joshi PC, (nee Sarkar) SM, Das PC (1989) Jayantinin, A Dimeric Coumarin from Boenninghausenia albiflora. Phytochemistry 28: 1281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  652. Kreher B, Neszmélyi A, Wagner H (1990) Triumbellin, a Tricoumarin Rhamno-pyranoside from Daphne mezereum. Phytochemistry 29: 3633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  653. Baba K, Tabata Y, Taniguti M, Kozawa M (1989) Coumarins from Edgeworthia chrysantha. Phytochemistry 28: 221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  654. Baba K, Taniguti M, Yoneda Y, Kozawa M (1990) Coumarin Glycosides From Edgeworthia chrysantha. Phytochemistry 29: 247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  655. Dutta PK, Banerjee D, Dutta NL (1972) Euphorbetin: A New Bicoumarin from Euphorbia lathyris L. Tetrahedron Lett 601

    Google Scholar 

  656. Dutta PK, Banerjee D, Dutta NL (1973) Isoeuphorbetin, a Novel Bicoumarin from Euphorbia lathyris Linn. Indian J Chem 11: 831

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  657. Seeger T, Geiger H, Zinsmeister HD (1992) Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung von Bartramia-Triluteolin, Bartramiasäure und einigen Biflavonoiden aus dem Laubmoos Bartramia pomiformis. Z Naturforsch 47c: 527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  658. Hahn H, Seeger T, Geiger H, Zinsmeister HD, Markham KR, Wong H (1995) The first Biaurone, a Triflavone and Biflavonoids from two Aulacomnium Species. Phytochemistry 40: 573

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  659. Locksley HD (1973) The Chemistry of Biflavonoid Compounds. In: Herz W, Griesbach H, Kirby GW (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 30. Springer, p 207

    Google Scholar 

  660. Geiger H, Quinn C (1975) Biflavonoids. In: Harborne JB, Mabry TJ, Marby H (eds) The Flavonoids, Chapman & Hall, p 692

    Google Scholar 

  661. Geiger H, Quinn C (1982) Biflavonoids. In: Harborne JB, Mabry TJ (eds) The Flavonoids: Advances in Research, Chapman & Hall, p 505

    Google Scholar 

  662. Geiger H, Quinn C (1988) Biflavonoids. In: Harborne JB (ed) The Flavonoids: Advances in Research since 1980, Chapman & Hall, p 99

    Google Scholar 

  663. Geiger H (1993) Biflavonoids and Triflavonoids. In: Harborne JB (ed) The Flavonoids: Advances in Research since 1986, Chapman & Hall, p 95

    Google Scholar 

  664. Ilyas M, Usmani JN, Bhatnagar SP, Ilyas M, Rahman W, Pelter A (1968) WB1 and Wll, The First Optically Active Biflavones. Tetrahedron Lett 5515

    Google Scholar 

  665. Pelter A, Warren R, Handa BK, Chexal KK, Rahman W (1971) On the Occurrence, Isomerization & Racemization of Some Optically Active Biflavonyls. Indian J Chem 9: 98

    Google Scholar 

  666. Ilyas M, Seligmann O, Wagner H (1977) Biflavones from the Leaves of Araucaria rulei F. Muell. and a Survey on Biflavanoids of the Araucaria Genus. Z Naturforsch 32c: 206

    Google Scholar 

  667. Pelter A, Warren R, Ilyas M, Usmani JN, Bhatnagar SP, Rizvi RH, Ilyas M, Rahman W (1969) The Structure of W13, the First Optically Active Biflavone of the Amentoflavone Series. Experientia 25: 350

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  668. Madhav R (1969) Heveaflavone — a New Biflavonoid from Hevea brasiliensis. Tetrahedron Lett 2017

    Google Scholar 

  669. Chexal KK, Handa BK, Rahman W (1970) Some Optically Active Biflavones from Podocarpus gracilior. Chem Ind 28

    Google Scholar 

  670. Pelter A, Warren R, Hameed N, Khan NU, Ilyas M, Rahman R (1970) Biflavonyl Pigments from Thuja orientalis (Cupressaceae). Phytochemistry 9: 1897

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  671. Pelter A, Warren R, Chexal KK, Handa BK, Rahman W (1971) Biflavonyls from Guttiferae — Garcinia livingstonii. Tetrahedron 27: 1625

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  672. Pelter A, Warren R, Usmani JN, Rizvi RH, Ilyas M, Rahman W (1969) The Isolation and Characterization of Two Members of a New Series of Naturally Occurring Biflavones. Experientia 25: 351

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  673. Khan NU, Ilyas M, Rahman W, Okigawa M, Kawano N (1970) On the Bisflavones in the Leaves of Araucaria bidwillii Hooker. Tetrahedron Lett 2941

    Google Scholar 

  674. Khan NU, Ilyas M, Rahman W, Mashima T, Okigawa M, Kawano N (1972) Biflavones from the Leaves of Araucaria bidwillii Hooker and Agathis alba Foxworthy (Araucariaceae). Tetrahedron 28: 5689

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  675. Zhang F-J, Lin GQ, Huang Q-C (1996) Synthesis, Resolution, and Absolute Configuration of Optically Pure 5,5”-Dihydroxy-4’,4”,7,7”-tetramethoxy 8,8”-biflavone and Its Derivatives (Additions and Corrections). J Org Chem 61: 5700

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  676. Lin G-Q, Zhong M (1997) The First Enantioselective Synthesis of Optically Pure (R)- and (S)5,5″-Dihydroxy-4′7–,7″-tetramethoxy-8,8″-biflavone and the Reconfirmation of Their Absolute Configuration. Tetrahedron Lett 38: 1087

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  677. Bringmann G, Münchbach M, Messer K, Koppler D, Michel M, Schupp O, Wenzel M, Louis AM (1999) Cis- and trans-Isoshinanolone from Dioncophyllum tholloniï. absolute configuration of two ‘known’, wide-spread natural products. Phytochemistry 51: 693

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  678. Bringmann G, Messer K, Saeb W, Peters E-M, Peters K (2001) The absolute Configuration of (+)-Isoshinanolone and in situ Analysis of its Stereoisomers from Crude Extracts. Phytochemistry 56: 387

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  679. Chakravarthy BK, Rao YV, Gambhir SS, Gode KD (1981) Isolation of Amentoflavone from Selaginella rupestris and its Pharmacological Activity on Central Nervous System, Smooth Muscles and Isolated Frog Heart Preparations. Planta Med 43: 64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  680. Kim HK, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS, Kim HP (1999) Inhibition of Rat Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis by Ginkgetin, a Biflavone from Ginkgo biloba Leaves. Planta Med 65: 465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  681. Lin Y-M, Flavin MT, Schure R, Chen F-C, Sidwell R, Barnard DL, Huffman JH, Kern ER (1999) Antiviral Activities of Biflavonoids. Planta Med 65: 120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  682. Zembower DE, Zhang H (1998) Total Synthesis of Robustaflavone, a Potential Anti-Hepatitis B Agent. J Org Chem 63: 9300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  683. Amellal M, Bronner C, Briancon F, Haag M, Anton R, Landry Y (1985) Inhibition of Mast Cell Histamine Release by Flavonoids and Biflavonoids. Planta Med 51: 16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  684. Lee HS, Oh WK, Kim BY, Ahn SC, Kang DO, Shin DI, Kim J, Mheen T-I, Ahn JS (1996) Inhibition of Phospholipase Cγl Activity by Amentoflavone Isolated from Selaginella tamariscina. Planta Med 62: 293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  685. Beretz A, Joly M, Stoclet JC, Anton R (1979) Inhibition of 3′,5′-AMP Phosphodiesterase by Biflavonoids and Xanthones. Planta Med 36: 193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  686. Bringmann G, Teltschik F, Brun R, Kaminsky R, unpublished results

    Google Scholar 

  687. Ahn B-Z, Gstirner F (1971) Über Catechin-Dimere der Eichenrinde. Arch Pharm 304: 666

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  688. Ahn B-Z, Gstirner F (1973) Über Catechin-Dimere der Eichenrinde. III. Mitt. Arch Pharm 306: 338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  689. Ahn B-Z, Gstirner F (1973) Über Catechin-Dimere der Eichenrinde. IV. Mitt. Arch Pharm 306: 353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  690. Ahn B-Z (1974) Ein Catechintrimer aus der Eichenrinde. Arch Pharm 307: 186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  691. Zhang B, Nonaka G-I, Nishioka I (1988) Potentillanin, a Biflavanoid and a Procyanidin Glycoside from Potentilla viscosa. Phytochemistry 27: 3277

    Google Scholar 

  692. Nonaka G-I, Kawahara O, Nishioka I (1983) Tannins and Related Compounds. XV: A New Class of Dimeric Flavan-3-ol Gallates, Theasinensins A and B, and Proanthocyanidin Gallates from Green Tea Leaf. Chem Pharm Bull 31: 3906

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  693. Hashimoto F, Nonaka G-I, Nishioka I (1988) Tannins and Related Compounds. LXIX: Isolation and Structure Elucidation of B,B’-Linked Bisflavonoids, Theasinensins D-G and Oolongtheanin from Oolong Tea. Chem Pharm Bull 36: 1676

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  694. Vuataz L, Brandenberger H (1961) Plant Phenols. III: Separation of Fermented and Black Tea Polyphenols by Cellulose Column Chromatography. J Chromatogr 5: 17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  695. Ferretti A, Flanagan VP, Bondarovich HA, Gianturco MA (1968) The Chemistry of Tea: Structures of Compounds A and B of Roberts and Reactions of Some Model Compounds. J Agric Food Chem 16: 756

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  696. Foo LY, Lu Y, Wong H (1998) Biphenyl-Linked Biflavonoids from Grape Pomace. Phytochemistry 47: 1137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  697. Jacobs E, Ferreira D, Roux DG (1983) Atropisomerism in a New Class of Condensed Tannins Based on Biphenyl and o-Terphenyl. Tetrahedron Lett 24: 4627

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  698. Young E, Brandt EV, Young DA, Ferreira D, Roux DG (1986) Synthesis of Condensed Tannins. Part 17: Oligomeric (2R,3S,)-3,3′,4′,7,8-Pentahydroxyflavans: Atropisomerism and Conformation of Biphenyl and ra-Terphenyl Analogues from Prosopis glandulosa (‘Mesquite’). J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1737

    Google Scholar 

  699. Young DA, Young E, Roux DG, Brandt EV, Ferreira D (1987) Synthesis of Condensed Tannins. Part 19: Phenol Oxidative Coupling of (+)-Catechin and (+)-Mesquitol. Conformation of Bis-(+)-Catechins. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2345

    Google Scholar 

  700. Brandt EV, Young DA, Young E, Ferreira D (1987) Absolute Configuration of Atropisomeric m-Terphenyl-type Flavan-3-ols. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 1365

    Google Scholar 

  701. Kolodziej H (1987) The First Natural Biflavonoid with Flavanol and Dihydrofl-avonol Constituent units Coupled at the B-Ring. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 205

    Google Scholar 

  702. Kolodziej H (1988) [2,,2,]-(+)-Catechin-(+)-taxifolin from Commercial Willow Bark: Structure, Bonding Positions and Oxidative Cleavage. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 219

    Google Scholar 

  703. Foo LY, Karchesy J (1989) Pseudotsuganol, a Biphenyl-linked Pinoresinol-Dihydroquercetin from Douglas-fir Bark: Isolation of the First True Flavonolig-nan. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 217

    Google Scholar 

  704. Cao S-G, Sim K-Y, Goh S-H (1997) Biflavonoids of Calophyllum venulosum. J Nat Prod 60: 1245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  705. Darwin C (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Watts, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  706. Cooke RG (1980) Naturally Occurring Phenalenones and Related Compounds. In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 40. Springer, p 153

    Google Scholar 

  707. Weiss U (1984) Biosynthesis of 9-Phenylphenalenones in Plants of the Family Haemodoraceae: Possibly Biomimetic Synthesis of Lachnanthocarpone by an Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Chem Sci) 93: 1159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  708. Edwards JM, Weiss U (1974) Phenalenone Pigments of the Root System of Lachnanthes tinctoria. Phytochemistry 13: 1597

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  709. Edwards JM, Weiss U (1970) Perinaphthenone Pigments from the Fruit Capsules of Lachnanthes tinctoria. Phytochemistry 9: 1653

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  710. Kornfeld JM, Edwards JM (1972) An Investigation of the Photodynamic Pigments in Extracts of Lachnanthes tinctoria. Biochim Biophys Acta 286: 88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  711. Cooke RG, Segal W (1955) Colouring Matters of Australian Plants IV. Haemocorin: A Unique Glycoside from Haemodorum corymbosum Vahl. Aust J Chem 8: 107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  712. Luis JG, Quinones W, Echeverri F, Grillo TA, Kishi MP, Garcia-Garcia F, Torres F, Cardona G (1996) Musanolones: Four 9-Phenylphenalenones from Rhizomes of Musa acuminata. Phytochemistry 41: 753

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  713. Luis JG, Echeverri F, Quinones W, Brito I, Lopez M, Torres F, Cardona G, Aguiar Z, Pelaez C, Rojas M (1993) Irenolone and Emenolone: Two New Types of Phytoalexin from Musa paradisiaca. J Org Chem 58: 4306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  714. Luis JG, Fletcher WQ, Echeverri F, Grillo TA (1994) Phenalenone-Type Phytoalexins from Musa acuminata. Synthesis of 4-Phenyl-phenalenones. Tetrahedron 50: 10963

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  715. Luis JG, Fletcher WQ, Echeverri F, Grillo TA, Perales A, Gonzalez JA (1995) Intermediates with Biosynthetic Implications in de Novo Production of Phenyl-Phenalenone-Type Phytoalexins by Musa acuminata. Revised Structure of Emenolone. Tetrahedron 51: 4117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  716. Luis JG, Fletcher WQ, Echeverri F, Abad T, Kishi MP, Perales A (1995) New Phenalenone-Type Phytoalexins from Musa acuminata (Colla AAA) Grand Nain. Nat Prod Lett 6: 23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  717. Hölscher D, Schneider B (1998) Phenylphenalenones from Ensete ventricosum. Phytochemistry 49: 2155

    Google Scholar 

  718. Delia Greca M, Lanzetta R, Molinaro A, Monaco P, Previtera L (1992) Phenalene Metabolites from Eichhornia crassipes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2: 311

    Google Scholar 

  719. Hölscher D, Schneider B (1997) Phenylphenalenones from Root Cultures of Anigozanthos preissii. Phytochemistry 45: 87

    Google Scholar 

  720. Edwards JM, Mangion M, Anderson JB, Rapposch M, Hite G (1979) Lachnant-hospirone, a Dimeric 9-Phenylphenalenone from the Seeds of Lachnanthes tinctoria Ell. Tetrahedron Lett 4453

    Google Scholar 

  721. Hirai N, Ishida H, Koshimizu K (1994) A Phenalenone-Type Phytoalexin from Musa acuminata. Phytochemistry 37: 383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  722. Beecher CWW, Sarg TM, Edwards JM (1983) Occurrence and Biosynthesis of 9-Phenylphenalenones in Callus Tissue of Lachnanthes tinctoria. J Nat Prod 46: 932

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  723. Bazan AC, Edwards JM, Weiss U (1977) Synthesis of Lachanthocarpone [9-Phenyl-2,6-Dihydroxyphenalen-l(6)-one] by intramolecular Diels-Alder Cycliza-tion of a 1,7-Diarylheptadienoid Orthoquinone. Tetrahedron Lett 147

    Google Scholar 

  724. Bazan AC, Edwards JM, Weiss U (1978) Snythesis of Lachananthocarpone [9-Phenyl-2,6-Dihydroxyphenalen-l(6)-one] by intramolecular Diels-Alder Cyclisa-tion of a 1,7-Diarylheptanoid Orthoquinone; Possible Biosynthetic Significance of Diels-Alder Reactions. Tetrahedron 34: 3005

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  725. Bezabih M, Motlhagodi S, Abegaz BM (1997) Isofuranonaphthoquinones and Phenolic and Knipholone Derivatives from the Roots of Bulbine capitata. Phytochemistry 46: 1063

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  726. Yenesew A, Dagne E, Müller M, Steglich W (1994) An Anthrone, an Anthraqui-none and Two Oxanthrones from Kniphofia foliosa. Phytochemistry 37: 525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  727. Bezabih M, Abegaz BM (1998) 4′-Demethylknipholone from Aerial Parts of Bulbine capitata. Phytochemistry 48: 1071

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  728. Dagne E, Yenesew A (1993) Knipholone Anthrone from Kniphofia foliosa. Phytochemistry 34: 1440

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  729. Dagne E, Yenesew A (1994) Anthraquinones and Chemotaxonomy of the Asphodelaceae. Pure Appl Chem 66: 2395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  730. Bringmann G, Menche D, Bezabih M, Abegaz BM, Kaminsky R (1999) Antiplasmodial Activity of Knipholone and Related Natural Phenylanthraquinon-es. Planta Med 65: 757

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  731. Bringmann G, Menche D unpublished results

    Google Scholar 

  732. Pandhare ED, Rao AVR, Srinivasan R, Venkataraman K (1966) Lac Pigments. Tetrahedron, Suppl 8, Part I 229

    Google Scholar 

  733. Pandhare ED, Rao AVR, Shaikh IN, Venkataraman K (1967) The Constitution of Laccaic Acid B. Tetrahedron Lett 2437

    Google Scholar 

  734. Ramachandran BV, Rao AVR, Shaikh IN (1970) Lac Pigments. Part VI: The Colouring Matter of Lac Larvae. Indian J Chem 8: 783

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  735. Hu D, Hasegawa A, Nakatsuka S-I (1997) Isolation and Structure Determination of Laccaic Acid F from Lac-dye Produced from Thai Stick Lac. Heterocycl Commun 3: 327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  736. Cameron DW, Feutrill GI, Patti AF, Raston CL, Raverty WD, White AH (1978) Chemistry of the Coccoidea. VI: Pigments of the Lac Insect Austrotachardia acaciae (Hemiptera): Chemistry and Crystal Structure. Aust J Chem 31: 2651

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  737. Burwood R, Read G, Schofield K, Wright DE (1967) The Pigments of Stick Lac. Part II: The Structure of Laccaic Acid Al. J Chem Soc (C) 842

    Google Scholar 

  738. Rao AVR, Shaikh IN, Venkataraman K (1969) Laccaic Acid C, the first Natural Anthraquinone with an Amino Acid Side Chain. Indian J Chem 7: 188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  739. Cameron DW, Feutrill GL, Perlmutter P (1082) Chemistry of the Coccoidea. X: Synthesis of the Xantholaccaic Acid B System and of Related Compounds. Aust J Chem 35: 1469

    Google Scholar 

  740. Gomi S, Sezaki M, Kondo S, Hara T, Naganawa H, Takeuchi T (1988) The Structures of new Antifungal Antibiotics, Benanomicins A and B. J Antibiot 41: 1019

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  741. Takeuchi T, Hara T, Naganawa H, Okada M, Hamada M, Umezawa H, Gomi S, Sezaki M, Kondo S (1988) New Antifungal Antibiotics Benanomicins A and B from an Actinomycete. J Antibiot 41: 807

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  742. Oki T, Konishi M, Tomatsu K, Tomita K, Saitoh K-i, Tsunakawa M, Nishio M, Miyaki T, Kawaguchi H (1988) Pradimicin, a Novel Class of Potent Antifungal Antibiotics. J Antibiot 41: 807

    Google Scholar 

  743. Werner W, Jütten P, Roemer E, Haas W, Heinisch L, Gräfe U (2000) Naphthacenchinone, von Bodenbakterien produzierte Leitstrukturen. Nachr Chem Tech Lab 48: 608

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  744. Gerber NN, Lechevalier MP (1984) Novel Benzo[a]naphthacene Quinones from an Actinomycete, Frankia G-2 (ORS 020604). Can J Chem 62: 2818

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  745. Rickards RW (1989) Revision of the Structure of the Benzo[a]naphthacene Quinone Metabolites G-2N and G-2A from Bacteria of the Genus Frankia. J Antibiot 42: 336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  746. Hauser FM, Caringal Y (1990) A New Route to Benzo[«]naphthacene-8,13-diones: Synthesis and Revision of the Structure Proposed for G2N. J Org Chem 55: 555

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  747. Kelly TR, Xu W, Ma Z, Lin Q, Bhushan V (1993) Synthesis of the Benzo[d]naph-thacenequinone Pigments G-2N and G-2A. J Am Chem Soc 115: 5843

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  748. Kraus GA, Zao G (1996) Direct Synthesis of G-2N. J Org Chem 61: 2770

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  749. Krohn K, Bernhard S (1999) Efficient Biomimetic-Type Synthesis of the Benzo[a]naphthacenequinone Antibiotics G-2A and G-2N. Eur J Org Chem 3099

    Google Scholar 

  750. Qiao Y-F, Okazaki T, Ando T, Mizoue K (1998) Isolation and Characterization of a New Pyrano[4′,3′:6,7]naphtho[l,2-b]xanthene Antibiotic FD-594. J Antibiot 51: 282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  751. Kondo K, Eguchi T, Kakinuma K (1998) Structure and Biosynthesis of FD-594; a New Antitumor Antibiotic. J Antibiot 51: 288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  752. Eguchi T, Kondo K, Kakinuma K, Uekusa H, Ohashi Y, Mizoue K, Qiao Y-F (1999) Unique Solvent-Dependent Atropisomerism of a Novel Cytotoxic Naph-thoxanthene Antibiotic FD-594. J Org Chem 64: 5371

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  753. Bringmann G, Keller PA, Rölfing K (1994) A New Approach to Atropselective Biaryl Synthesis, Utilizing Chiral Carbon-Carbon Bridges. Synlett 423

    Google Scholar 

  754. Rawal VH, Florjancic AS, Singh SP (1994) A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 35: 8985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  755. Ohmori K, Kitamura M, Suzuki K (1999) From Axial Chirality to Central Chiralities: Pinacol Cyclization of 2,2′-Biaryldicarbaldehyde to tran-9,10-Dihydr-ophenanthrene-9,10-diol. Angew Chem 111: 1304;

    Google Scholar 

  756. Ohmori K, Kitamura M, Suzuki K (1999) From Axial Chirality to Central Chiralities: Pinacol Cyclization of 2,2′-Biaryldicarbaldehyde to tran-9,10-Dihydr-ophenanthrene-9,10-diol. Angew Chem Int Ed 38: 1226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  757. Drautz H, Keller-Schierlein W, Zähner H (1975) Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen, 149. Mitteilung: Lysolipin I, ein neues Antibioticum aus Streptomyces violaceoniger. Arch Microbiol 106: 175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  758. Dobler M, Keller-Schierlein W (1977) Metabolites of Microorganisms. 162nd Communication: The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Lysolipin I. Helv Chim Acta 60: 178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  759. Chu M, Truumees I, Mierzwa R, Terracciano J, Patel M, Loebenberg D, Kaminski JJ, Das P, Puar MS (1997) Sch 54445: A New Polycyclic Xanthone with Highly Potent Antifungal Activity Produced by Actinoplanes sp. J Nat Prod 60: 525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  760. Gurevich AI, Deshko TN, Kogan GA, Kolosov MN, Kudryashova VV, Onoprienko VV (1974) The Stereochemistry of Albofungin. Tetrahedron Lett 2801

    Google Scholar 

  761. Onoprienko VV, Kozmin YP, Kolosov MN (1978) Chemistry of Albofungin. XVI. The Revised Structure of Albofungin and Chloralbofungin. Bioorg Khim 4: 1418

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  762. Gill M, Gimenez A, Jhingran AG, Milanovic NM, Palfreyman AR (1998) Pigments of Fungi. Part 49. Structure and Biosynthesis of Dermocanarin 4, a Naphthoqui-none-Dihydroanthracenone Dimer from the Fungus Cortinarius sinapicolor Cleland. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 3431

    Google Scholar 

  763. Amatayakul T, Cannon JR, Dampawan P, Dechatiwongse T, Giles RGF, Huntrakul C, Kusamran K, Mokkhasamit M, Raston CL, Reutrakul V, White AH (1979) Chemistry and Crystal Structures of Some Constituents of Zingiber cassumunar. Aust J Chem 32: 71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  764. Dinter H, Hänsel R (1980) The Structures of Cassumunaquinones 1 and 2 from Zingiber cassumunar. Z Naturforsch 35c: 154

    Google Scholar 

  765. Kofod H, Jorgensen C (1954) Dehydropodophyllotoxin, a New Compound isolated from Podophyllum peltatum L. Acta Chem Scand 8: 1296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  766. Hartwell JL, Schrecker AW (1958) The Chemistry of Podophyllum. In: Zechmeister L (ed) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 15. Springer, p 83

    Google Scholar 

  767. Lin Y-T, Lo T-B, Wang K-T, Weinstein B (1967) Phytochemical Studies. VI: The Structures of Taiwanins C and E. Tetrahedron Lett 849

    Google Scholar 

  768. MacLean H, MacDonald BF (1969) Lignans of Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata Donn). IX: Plicatinaphthalene. Can J Chem 47: 4495

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  769. MacLean H, MacDonald BF (1969) Lignans of Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata Donn). VIII: Plicatinaphthol. Can J Chem 47: 457

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  770. Reisch J, Szendrei K, Novak I, Minker E (1970) Die Lignane der Wurzeln von Ruta graveolens: Helioxanthin. Pharmazie 25: 435

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  771. Das B, Banerji J (1988) Arylnaphthalene Lignan from Jatropha gossypifolia. Phytochemistry 27: 3684

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  772. Chang X-R, Hu Z-B, Zeng G-F (1980) Studies on the chemical constituents of Chinese medicine Wo-er-chi (Diphylleia sinensis Li.). Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 15: 158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  773. Broomhead AJ, Dewick PM (1990) Tumour-Inhibitory Aryltetralin Lignans in Podophyllum verispelle, Diphylleia cymosa and Dipylleia grayi. Phytochemistry 29: 3831

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  774. Atta-ur-Rahman, Ashraf M, Choudhary MI, Habit-ur-Rehman, Kazmi MH (1995) Antifungal Aryltetralin Lignans from Leaves of Podophyllum hexandrum. Phytochemistry 40: 427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  775. Mitra J, Mitra AK (1997) Carbon-13 NMR Chemical Shifts of Some Podophyllum Lignans and Analogues. J Indian Chem Soc 74: 692

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  776. Yamaguchi H, Arimoto M, Tanoguchi M, Ishida T, Inoue M (1982) Studies on the Constituents of the Seeds of Hernandia ovigera L. III. Structures of Two New Lignans. Chem Pharm Bull 30: 3212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  777. Trujillo JM, Jorge R. E, Navarro E, Boada J (1990) Lignans from Justicia hyssopifolia. Phytochemistry 29: 2991

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  778. Ohta K, Munakata K (1970) Justicidin C and D, the l-Methoxy-2,3-Naphthalide Lignans, Isolated from Justicia procumbens L. Tetrahedron Lett 923

    Google Scholar 

  779. Okigawa M, Maeda T, Kawano N (1970) The Isolation and Structure of three new Lignans from Justicia procumbens Linn. var. leucantha Honda. Tetrahedron 26: 4301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  780. Holmes TL, Stevenson R (1971) Arylnaphthalene Lignans: Synthesis of Justicidin E, Taiwanin C, Dehydrodimethylconidendrin, and Dehydrodimethylretrodendrin. J Org Chem 36: 3450

    Google Scholar 

  781. Wada K, Munakata K (1970) (-)-Parabenzlactone, a new Piperolignanolide isolated from Parabenzoin trilobum Nakai. Tetrahedron Lett 2017

    Google Scholar 

  782. Gh S, Banerjee S, Frahm AW (1979) Prostalidins A, B, C and retrochinensin: A New Antidepressant: 4-aryl-2,3-naphthalide Lignans from Justicia prostata. Chem Ind 854

    Google Scholar 

  783. Lin M-T, Lee S-S, Liu KCSC (1995) Phyllamyricins A-C, Three Novel Lignans from Phyllanthus myrtifolius. J Nat Prod 58: 244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  784. Asano J, Chiba K, Tada M, Yoshii T (1996) Antiviral Activity of Lignans and Their Glycosides from Justicia procumbens. Phytochemistry 42: 713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  785. Gonzalez GA, Moreno Ordonez R, Rodriquez Luis F (1974) Lignans from Haplophyllum hispanicum. An Quim 70: 234

    Google Scholar 

  786. Batirov EK, Matkarimov AD, Batsuren AD, Malikov VM (1981) New Coumarins and Lignans from Haplophyllum obtusifolium and H. dahuricum. Int Conf Chem Biotechnol Biol Act Nat Prod 3: 120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  787. Sheriha GM, Abou Amer KM (1984) Lignans of Halophyllum tuberculatum. Phytochemistry 23: 151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  788. Gözler T, Gözler B, Patra A, Leet JE, Freyer AJ, Shamma M (1984) Konyanin: a new lignan from Haplophyllum vulcanicum. Tetrahedron 40: 1145

    Google Scholar 

  789. Nakul GS, Zarga MHA, Sabri SS, Al-Eisawi DM (1987) Chemical Constituents of the Flora of Jordan. Part III: Mono-O-acetyl Diphyllin Apioside, a New Arylnaphthalene Lignan from Haplophyllum buxbaumii. J Nat Prod 50: 748

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  790. Gözler B, Arar G, Gözler T, Hesse M (1992) Isodaurinol, An Arylnaphthalene Lignan from Haplophyllum cappadocicum. Phytochemistry 31: 2473

    Google Scholar 

  791. Ulubelen A, Mericli AH, Mericli F, Kaya Ü (1994) An Alkaloid and Lignans from Haplophyllum telephioides. Phytochemistry 35: 1600

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  792. Murakami T, Matsushima A (1961) Constituents of Japanese Berberidaceae plants. I: Constituent of the root of Diphylleia grayi. Yakugaku Zasshi 81: 1596

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  793. Govindachari TR, Sathe SS, Viswanathan N, Pai BR, Srinivasan M (1967) Revised Structures of Diphyllin and Justicidin A. Tetrahedron Lett 3517

    Google Scholar 

  794. Sastry KV, Rao EV (1983) Isolation and Structure of Cleistanthoside A. Planta Med 47: 227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  795. Satyanarayana P, Ramu KS, Ward RS, Pelter A (1995) Characterisation of a new Series of Diphyllin Esters from Sauropus quadrangular is Muell-Arg. Indian J Chem, Sect B 34B: 571

    Google Scholar 

  796. Govindachari TR, Sathe SS, Viswanathan N, Pai BR, Srinivasan M (1969) Chemical Constituents of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.). Tetrahedron 25: 2815

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  797. Lakshmi TG, Srimannaryana G, Rao NVS (1970) New Glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus. Curr Sci 39: 395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  798. Anjaneyulu ASR, Ramaiah PA, Row LR (1975) A New Diphyllin Glycoside from Gleistanthus collinus. Phytochemistry 14: 1875

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  799. Anjaneyulu ASR, Ramaiah PA, Row LR, Venkateswarlu R, Pelter A, Ward RS (1981) New Lignans from the Heartwood of Cleistanthus collinus. Tetrahedron 37: 3641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  800. Sastry KV, Rao EV, Buchanan JG, Sturgeon RJ (1987) Cleistanthoside B, A Diphyllin Glycoside from Cleistanthus patulus Heartwood. Phytochemistry 26: 1153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  801. Al-Abed Y, Sabri S, Zarga MA, Shah Z, Atta-ur-Rahman (1990) Chemical Constituents of the Flora of Jordan, part V-B. Three New Arylnaphthalene Lignan Glucosides from Haplophyllum buxbaumii. J Nat Prod 53: 1152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  802. Gözler B, Önür MA, Gözler T, Kadan G, Hesse M (1994) Lignans and Lignan Glycosides from Haplophyllum cappadocicum. Phytochemistry 37: 1693

    Google Scholar 

  803. Gözler B, Guenes HS, Hesse M (1995) Further Lignans from Haplophyllum cappadocicum. J Fac Pharm Gazi Univ 12: 9

    Google Scholar 

  804. Prieto JM, Recio MC, Giner RM, Mânez S, Massmanian A, Waterman PG, Rios JL (1996) Topical Anti-Inflammatory Lignans from Haplophyllum hispanicum. Z Naturforsch 51c: 618

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  805. Gözler B, Gözler T, Saglam H, Hesse M (1996) Minor lignans from Haplophyllum cappadocicum. Phytochemistry 42: 689

    Google Scholar 

  806. Al-Abed Y, Abu-Zarga M, Sabri S, Atta-ur-Rahman, Voelter W (1998) An Arylnaphthalene Lignan from Haplophyllum buxbaumii. Phytochemistry 49: 1779

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  807. Satyanarayana P, Ramu KS, Ward RS, Pelter A (1998) 3″-(O-M ethyl Ether of Cleistanthin-B and an Arylnaphthalenic Anhydride from Cleistanthus collinus Roxb. Indian J Chem 37B: 717

    Google Scholar 

  808. Munakata K, Marumo S, Ohta K, Chen Y-L (1967) The Syntheses of Justicidin B and Related Compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 3821

    Google Scholar 

  809. Razakova DM, Bessonova IA (1981) Lignans from Haplophyllum popovii. Khim Prir Soedin 516

    Google Scholar 

  810. Ulubelen A (1985) Alkaloids from Haplophyllum buxbaumii. Phytochemistry 24: 372

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  811. Pettit GR, Cragg GM, Suflfness MI, Gust D, Boettner FE, Williams M, Saenz-Renauld JA, Brown P, Schmidt JM, Ellis PD (1984) Antineoplastic Agents. 104. Isolation and Structure of the Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl (Euphorbiaceae) Glycosides. J Org Chem 49: 4258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  812. Horii Z, Ohkawa K, Kim S, Momose T (1968) Structure and Synthesis of Diphyllin. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 653

    Google Scholar 

  813. Horii Z-I, Ohkawa K, Kim S-W, Momose T (1969) Synthetic Studies on Lignans and Related Compounds. II: Synthesis of l-Hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6,7-dimeth-oxy-4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic Acid y-Lactone and its Non-identity with Diphyllin. Chem Pharm Bull 17: 1878

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  814. Horii Z-I, Ohkawa K, Kim S-W, Momose T (1971) Synthetic Studies on Lignans and Related Compounds. 111: Structure and Synthesis of Diphyllin. Chem Pharm Bull 19: 535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  815. Khalid SA, Waterman PG (1981) Alkaloid, Lignan and Flavonoid Constituents of Haplophyllum tuberculatum from Sudan. Planta Med 43: 148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  816. Dreyer DL, Lee A (1969) Constituents of Cneoridium dumosum (Nutt.) Hook. F. Phytochemistry 8: 1499

    Google Scholar 

  817. Gonzalez AG, Darias V, Alonso G (1979) Cytostatic Lignans isolated from Haplophyllum hispanicum. Planta Med 36: 200

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  818. Horii Z-I, Tsujiuchi M, Kanai K-I, Momose T (1977) Synthetic Studies on Lignans and Related Compounds. IV: Synthesis of Taiwanin C and E, and Justicidin D (Neojusticin A), E, and F (Taiwanin E Methyl Ether). Chem Pharm Bull 25: 1803

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  819. Tsukamoto T, Kishimoto Y (1955) Components of Justicia procumbens. I: Isolation of justicin and isojusticin. J Pharm Soc Japan 75: 1565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  820. Munakata K, Marumo S, Ohta KCY-L (1965) Justicidin A and B, The Fish-killing Components of Justicia hayatai Var. decumbens. Tetrahedron Lett 4167

    Google Scholar 

  821. Siani AC, Zoghbi MDGB, Wolter ELA, Vencato I (1998) 5-Methoxyjusticidin A, a New Arylnaphthalene Lignan from Protium unifoliolatum. J Nat Prod 61: 796

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  822. Ghosal S, Chauhan RPS, Srivastava RS (1974) Two new Aryl Naphthalide Lignans from Polygala chinensis. Phytochemistry 13: 1933

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  823. Chen C-C, Hsin W-C, Ko F-N, Huang Y-L, Ou J-C, Teng C-M (1996) Antiplatelet Arylnaphthalide Lignans from Justicia procumbens. J Nat Prod 59: 1149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  824. Al-Abed Y, Sabri S, Abu Zarga M, Shah Z, Atta-ur-Rahman (1990) Two Arylnaphthalene Lignans from Haplophyllum buxbaumii. Phytochemistry 29: 2659

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  825. Lee S-S, Lin M-T, Liu C-L, Lin Y-Y, Liu KCSC (1996) Six Lignans from Phyllanthus myrtifolius. J Nat Prod 59: 1061

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  826. Lin Y-T, Lo T-B, Shih E-H (1955) Extractive Components from the Heartwood of Taiwania “cryptomerioides”. I: Isolation of Four Crystalline Components from the Acetone Extract. J Chin Chem Soc Ser II 2: 87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  827. Horii Z, Tsujiuchi M, Momose T (1969) On the Structure of Taiwanin E. Tetrahedron Lett 1079

    Google Scholar 

  828. Gonzalez AG, Trujillo JM, Estevez R, Perez JP (1975) Umbelliferous compounds. IV: Lignans from Bupleurum frutiscescens. An Quim 71: 109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  829. Ghosal S, Chauhan RPS, Srivastava RS (1974) Structure of Chinensin: A New Lignan Lactone from Polygala chinensis. Phytochemistry 13: 2281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  830. Arar G, Gozler T (1987) Phytochemical investigations on Haplophyllum cappa-docicum Spach. Doga: Tip Eczacilik 11: 180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  831. Evcim U, Gözler B, Freyer A J, Shamma M (1986) Haplomyrtin and (-)-Haplo-myrfolin: Two Lignans from Haplophyllum myrtifolium. Phytochemistry 25: 1949

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  832. Batsuren D, Batirov EK, Malikov VM, Zemlyanskii VN, Yagudaev MR (1981) Arylnaphthalene lignans of Haplophyllum dauricum. Structure of daurinol. Khim Prir Soedin 295

    Google Scholar 

  833. Batsuren D, Yagudaev MR, Batirov EK, Malikov VM (1983) Use of double proton resonance to determine the structure of arylnaphthalene lignans. Structure of daurinol. Khim Prir Soedin 19

    Google Scholar 

  834. Kuo YH, Lin YT, Lin YT (1985) Taiwanin H, a New Lignan from the Barks of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata. J Chin Chem Soc 32: 381

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  835. Wang C-LJ, Ripka WC (1983) Total Synthesis of (±)-Justicidin P. A New Lignan Lactone from Justicia extensa. J Org Chem 48: 2555

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  836. Pettit GR, Schaufelberger DE (1988) Isolation and structure of the cytostatic lignan glycoside phyllanthostatin A. J Nat Prod 51: 1104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  837. King FE, Wilson JG (1964) The Chemistry of Extractives from Hardwoods. Part. XXXVI: The Lignans of Guaiacum officinale L. J Chem Soc 4011

    Google Scholar 

  838. Konno C, Xue H-Z, Lu Z-Z, Ma B-X, Erdelmeier CAJ, Che C-T, Cordeil GA, Soejarto DD, Waller DP, Fong HHS (1989) 1-Aryl Tetralin lignans from Larrea tridentata. J Nat Prod 52: 1113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  839. Horii Z-I, Ohkawa K, Kim S-W, Momose T (1968) Synthetic Studies on Lignans and Related Compounds. I: Synthesis of l-Hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxy-2-naphthoic Acid y-Lactone. Chem Pharm Bull 16: 2404

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  840. Ohta K, Marumo S, Chen Y-L, Munakata K (1971) Piscicidal components of Justicia hayatai var decumbens. II: Structures of justicidin A and B, and syntheses of justicidin B and related compounds. Agric Biol Chem 35: 431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  841. Burden RS, Crombie L, Whiting DA (1969) The Extractives of Heliopsis Scabra: Constitution of Two New Lignans. J Chem Soc (C) 693

    Google Scholar 

  842. Gonzalez AG, Diaz Chico E, Lopez Dorta H, Medina JM, Rodriguez Luis F (1977) New Sources of Natural Coumarins. XXXII: Chemical components of Ruta sp. Tene 29662. An Quim 73: 1015

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  843. Charlton JL, Oleschuk CJ, Chee G-L (1996) Hindered Rotation in Arylnaphthalene Lignans. J Org Chem 61: 3452

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  844. Wolf C, Pirkle WH, Welch CJ, Hochmuth DH, König WA, Chee G-L, Charlton JL (1997) Determination of the Enantiomerization Barrier of Arylnaphthalene Lignans by Cryogenic Subcritical Fluid Chromatography and Computer Simulation. J Org Chem 62: 5208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  845. Broomhead AJ, Rahman MM A, Dewick PM, Jackson DE, Lucas JA (1991) Matairesinol as Precursor of Podophyllum Lignans. Phytochemistry 30: 1489, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  846. Jackson DE, Dewick PM (1984) Biosynthesis of Podophyllum Lignans I. Cinnamic Acid Precursors of Podophyllotoxin in Podophyllum hexandrum. Phytochemistry 23: 1029, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  847. Kutney JP, Hewitt GM, Jarvis TC, Palaty J, Rettig SJ (1992) Studies with Plant Cell Cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Oxidative Coupling of Dibenzylbutanolides Catalyzed by Plant Cell Culture Extracts. Can J Chem 70: 2115

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  848. Kamal A, Damayanthi Y (1997) A Novel Enzymatic Dehydrogenation of Podophyllotoxin Congeners by Yeast Cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 7: 657

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  849. MacRae WD, Towers GHN (1984) Biological Activities of Lignans. Phytochemistry 23: 1207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  850. Ohta K, Chen Y-L, Marumo S, Munakata K (1969) Piscicidal Components of Justicia hayatai var decumbens. I: Isolation and Piscicidal Activities of Justicidin A and B. Agric Biol Chem 33: 610

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  851. MacRae WD, Hudson JB, Towers GHN (1989) The Antiviral Action of Lignans. Planta Med 55: 531

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  852. Fukamiya N, Lee KH (1986) Antitumor agents. 81: Justicidin A and Diphyllin, Two Cytotoxic Principles from Justicia procumbens. J Nat Prod 49: 348

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  853. Prabhakaran C, Kumar P, Paneerselvam N, Rajesh S, Shanmugam G (1996) Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Cleistanthin B in Normal and Tumor Cells. Mutagenesis 11: 553

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  854. Beers SA, Imakura Y, Dai H-J, Li D-H, Cheng Y-C, Lee K-H (1988) Antitumor Agents, 99. Synthetic Ring C Aromatized Podophyllotoxin Analogues as Potential Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase II. J Nat Prod 51: 901

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  855. Thérien M, Fitzsimmons BJ, Scheigetz J, MacDonald D, Choo LY, Guay J, Falgueyret JP, Riendeau D (1993) Justicidin E: A New Leukotriene Biosynthesis Inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 3: 2063

    Google Scholar 

  856. Rao RR, Nair TB (1971) Effect of Cleistanthin, a new Glycoside, on Experimentally Induced Leukopenia in Rats and Mice. Arzneim Forsch 21: 828

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  857. Rao RR, Nair TB (1970) Induction of Neutrophilic Granulocystosis and Toxicity of Cleisthanthin, CIBA Go. 4350, a New Glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus. Pharmacology 4: 347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  858. Chang C-W, Lin M-T, Lee S-S, Liu KCSC, Hsu F-L, Lin J-Y (1995) Differential Inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase and Cellular DNA Polymerase-β Activities by Lignans Isolated from Chinese Herbs, Phyllanthus myrtifolius Moon, and Tannins from Lonicera japonica Thunb and Castanopsis hystrix. Antiviral Res 27: 367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  859. Jiang Z-H, Tanaka T, Kouno I (1996) Chilianthins A-F, Six Triterpene Esters Having Dimeric Structures from Rhoiptelea chiliantha Diehls et Hand.-Mazz. Chem Pharm Bull 44: 1669

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  860. Tanaka T, Nishimura A, Kouno I, Nonaka G-i, Yang C-R (1997) Four New Caffeic Acid Metabolites, Yunnaneic Acids E-H, from Salvia yunnanensis. Chem Pharm Bull 45: 1596

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  861. Fu X, Barnes JR, Do T, Schmitz FJ (1997) New imidazole alkaloids from the sponge Leucetta chagosensis. J Nat Prod 60: 497

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  862. Bringmann G (1986) The Naphthyl Isoquinoline Alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 29. Academic Press, p 141

    Google Scholar 

  863. Hallock YF, Hughes CB, Cardellina II JH, Schäffer M, Gulden K-P, Bringmann G, Boyd MR (1995) Dioncophylline A, the Principal Cytotoxin from Ancistrocla-dus letestui. Nat Prod Lett 6: 315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  864. Bringmann G, Koppler D, Wiesen B, François G, Sankara Narayanan AS, Almeida MR, Schneider H, Zimmermann U (1996) Ancistroheynine A, the First 7,8′-Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus heyneanus. Phy-tochemistry 43: 1405

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  865. Porembski S, Barthlott W Dioncophyllaceae. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 6. Springer, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  866. Porembski S Ancistrocladaceae. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. 6. Springer, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  867. Bringmann G, Kinzinger L (1992) (+)-Ancistrocline, a Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus tectorius. Phytochemistry 31: 3297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  868. Bringmann G, Zagst R, Reuscher H, Aké Assi L (1992) Ancistrobrevine B, the First Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid with a 5,8’-Coupling Site, and Related Compounds from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus. Phytochemistry 31: 4011

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  869. Bringmann G, Ortmann T, Rübenacker M, Aké Assi L (1992) Dioncophyllacine B: A New 4-Methoxylated Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid from the Leaves of Triphyophyllum peltatum. Planta Med 58 (Suppl. 1): 701

    Google Scholar 

  870. Bringmann G, Kinzinger L, Ortmann T, de Souza NJ (1994) Isoancistrocladine from Ancistrocladus heyneanus: The First Naturally Occurring iV-Unsubstituted ds-Configurated Naphthyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloid. Phytochemistry 35: 259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  871. Bringmann G, Schneider C, Aké Assi L (1993) Ancistrobarterine A: A New “Mixed” Ancistrocladaceae/Dioncophyllaceae-Type Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus barteri. Planta Med 59: 620

    Google Scholar 

  872. Bringmann G, Rübenacker M, Koch W, Koppler D, Ortmann T, Schäffer M, Akè Assi L (1994) 5′-O-Demethyl-8-O-methyl-7-epi-dioncophylline A and its ‘Regularly’ Configurated Atropisomer from Triphyophyllum peltatum. Phytochemistry 36: 1057

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  873. Hallock YF, Manfredi KP, Blunt JW, Cardellina II JH, Schäffer M, Gulden K-P, Bringmann G, Lee AY, Clardy J, François G, Boyd MR (1994) Korupensamines A-D, Novel Antimalarial Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus korupensis. J Org Chem 59: 6349

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  874. Anh NH, Porzel A, Ripperger H, Bringmann G, Schäffer M, God R, Sung TV, Adam G (1997) Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus cochinchin-ensis. Phytochemistry 45: 1287

    Google Scholar 

  875. Bringmann G, Teltschik F, Schäffer M, Haller R, Bär S, Robertson MA, Isahakia M (1998) Ancistrobertsonine A and Related Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum. Phytochemistry 47: 31

    Google Scholar 

  876. Bringmann G, Wenzel M, Rückert M, Wolf K, Busemann S, Schäffer M, Aké Assi L (1998) Dioncophyllinol D, the First 4-Hydroxylated Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid, from the Leaves of Triphyophyllum peltatum. Heterocycles 47: 985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  877. Bringmann G, Wenzel M, Rübenacker M, Schäffer M, Rückert M, Aké Assi L (1998) Dioncophylline D and 8-O-Methyldioncophylline D, 7,8’-Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Triphyophyllum peltatum. Phytochemistry 49: 1151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  878. Bringmann G, Wenzel M, Bringmann H, Schlauer J, Aké Assi L (1996) Die “Teilzeit-fleischfressende” Pflanze Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae): Nutzung der Fangorgane zur Erforschung der Alkaloidbildung. Der Palmengarten 60/2: 32

    Google Scholar 

  879. Bringmann G, Schlauer J, Wolf K, Rischer H, Buschbom U, Kreiner A, Thiele F, Duschek M, Aké Assi L (1999) Cultivation of Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae), the Part-Time Carnivorous Plant. Carniv Plant Newslett 28: 9

    Google Scholar 

  880. Bringmann G, Wenzel M, Bringmann H, Aké Assi L, Haas F, Schlauer J (2001) Uptake of the Amino Acid Alanine by Digestive Leaves: Proof of Carnivory of the Tropical Liana Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae). Carniv PI Newslett: 30: 15.

    Google Scholar 

  881. Bringmann G, Lisch D, Reuscher H, Aké Assi L, Günther K (1991) Atrop-Diastereomer Separation by Racemate Resolution Techniques: N-Methyl-Dion-cophylline A and its 7-Epimer from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus. Phytochemistry 30: 1307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  882. Bringmann G, Pokorny F, Stäblein M, Schärfer M (1993) Ancistrobrevine C from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus: The First Mixed “Ancistrocladaceae/Dioncophylaceae-type” Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid. Phytochemistry 33: 1511

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  883. Bringmann G, Zagst R, Lisch D, Aké Assi L (1992) Dioncoline A and its Atropisomer: “Inverse Hybrid Type” Ancistrocladaceae/Dioncophyllaceae Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus. Planta Med 58 (Suppl 1): 702

    Google Scholar 

  884. Govindachari TR, Parthasarathy PC (1970) Ancistrocladine, A Novel Isoquinoline Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus heyneanus Wall. Indian J Chem 8: 567

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  885. Govindachari TR, Parthasarathy PC (1971) Ancistrocladine, a New Type of Isoquinoline Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus heyneanus. Tetrahedron 27: 1013

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  886. Govindachari TR, Parthasarathy PC (1977) Alkaloids of Ancistrocladaceae. Heterocycles 7: 661

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  887. Bringmann G, Teltschik F, Michel M, Busemann S, Rückert M, Haller R, Bär S, Robertson A, Kaminsky R (1999) Ancistrobertsonines B, C, and D as well as 1,2-Didehydro-ancistrobertsonine D from Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum. Phytochemistry 52: 321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  888. Bringmann G, Haller RD, Bär S, Isahakia MA, Roberson SA (1994) Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum J. Léonard: eine erst spät entdeckte Ancistrocladus-Art. Der Palmengarten 58: 148

    Google Scholar 

  889. Bringmann G, Ortmann T, Zagst R, Schöner B, Aké Assi L (1992) (±)-Dioncophyllacine A, a Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid with a 4-Methoxy Substituent from the Leaves of Triphyophyllum peltatum. Phytochemistry 31: 4015

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  890. Ruangrungsi N, Wongpanich V, Tantivatana P, Cowe HJ, Cox PJ, Funayama S, Cordell GA (1985) Traditional Medicinal Plants of Thailand, V. Ancistrotectorine, a New Naphthalene-Isoquinoline Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus tectorius. J Nat Prod 48: 529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  891. Bringmann G, Günther C, Busemann S, Schäffer M, Olowokudejo JD, Alo B (1998) Ancistroguineines A and B as well as Ancistrotectorine — Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus guineënsis. Phytochemistry 47: 37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  892. Hallock YF, Cardellina II JH, Schäffer M, Stahl M, Bringmann G, François G, Boyd MR (1997) Yaoundamines A and B, New Antimalarial Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus korupensis. Tetrahedron 53: 8121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  893. Bringmann G, Hamm A, Günther C, Michel M, Brun R, Mudogo V (2000) Ancistroealaines A and B, two New Bioactive Naphthylisoquinolines, and Related Naphthoic Acids from Ancistrocladus ealaensis. J Nat Prod 63: 1465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  894. Bringmann G, Günther C, Saeb W, Mies J, Wickramasinghe A, Mudogo V, Brun R (2000) Ancistrolikokines A-C: New 5,8’-Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus likoko. J Nat Prod 63: 1333

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  895. Bringmann G, Günther C, Saeb W, Mies J, Brun R, Aké Assi L (2000) 8–0-Methyldioncophyllinol B and Revised Structures of Other 7,6′-Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae). Phytochemistry 54: 337

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  896. Manfredi KP, Britton M, Vissieche V, Pannell LK (1996) Three New Naphthyldi-hydroisoquinoline Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus tectorius. J Nat Prod 59: 854

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  897. Govindachari TR, Parthasarathy PC, Rajagopalan TG, Desai HK, Ramachandran KS (1975) Hamatine, a New Isoquinoline Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus hamatus (Vahl) Gilg. Indian J Chem 13: 641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  898. Bringmann G, Kehr C, Dauer U, Gulden K-P, Haller R, Bär S, Isahakia MA, Robertson SA, Peters K (1993) Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum “Produces” Pure Crystalline Droserone when Wounded. Planta Med 59: (Suppl.) 622

    Google Scholar 

  899. Peters K, Peters E-M, von Schnering HG, Bringmann G, Kehr C, Haller RD, Bär S, Isahakia MA, Robertson SA (1995) Crystal structure of droserone in ‘biogenic crystals’ found under the stem bark of Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum. Z Kristallogr 210: 290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  900. Bringmann G, Schlauer J, Rückert M, Wiesen B, Ehrenfeld K, Proksch P, Czygan FC (1999) Host-Derived Acetogenins Involved in the Incompatible Parasitic Relationship between Cuscuta reflexa (Convolvulaceae) and Ancistrocladus heyne-anus (Ancistrocladaceae). Plant Biol 1: 581

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  901. Hallock YF, Cardellina II JH, Kornek T, Gulden K-P, Bringmann G, Boyd MR (1996) Gentrymine B, the First TV-Quaternary Isoquinoline Alkaloid from Ancistrocladus korupensis. Tetrahedron Lett 4753

    Google Scholar 

  902. Bringmann G, Holenz J, Aké Assi L, Zhao C, Hostettmann K (1996) Molluscicidal Activity of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Triphyophyllum and Ancistrocladus Species. Planta Med 62: 556

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  903. Bringmann G, Holenz J, Aké Assi L, Hostettmann K (1998) Molluscicidal Activity (Biomphalaria glabrata) of Dioncophylline A — Structure-Activity Investigations. Planta Med 64: 485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  904. François G, Van Looveren M, Timperman G, Chimanuka B, Aké Assi L, Holenz J, Bringmann G (1996) Larvicidal Activity of the Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid Dioncophylline A against the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi. J Ethnophar-macol 54: 125

    Google Scholar 

  905. Bringmann G, Holenz J, Saeb W, Aké Assi L, Hostettmann K (1999) Dioncophylline A as a Larvicide Against Aedes aegypti. Pharm Pharmacol Lett. 9: 24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  906. Bringmann G, Feineis D (2000) Novel Antiparasitic Biaryl Alkaloids from Westafrican Dioncophyllaceae Plants. Act Chim Therapeut 26: 151

    Google Scholar 

  907. Bringmann G, Gramatzki S, Grimm C, Proksch P (1992) Feeding Deterrency and Growth Retarding Activity of the Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid Dioncophylline A against Spodoptera littoralis. Phytochemistry 31: 3821

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  908. Bringmann G, Holenz J, Wiesen B, Nugroho BW, Proksch P (1997) Dioncophylline A as a Growth-Retarding Agent against the Herbivorous Insect Spodoptera littoralis: Structure-Activity Relationships. J Nat Prod 60: 342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  909. François G, Bringmann G, Phillipson JD, Aké Assi L, Dochez C, Rübenacker M, Schneider C, Wéry M, Warhurst DC, Kirby GC (1994) Activity of Extracts and Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Triphyophyllum peltatum, Ancistrocladus abbreviatus and A. barteri against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Phytochemistry 35: 1461

    Google Scholar 

  910. François G, Timperman G, Holenz J, Aké Assi L, Geuder T, Maes L, Dubois J, Hanocq M, Bringmann G (1996) Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids Exhibit Strong Growth-Inhibiting Activities Against Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei in vitro — Structure-Activity Relationships of Dioncophylline C. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 90: 115

    Google Scholar 

  911. François G, Bringmann G, Dochez C, Schneider C, Timpermann G, Aké Assi L (1995) Activities of Extracts and Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Triphyo-phyllum peltatum, Ancistrocladus abbreviatus and Ancistrocladus barteri against Plasmodium berghei (Anka strain) in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 46: 115

    Google Scholar 

  912. François G, Timperman G, Haller RD, Bär S, Isahakia MA, Robertson SA, Zhao C, De Souza NJ, Aké Assi L, Holenz J, Bringmann G (1997) Growth Inhibition of Asexual Erythrocytic Forms of Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei in vitro by Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid-Containing Extracts of Ancistrocladus and Tri-phyophyllum Species. Int J Pharmacognosy 35: 55

    Google Scholar 

  913. François G, Steenackers T, Timperman G, Aké Assi L, Haller RD, Bär S, Isahakia MA, Robertson SA, Zhao C, De Souza NJ, Holenz J, Bringmann G (1997) Retarded Development of Exoerythrocytic Stages of the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium berghei in Human Hepatoma Cells by Extracts from Dioncophyllaceae and Ancistrocladaceae Species. Int J Parasitol 27: 29

    Google Scholar 

  914. François G, Timperman G, Steenackers T, Aké Assi L, Holenz J, Bringmann G (1997) In vitro Inhibition of Liver Forms of the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium berghei by Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids — Structure-Activity Relationships of Dioncophyllines A and C, and Ancistrocladine. Parasitol Res 83: 673

    Google Scholar 

  915. François G, Chimanuka B, Timperman G, Holenz J, Plaizier-Vercammen J, Aké Assi L, Bringmann G (1999) Differential Sensitivity of Erythrocytic Stages of the Rodent Malaria Parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi to Dioncophylline B, a Highly Active Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid. Parasitol Res 85: 935

    Google Scholar 

  916. Bringmann G, Rübenacker M, Weirich R, Aké Assi L (1992) Dioncophylline C from the Roots of Triphyllum peltatum, the First 5,1′-Coupling Dioncophyllaceae Alkaloid. Phytochemistry 31: 4019

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  917. François G, Timperman G, Eling W, Aké Assi L, Holenz J, Bringmann G (1997) Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids against malaria: evaluation of the curative potential of dioncophylline C and dioncopeltine A against Plasmodium berghei in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41: 2533

    Google Scholar 

  918. Meininger M, Stowasser R, Jakob PM, Schneider H, Koppler D, Bringmann G, Zimmermann U, Haase A (1997) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of Ancistrocladus heyneanus. Protoplasma 198: 210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  919. Urlaub E, Popp J, Kiefer W, Bringmann G, Koppler D, Schneider H, Zimmermann U, Schrader B (1998) FT-Raman Investigation of Alkaloids in the Liana Ancistrocladus heyneanus. Biospectroscopy 4: 113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  920. Bringmann G, Ochse M, Herderich M, Günther C, Wolf K, Teltschik F, Rückert M (1998) Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 8: 1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  921. Bringmann G, Schneider C, Pokorny F, Lorenz H, Fleischmann H, Sankarana-rayanan AS, Almeida MR, Govindachari TR, Aké Assi L (1993) The Cultivation of Tropical Lianas of the Genus Ancistrocladus. Planta Med 59: 623

    Google Scholar 

  922. Bringmann G, Rischer H, Schlauer J, Aké Assi L (1999) In vitro propagation of Ancistrocladus abbreviatus Airy Shaw (Ancistrocladaceae). PI Cell Tiss Org Cult 57:

    Google Scholar 

  923. Bringmann G, Rückert M, Günther C (1998) Identification of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids by LC-NMR on-line Coupling. In: Schreier P, Herderich M, Humpf HU, Schwab W (eds) Natural Product Analysis. Vieweg, p 147

    Google Scholar 

  924. Bringmann G, Günther C, Schlauer J, Rückert M (1998) HPLC-NMR On-Line Coupling Including the ROESY Technique: Direct Characterization of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids in Crude Plant Extracts. Anal Chem 70: 2805

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  925. Bringmann G, Rückert M, Saeb W, Mudogo V (1999) Characterization of metabolites in plant extracts of Ancistrocladus likoko by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled on line with !H NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Chem 37: 98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  926. Bringmann G, Rückert M, Messer K, Schupp O, Louis AM (1999) Use of on-line high-perfomance liquid chromatography — nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry coupling in phytochemical screening studies: rapid identification of metabolites in Dioncophyllum thollonii. J Chromatogr A 837: 267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  927. Bringmann G, Messer K, Wohlfarth M, Kraus J, Dumbuya K, Rückert M (1999) HPLC-CD On-Line Coupling in Combination with HPLC-NMR and HPLC-MS/ MS for the Determination of the Full Absolute Stereostructure of New Metabolites in Plant Extracts. Anal Chem 71: 2678

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  928. Bringmann G, Rückert M, Schlauer J, Herderich M (1998) Separation and identification of dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 810: 231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  929. Conway WD (1990) Countercurrent Chromatography. Apparatus, Theory, and Applications. VCH

    Google Scholar 

  930. Bringmann G, God R, Schäffer M (1996) An Improved Degradation Procedure for Determination of the Absolute Configuration in Chiral Isoquinoline and ß-Carboline Derivatives. Phytochemistry 43: 1393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  931. Bringmann G, Ochse M, Schäffer M, God R, Walter R, François G (1997) N,N-Dimethyldioncophyllinium A Iodide — Synthesis, Stereoanalysis, and Antimalarial Activity of the First A-Quaternary Naphthylisoquinolinium Salt. Planta Med 63: 544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  932. Bringmann G, Jansen JR, Busse H (1991) An Atropisomer-Differentiating Reaction for the Chemical Analysis of Axial Chirality and Its Computational Investigation: Proof of the Stereostructure of Dioncophylline A. Liebigs Ann Chem 803

    Google Scholar 

  933. Bringmann G, Zagst R, Schöner B, Busse H, Hemmerling M, Burschka C (1991) Structure of the Naphthyl Isoquinoline Alkaloid Dioncophylline A. Acta Cryst C47: 1703

    Google Scholar 

  934. Fleischhauer J, Koslowski A, Kramer B, Zobel E, Bringmann G, Gulden K-P, Ortmann T, Peter B (1993) Messung und Berechnung der CD-Spektren der Biaryl-Alkaloide Ancistrocladein und Dioncophyllein A. Z Naturforsch 48b: 140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  935. Bringmann G, Gulden K-P, Hailock YF, Manfredi KP, Cardellina II JH, Boyd MR, Kramer B, Fleischmann J (1994) Circular Dichroism of Michellamines: Independent Assignment of Axial Chirality by Calculated and Experimental CD Spectra. Tetrahedron 50: 7807

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  936. Fleischhauer J, Koslowski A, Repges C, Gulden K-P, Bringmann G (1998) The Absolute Configuration of Isoancistrocladine and Tsohamatine’ by Quantum-chemical CD-Calculations. Z Naturforsch 53a: 993

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  937. Bringmann G, Jansen JR, Rink H-P (1986) Regioselective and Atropisomeric-Selective Aryl Coupling to Give Naphthyl Isoquinoline Alkaloids: The First Total Synthesis of (-)-Ancistrocladine. Angew Chem 98: 917; Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 25: 913

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  938. Bringmann G, Reuscher H (1989) Aryl-Coupling via “Axially Prostereogenic” Lactones: First Total Synthesis of (+)-Ancistrocladisine and (Optionally) its Atropisomer. Tetrahedron Lett 5249

    Google Scholar 

  939. Bringmann G, Reuscher H (1989) Atropdiastereoselective Ring Opening of Bridged, “Axial-Prostereogenic” Biaryls: Directed Synthesis of (+)-Ancistrocladi-sine. Angew Chem 101: 1725; Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 28: 1672

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  940. Bringmann G, Jansen JR (1991) Stereocontrolled Ring Opening of Axially Prostereogenic Biaryl Lactones with Hydrogen Nucleophiles: Directed Synthesis of a Dioncophylline A Precursor an (Optionally) its Atropdiastereojmer. Synthesis 825

    Google Scholar 

  941. Bringmann G, Jansen JR (1984) A First and General Route to Naphthylisoquin-oline Alkaloids: The Total Synthesis of O-Methyl-tetradehydro-triphyophylline. Tetrahedron Lett 2537

    Google Scholar 

  942. Bringmann G, Jansen JR (1989) Chiral Economy with Respect to Rotational Isomerism: Rational Synthesis of Hamatine and (Optionally) Ancistrocladine from Joint Helical Precursors. Heterocycles 28: 137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  943. Bringmann G, Saeb W, Rübenacker M (1999); Directed Joint Total Synthesis of the three Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids Dioncolactone A, Dioncopeltine A, and 5’-0-Demethyldioncophylline A. Tetrahedron 55: 423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  944. Bringmann G, Saeb W, God R, Schärfer M, François G, Peters K, Peters E-M, Proksch P, Hostettmann K, Aké Assi L (1998) 5′-O-Demethyldioncophylline A, a New Antimalarial Alkaloid from TriphyophyHum peltatum. Phytochemistry 49: 1667

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  945. Bringmann G, Ochse M (1998) The Atropo-Divergent Preparation of Axially Chiral Biaryls Through the ‘Lactone Methodology’: Total Synthesis of Korupens-amine B. Synlett 1294

    Google Scholar 

  946. Bringmann G, Ochse M, Götz R (2000) First Atropo-Divergent Total Synthesis of Antimalarial Korupensamines A and B — by the ‘Lactone Method’. J Org Chem 65: 2069

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  947. Lipshutz BH, Keith JM (1999) A Stereospecific, Intermolecular Biaryl-Coupling Approach to Korupensamine A En Route to the Michellamines. Angew Chem 111: 3743; Angew Chem Int Ed 38: 3530

    Google Scholar 

  948. Bringmann G, Holenz J, Weirich R, Rübenacker M, Funke C, Boyd MR, Gulakowski RJ, François G (1998) First Synthesis of the Antimalarial Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid Dioncophylline C, and its Unnatural Anti-HIV Dimer, Jozimine C. Tetrahedron 54: 497

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  949. Bringmann G, Günther C First Total Synthesis of Dioncophylline B, a 7,6′-Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid. Synlett 216

    Google Scholar 

  950. Rizzacasa MA, Sargent MV (1991) Synthetic Approaches to the Alkaloids of the Ancistrocladaceae. Part 3: The Total Synthesis of (—)-Ancistrocladinine: Control of the Diastereoisomer Excess in the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2773

    Google Scholar 

  951. Rizzacasa MA (1998) Total Synthesis of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. In: Atta-ur-Rahman (ed) Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, vol. 20. Elsevier, p 407

    Google Scholar 

  952. Bringmann G, Götz R, Keller PA, Walter R, Henschel P, Schärfer M, Stäblein M, Kelly TR, Boyd MR (1994) First Total Synthesis of Korupensamines A and B. Heterocycles 39: 503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  953. Chau P, Czuba IR, Rizzacasa MA, Bringmann G, Gulden K-P, Schärfer M (1996) Convergent Synthesis of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of (+)-O-Methylancistrocline. J Org Chem 61: 7101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  954. Bringmann G, Götz R, Harmsen S, Holenz J, Walter R (1996) Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Michellamines A-C. Liebigs Ann 2045

    Google Scholar 

  955. Watanabe T, Uemura M (1998) Stereoselective Synthesis of O,O-Dimethylkoru-pensamine A via Palladium(0)-Mediated Cross-Coupling of a Planar Chiral (Arene)Cr(CO)3 Complex with Naphthylboronic Acid. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 871

    Google Scholar 

  956. Watanabe T, Kamikawa K, Uemura M (1995) Synthesis of Both Axially Chiral Biaryls by Cross-Coupling of (Arene)chromium Complexes with Naphthylboronic Acids and Subsequent Axial Isomerization. Tetrahedron Lett 36: 6695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  957. Hoye TR, Chen M, Hoang B, Mi L, Priest OP (1999) Total Synthesis of Michellamines A-C, Korupensamines A-D, and Ancistrobrevine B. J Org Chem 64: 7184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  958. Hoye TR, Mi L (1996) Total Synthesis of Korupensamine C and Ancistrobrevine B. Tetrahedron Lett 37: 3097

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  959. Manfredi KP, Blunt JW, Cardellina II JH, McMahon JB, Pannell LL, Cragg GM, Boyd MR (1991) Novel Alkaloids from the Tropical Plant Ancistrocladus abbreviatus Inhibit Cell Killing by HIV-1 and HIV-2. J Med Chem 34: 3402

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  960. Hallock YF, Manfredi KP, Dai J-R, Cardellina II JH, Gulakowski RJ, McMahon JB, Schäffer M, Stahl M, Gulden K-P, Bringmann G, François G, Boyd MR (1997) Michellamines D-F, New HIV-Inhibitory Dimeric Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids, and Korupensamine E, a New Antimalarial Monomer, from Ancistrocladus korupensis. J Nat Prod 60:

    Google Scholar 

  961. Hallock YF, Cardellina II JH, Schäffer M, Bringmann G, François G, Boyd MR (1998) Korundamine A, a Novel HIV-Inhibitory and Antimalarial “Hybrid” Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid Heterodimer from Ancistrocladus korupensis. Bio-org Med Chem Lett 8: 1729

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  962. White EL, Ross LJ, Hobbs PD, Upender V, Dawson MI (1999) Antioxidant Activity of Michellamine Alkaloids. Anticancer Res 19: 1033

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  963. Anonymus (1992) J Nat Prod 55: 1018

    Google Scholar 

  964. Hoye TR, Chen M, Mi L, Priest OP (1994) Total Synthesis of Michellamines A-C: Important Anti-HIV Agents. Tetrahedron Lett 35: 8747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  965. Hobbs PD, Upender V, Liu J, Pollart DJ, Thomas DW, Dawson MI (1996) The First Stereospecific Synthesis of Michellamine B. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 923

    Google Scholar 

  966. Hobbs PD, Upender V, Dawson MI (1997) Stereospecific Syntheses of Michellamines A and C. Synlett 965

    Google Scholar 

  967. Upender V, Pollart DJ, Liu J, Hobbs PD, Olsen C, Chao W-R, Bowden B, Crase JL, Thomas DW, Pandey A, Lawson JA, Dawson MI (1996) The Synthesis and Biological Activity of Two Analogs of the Anti-HIV Alkaloid Michellamine B. J Heterocyclic Chem 33: 1371

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  968. Zhang H, Zembower DE, Chen Z (1997) Structural Analogues of the Michellamine Anti-HIV Agents. Importance of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Rings for Biological Activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 7: 2687

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  969. de Koning CB, Michael JP, van Otterlo WAL (2000) Synthesis of Isochromane Analogues of the Michellamines and Korupensamines. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 799

    Google Scholar 

  970. Bringmann G, Harmsen S, Holenz J, Geuder T, Götz R, Keller PA, Walter R, Hallock YF, Cardellina II JH, Boyd MR (1994) ‘Biomimetic’ Oxidative Dimer-ization of Korupensamine A: Completion of the First Total Synthesis of Michellamines A, B and C. Tetrahedron 50: 9643

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  971. Schlauer J, Rückert M, Wiesen B, Herderich M, Aké Assi L, Haller RD, Bär S, Fröhlich K-U, Bringmann G (1998) Characterization of Enzymes from Ancistrocladus (Ancistrocladaceae) and Triphyophyllum (Dioncophyllaceae) Catalyzing Oxidative Coupling of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids to give Michellamines. Arch Biochem Biophys 350: 87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  972. Bringmann G, Saeb W, Mies J, Messer K, Wohlfarth M, Brun R (2000) One-Step Oxidative Dimerization of Genuine, Unprotected Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids to Give Michellamines and Other Bioactive Quateraryls. Synthesis 1843

    Google Scholar 

  973. Kelly TR, Garcia A, Lang F, Walsh JJ, Bhaskar KV, Boyd MR, Götz R, Keller PA, Walter R, Bringmann G (1994) Convergent Total Synthesis of the Michellamines. Tetrahedron Lett 7621

    Google Scholar 

  974. Bringmann G, Götz R, Keller PA, Walter R, Boyd MR, Lang F, Garcia A, Walsh JJ, Tellitu I, Bhaskar KV, Kelly TR (1998) A Convergent Total Synthesis of the Michellamines. J Org Chem 63: 1090

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  975. Bringmann G (1996) Mono- and Dimeric Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids -Pharmaceuticaly and Structurally Exciting Natural Heterocycles with Axial Chirality. Bull Soc Chim Belg 105: 601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  976. Bringmann G, Saeb W, Koppler D, François G (1996) Jozimine A (‘Dimeric’ Dioncophylline A), A Non-Natural Michellamine Analog with High Antimalarial Activity. Tetrahedron 52: 13409

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  977. Bringmann G, Götz R, François G (1996) Synthesis of Pindikamine A, a Michellamine-Related Dimer of a Non-Natural, ‘Skew’ Naphthylisoquinoline. Tetrahedron 52: 13419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  978. Bringmann G, Saeb W, François G, Schlauer J (1998) Chemical and Enzymic Syntheses of Anti-HIV Michellamines and Related Dimeric Naphthylisoquinolines. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 8: 8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  979. Bringmann G, Wenzel M, Kelly TR, Boyd MR, Gulakowski RJ, Kaminsky R (1999) Octadehydromichellamine, a Structural Analog of the Anti-HIV Michellamines without Centrochirality. Tetrahedron 55: 1731

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  980. Bringmann G, Jansen JR (1985) Einfache Synthesen nützlicher Diketo-Bausteine für biomimetische Isochinolin- und Naphthalin-Synthesen. Liebigs Ann Chem 2116

    Google Scholar 

  981. Bringmann G, Pokorny F, Wenzel M, Wurm K, Schneider C (1997) Labelled Precursors for Biosynthetic Studies on Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. J Lab Compd Radiopharm 39: 29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  982. Bringmann G, Rückert M, Wenzel M, Günther C, Wolf K, Holenz J, Schlauer J (1998) Biological activities and biosynthetic origin of acetogenic isoquinoline alkaloids. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 8: 5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  983. Bringmann G, Wohlfarth M, Rischer H, Schlauer J (2000) A New Biosynthetic Pathway to Alkaloids in Plants: Acetogenic Isoquinolines. Angew Chem 112: 1523; Angew Chem Int Ed 39: 1464

    Google Scholar 

  984. Cardellina II JH, Kirkup MP, Moore RE, Mynderse JS, Seff K, Simmons CJ (1979) Hyellazole and Chlorohyellazole, two Novel Carbazoles from the Blue-Green Alga Hyella caespitosa Born, et Flah. Tetrahedron Lett 4915

    Google Scholar 

  985. Kano S, Sugino E, Shibuya S, Hibino S (1981) Synthesis of Carbazole Alkaloids Hyellazole and 6-Chlorohyellazole. J Org Chem 46: 3856

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  986. Takano S, Suzuki Y, Ogasawara K (1981) A Simple Synthesis of the Blue-Green Alga Alkaloid, Hyellazole. Heterocycles 16: 1479

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  987. Moody CJ, Shah P (1989) Diels-Alder Reactivity of Pyrano[3,4–6]indol-3-ones. Part 4. Synthesis of the Carbazole Alkaloids Carbazomycin A and B and Hyellazole. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2463

    Google Scholar 

  988. Danheiser RL, Brisbois RG, Kowalczyk JJ, Miller RF (1990) An Annulation Method for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Policyclic Aromatic and Heteroa-romatic Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 112: 3093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  989. Kawasaki T, Nonaka Y, Akahane M, Maeda N, Sakamoto M (1993) New Approach to 3-Oxygenated Carbazoles. Synthesis of Hyellazole and 4-Deoxy-carbazomycin B. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1777

    Google Scholar 

  990. Becalli EM, Marchesini A, Pilati T (1994) Synthesis of the Carbazole Alkaloids Hyellazole and 6-Chlorohyellazole and Related Derivatives. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 579

    Google Scholar 

  991. Knölker H-J, Baum E, Hopfmann T (1999) Iron-Mediated Synthesis of Hyellazole and Isohyellazole. Tetrahedron 55: 10391

    Google Scholar 

  992. Chosi T, Sada T, Fujimoto H, Nagayama C, Sugino E, Hibino S (1997) Total Synthesis of Carazostatin, Hyellazole, and Carbazoquinocins B-F. J Org Chem 62: 2535

    Google Scholar 

  993. Furukuwa H (1993) Binary Carbazole Alkaloids. Trends in Heterocyclic Chemistry 3: 185

    Google Scholar 

  994. Nutan MTH, Hasan CM, Rashid MA (1999) Bismurrayafoline E: A New Dimeric Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koenigii. Fitoterapia 70: 130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  995. Ito C, Nakagawa M, Wu T-S, Furukawa H (1991) New Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia. Chem Pharm Bull 39: 2525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  996. Wu T-S, Huang S-C, Wu P-L (1996) Carbazole-Pyranocoumarin Dimer and Binary Carbazole Alkaloid from Clausena excavata. Tetrahedron Lett 37: 7819

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  997. Wu T-S, Wang M-L, Lai J-S, Ito C, Furukawa H (1991) Binary Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia. Phytochemistry 30: 1052

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  998. Wu T-S, Wang M-L, Wu P-L (1996) Seasonal Variations of Carbazole Alkaloids in Murraya euchrestifolia. Phytochemistry 43: 785

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  999. Ito C, Thoyama Y, Omura M, Kajiura I, Furukawa H (1993) Alkaloidal Constituents of Murraya koenigii. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Novel Binary Carbazolequinones and Carbazole Alkaloids. Chem Pharm Bull 41: 2096

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1000. For a similar approach to the N-C-bonded biaryl alkaloid murrastifoline-F, see Bringmann G, Tasler S, Endress H, Kraus J, Messer K, Wohlfarth M, Lobin W (2001) Murrastifoline-F: First Total Synthesis, Atropo-Enantiomer Resolution, and Stereoanalysis of an Axially Chiral N,C-Coupled Biaryl Alkaloid. J Am Chem Soc 123: 2703

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1001. For the first atroposelective synthesis of — as yet — unnatural analogs of 2,2’-biscarbazoles, see Bringmann G, Tasler S, Endress H, Mühlbacher J (2001) En route to the First Stereoselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biscarbazole Alkaloids. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 761

    Google Scholar 

  1002. Bringmann G, Ledermann A, Holenz J, Kao M-T, Busse U, Wu HG, François G (1998) Antiplasmodial Activity of Mono- and Dimeric Carbazoles. Planta Med 64: 54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1003. Bringmann G, Ledermann A, François G (1995) Dimeric Murrayafoline A, a Potential Bis-Carbazole Alkaloid: ‘Biomimetic’ Synthesis, Atropisomer Separation, and Antimalarial Activity. Heterocycles 40: 293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1004. Bringmann G, Tasler S, Endress H, Peters K, Peters E-M (1998) Synthesis of Mukonine and Seven Further 1-Oxygenated Carbazole Alkaloids. Synthesis 1501

    Google Scholar 

  1005. Lin G, Zhang A (1999) The First Synthesis of Optically Pure Biscarbazoles and Determination of Their Absolute Configurations. Tetrahedron Lett 40: 341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1006. Lin G, Zhang A (2000) Synthesis of Optically Pure Clausenamine-A and its Demethoxylated Analogs. Tetrahedron 56: 7163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1007. Knölker H-J, Goesmann H, Hofmann C (1996) Transition Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis, Part 31: A Novel Molybdenum-mediated Synthesis of Carbazole Derivatives: Application to the Total Synthesis of Mukonal and l,l′-Bis(2-hydroxy-3-methylcarbazole). Synlett 737

    Google Scholar 

  1008. Kapil RS (1971) The Carbazole Alkaloids. In: Manske RHF (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. XIII. Academic Press, p 273

    Google Scholar 

  1009. Chakraborty DP (1977) Carbazole Alkaloids. In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 34. Springer, p 299

    Google Scholar 

  1010. Bhattacharyya P, Chakraborty DP (1987) Carbazole Alkaloids. In: Herz W, Grisebach H, Kirby GW, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 52. Springer, p 159

    Google Scholar 

  1011. Chakraborty DP, Roy S (1991) Carbazole Alkaloids III. In: Herz W, Kirby GW, Steglich W, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 57. Springer, p 71

    Google Scholar 

  1012. Kaneda M, Kitahara T, Yamasaki K, Nakamura S (1990) Biosynthesis of Carbazomycin B II. Origin of the Whole Carbon Skeleton. J Antibiot 43: 1623

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1013. Itoigawa M, Kashiwada Y, Ito C, Furukawa H, Tachibana Y, Bastow KF, Lee K-H (2000) Antitumor Agents. 203. Carbazole Alkaloid Murrayaquinone A and Related Synthetic Carbazolequinones as Cytotoxic Agents. J Nat Prod 63: 893

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1014. Scott AI (1970) Biosynthesis of the Indole Alkaloids. Ace Chem Res 3: 151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1015. Blaskô G, Cordell GA (1990) Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biosynthesis of the Bisindole Alkaloids of Catharanthus. In: Brossi A, Suffness M (eds) The Alkaloids, vol. 37. Academic Press, p 1, and literature cited therein

    Google Scholar 

  1016. Massiot G, Vercauteren J, Richard B, Jacquier M J, Le Men-Olivier L (1982) Cabuflline, a New Bis-Indole Alkaloid from Cabucala caudata Mfg. (Apocyna-ceae). CR Séances Acad Sci Ser 2 294: 579

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1017. Morfaux A-M, Mouton P, Massiot G, Le Men-Olivier L (1992) Alkaloids from Tonduzia pittieri. Phytochemistry 31: 1079

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1018. Kunesch N, Cavé A, Hagaman EW, Wenkert E (1980) Dimeric Indoline Alkaloids of a New Biphenyl Type. Tetrahedron Lett 21: 1727

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1019. Morfaux A-M, Mouton P, Massiot G, Le Men-Olivier L (1990) Alkaloids from Stem-Bark of Tonduzia pittieri. Phytochemistry 29: 3345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1020. Leet JE, Schroeder DR, Golik J, Matson JA, Doyle TW, Lam KS, Hill SE, Lee MS, Whitney JL, Krishnan BS (1996) Himastatin, a New Antitumor Antibiotic from Steptomyces hygroscopicus III. Structural Elucidation. J Antibiot 49: 299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1021. Lam KS, Hesler GA, Mattei JM, Mamber SW, Forenza S, Tomita K (1990) Himastatin, a New Antitumor Antibiotic from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. I. Taxonomy of Producing Organism, Fermentation and Biological Activity. J Antibiot 43: 956

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1022. Miranda EC, Gilbert B (1969) Alkaloids of Aspidosperma melanocalyx Muell-Arg. Experientia 25: 575

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1023. Zhang HL, Nagatsu A, Sakakibara J (1996) Novel Antioxidants from Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Oil Cake. Chem Pharm Bull 44: 874

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1024. Damak M, Poupat C, Ahond A (1976) Bis[Hydroxy-l 1 Coronaridinyl]-12, Nouvel Alcaloide Dimere de Type Ibogane: Elucidation de la Structure par RM13C. Tetrahedron Lett 3531

    Google Scholar 

  1025. Torrenegra R, Pedrozo P. JA, Achenbach H, Bauereiß P (1988) Alkaloids of Stemmadenia grandiflora. Phytochemistry 27: 1843

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1026. Arbain D, Dachriyanus, Firmansyah, Sargent MV, Skelton BW, White AH (1998) Unusual Indole Alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza blumeana Korth. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2537

    Google Scholar 

  1027. Damak M, Ahond A, Potier P (1981) Contribution à l’étude des Taberna-emontanées américaines. II. Nouveaux alcaloides de Bonafousia tetrastachya (Humboldt, Bonpland et Kunth) Markgraf (Apocynacées). Bull Soc Chim Fr II: 213

    Google Scholar 

  1028. Carvalhas ML (1972) Bisjatrorrhizine, a new Dimeric Protoberberine Alkaloid from Jatrorrhiza palmata [Lam.] Miers. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 327

    Google Scholar 

  1029. Bauer W, Stadler R, Zenk MH (1992) Peroxidase Catalyzed Dimerization and Demethylation of Protoberberine Alkaloids. Bot Acta 105: 370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1030. van Rensburg WJ, Ferreira D, Malan E, Steenkamp JA (2000) Tyrosinase Catalysed Biphenyl Construction from Flavan-3-ol Substrates. Phytochemistry 53: 285

    Google Scholar 

  1031. Ishii H, Ishikawa T, Lu S-T, Chen I-S (1976) Arnottianamide and Isoarnottiana-mide: The Structural Establishment due to Chemical Conversion from the known Benzo[c]phenanthridine Alkaloids by the Novel Bayer-Villiger like Oxidation of an Immonium Group. Tetrahedron Lett 1203

    Google Scholar 

  1032. Wu S-J, Chen I-S, Chern C-Y, Teng C-M, Wu T-S (1996) Structure and Synthesis of Simulansamide, a Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor from Zanthoxylum simulans. J Chin Chem Soc 43: 195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1033. Martini U, Zapp J, Becker H (1998) Chlorinated Macrocyclic Bisbenzyls from the Liverwort Bazzania trilobata. Phytochemistry 47: 89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1034. Hashimoto T, Irita H, Takaoka S, Tanaka M, Asakawa Y (2000) New Chlorinated Cyclic Bis(bibenzyls) from the Liverworts Herbertus sakuraii and Mastigophora diclados. Tetrahedron 56: 3153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1035. Okuda T, Yoshida T, Hatano T (1995) Hydrolyzable Tannins and Related Polyphenols. In: Herz W, Kirby GW, Moore RE, Steglich W, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 66. Springer, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  1036. Pope GS (1964) Isolation of Two Benzocoumarins from ‘Clover Stone’, a Type of Renal Calculus Found in Sheep. Biochem J 93: 474

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1037. Raistrick H, Stickings CE, Thomas R (1953) Studies in the Biochemistry of Microorganisms. 90: Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether, Metabolic Products of Altemaria tenuis. Biochem J 55: 421

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1038. Rosett T, Sankhala RH, Stickings CE, Taylor MEU, Thomas R (1957) Studies in the Biochemistry of Micro-organisms. 103: Metabolites of Altemaria tenuis Auct.: Culture Filtrate Products. Biochem J 67: 390

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1039. Thomas R (1961) Studies in the Biosynthesis of Fungal Metabolites. 4: Alternariol Monomethyl Ether and its Relation to Other Phenolic Metabolites of Altemaria tenuis. Biochem J 80: 234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1040. Pero RW, Harvan D, Blois MC (1973) Isolation of the Toxin, Altenuisol, from the Fungus, Altemaria tenuis Auct. Tetrahedron Lett 945

    Google Scholar 

  1041. Freeman GG (1965) Isolation of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether from Altemaria dauci (Kühn) Groves and Skolko. Phytochemistry 5: 719

    Google Scholar 

  1042. Starrat AN, White GA (1968) Identification of Some Metabolites of Altemaria cucumerina (E. & E.) Ell. Phytochemistry 7: 1883

    Google Scholar 

  1043. Harris TM, Hay JV (1977) Biogenetically Modeled Syntheses of Heptaacetate Metabolites, Alternariol and Lichexanthone. J Am Chem Soc 99: 1631

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1044. Tanahashi T, Kuroishi M, Kuwahara A, Nagakura N, Hamada N (1997) Four Phenolics from the Cultured Lichen Mycobiont of Graphis scripta var. pulverulenta. Chem Pharm Bull 45: 1183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1045. Höller U, König GM, Wright AD (1999) A New Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor from a Marine Isolate of Ulocladium botrytis and New Metabolites from the Marine Fungi Asteromyces crueiatus and Varicosporina ramulosa. Eur J Org Chem 2949

    Google Scholar 

  1046. Ishiguro K, Yamaki M, Kashihara M, Takagi S, Isoi K (1990) A Chromene from Hypericum japonicum. Phytochemistry 29: 1010

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1047. Hacksell U, Daves Jr. GD (1985) The Chemistry and Biochemistry of C-Nucleosides and C-Arylglycosides. In: Ellis GP, West GB (eds) Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 22. Elsevier, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  1048. Hirayama N, Takahashi K, Shirahata K, Ohashi Y, Sasada Y (1981) Crystal and Molecular Structure of Antibiotic Gilvocarcin M. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 54: 1338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1049. Nakano H, Matsuda Y, Ito K, Ohkubo S, Morimoto M, Tomita F (1981) Gilvocarcins, New Antitumor Antibiotics. I: Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activities. J Antibiot 34: 266

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1050. Balitz DM, O’Herron FA, Bush J, Vyas DM, Nettleton DE, Grulich RE, Bradner WT, Doyle TW, Arnold E, Clardy J (1981) Antitumor Agents from Streptomyces anandii: Gilvocarcins V, M and E. J Antibiot 34: 1544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1051. Wei TT, Chan JA, Roller PP, Weiss U, Stroshane RM, White RJ, Byrne KM (1982) Detection of Gilvocarcin Antitumor Complex by a Biochemical Induction Assay (BIA). J Antibiot 35: 529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1052. Takahashi K, Yoshida M, Tomita F, Shirahata K (1981) Gilvocarcins, New Antitumor Antibiotics. II: Structural Elucidation. J Antibiot 34: 271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1053. Matsumoto T, Hosoya T, Suzuki K (1992) Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemical Assignment of Gilvocarcin M. J Am Chem Soc 114: 3568

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1054. Hosoya T, Takashiro E, Matsumoto T, Suzuki K (1994) Total Synthesis of the Gilvocarcins. J Am Chem Soc 116: 1004

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1055. James CA, Snieckus V (1997) Combined Directed Metalation — Cross Coupling Strategies. Total Synthesis of the Aglycones of Gilvocarcin V, M and E. Tetrahedron Lett 38: 8149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1056. Morimoto M, Okubo S, Tomita F, Marumo H (1981) Gilvocarcins, New Antitumor Antibiotics. 111: Antitumor Activity. J Antibiot 34: 701

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1057. Horii S, Fukase H, Mizuta E, Hatano K, Mizuno K (1980) Chemistry of Toromycin. Chem Pharm Bull 28: 3601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1058. Tomita F, Takahashi K-I, Tamaoki T (1982) Gilvocarcins, New Antitumor Antibiotics. IV: Mode of Action. J Antibiot 35: 1038

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1059. Wei TT, Byrne KM, Warnick-Pickle D, Greenstein M (1982) Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Gilvocarcin V and Chrysomycin A. J Antibiot 35: 545

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1060. McGee LR, Misra R (1990) Gilvocarcin Photobiology: Isolation and Characterization of the DNA Photoadduct. J Am Chem Soc 112: 2386

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1061. Jain TC, Simolike GC, Jackman LM (1983) Structure and Stereochemistry of Toromycin; Studies of its Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement. Tetrahedron 39: 599

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1062. Sehgal SN, Vezina C (1979) Ravidomycin (AY-25,545), a New Antitumor Antibiotic. Curr Chemother Infect Dis, Proc Int Congr Chemother, 11th 2: 1553

    Google Scholar 

  1063. Sehgal SN, Vezina C (Ayerst, McKenna and Harrison Ltd.) Ravidomycin, and Pharmaceutical Compositions containing It. 1978

    Google Scholar 

  1064. Sehgal SN, Czerkawski H, Kudelski A, Pandev K, Saucier R, Vézina C (1983) Ravidomycin (AY-25,545), A New Antitumor Antibiotic. J Antibiot 36: 355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1065. Narita T, Matsumoto M, Mogi K, Kukita K-I, Kawahara R, Nakashima T (1989) Deacetylravidomycin TV-Oxide, a New Antibiotic. Taxonomy and Fermentation of the Producing Organism and Isolation, Structure and Biological Properties of the Antibiotic. J Antibiot 42: 347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1066. Findlay JA, Liu J-S, Radies L, Rakhit S (1981) The Structure of Ravidomycin. Can J Chem 59: 3018

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1067. Findlay JA, Liu J-S, Radics L (1983) On the Structure, Chemistry, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Ravidomycin. Can J Chem 61: 323

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1068. Knapp S, Lal GS, Sahai D (1986) Synthesis of (-)-Methyl Ravidosaminide. J Org Chem 51: 380

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1069. Brazhnikova MG, Kudinova MK, Kulyaeva VV, Potapova NP, Ponomarenko VI (1977) Physicochemical Characteristics of Virenomycin, a New Antitumorigenic Antibiotic. Antibiotiki 22: 967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1070. Kulyaeva VV, Kudinova MK, Potapova NP, Rubasheva LM, Brazhnikova MG, Rozynov BV, Bekker AR (1978) Structure of the Carbohydrate Moiety of the Antibiotic Virenomycin. Bioorg Khim 4: 1087

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1071. Brazhnikova MG, Kudinova MK, Kulyaeva VV, Potapova NP, Rubasheva LM, Rozynov BV, Horvath G (1984) Structure of Virenomycin. Antibiotiki 29: 884

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1072. Yoshimura J, Hong N, Sato K-i (1980) Synthesis of Methyl ß-D-Virenoside. Chem Lett 1131

    Google Scholar 

  1073. Weiss U, Yoshihira K, Highet RJ, White RJ, Wei TT (1982) The Chemistry of the Antibiotics Chrysomycin A and B. Antitumor Activity of Chrysomycin A. J Antibiot 35: 1194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1074. Matson JA, Myllymaki RW, Doyle TW, Bush JA (1982) Antitumor Agents Albacarcins V and M. Bristol-Myers Co

    Google Scholar 

  1075. Kojiri K, Arakawa H, Satoh F, Kawamura K, Okura A, Suda H, Okanishi M (1991) New Antitumor Substances, BE-12406A and BE-12406B, Produced by a Streptomycete. I: Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties. J Antibiot 44: 1054

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1076. Nakajima S, Kojiri K, Suda H, Okanishi M (1991) New Antitumor Substances, BE-12406A and BE-12406B, Produced by a Streptomycete. II: Structure Determination. J Antibiot 44: 1061

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1077. Hosoya T, Takashiro E, Matsumoto T, Suzuki K (1994) First Total Synthesis of BE-12406 A. Tetrahedron Lett 35: 4591

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1078. Hosoya T, Takashiro E, Yamamoto Y, Matsumoto T, Suzuki K (1996) Total Syntheses of BE-12406 A and its C(8)-Vinyl Analog. Heterocycles 42: 397

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1079. Carter GT, Fantini AA, James JC, Borders DB, White RJ (1985) Biosynthesis of Chrysomycins A and B. Origin of the Chromophore. J Antibiot 38: 242

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1080. Carter GT, Fantini AA, James JC, Borders DB, White RJ (1984) Biosynthesis of Ravidomycin. Use of 13C-l3C-Double Quantum NMR to Follow Precursor Incorporation. Tetrahedron Lett 25: 255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1081. Keyes RF, Kingston DGI (1989) Stereochemistry of Hydrogen Loss on Formation of the Vinyl Group in the Biosynthesis of Ravidomycin. J Org Chem 54: 6127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1082. Misra R, Tritch III HR, Pandey RC (1985) Defucogilvocarcin V, a New Antibiotic from Streptomyces Arenae 2064: Isolation, Characterization, Partial Synthesis and Biological Activity. J Antibiot 38: 1280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1083. Hart DJ, Mannino A (1996) Synthesis of Defucogilvocarcin V Isosteres Via MAD-Mediated Conjugate Addition of Carbanions to Naphthoquinone Ketals. Tetrahedron 52: 3841

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1084. Hua DH, Saha S (1995) Gilvocarcins. Reel Trav Chim Pays-Bas 114: 341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1085. Suzuki K (1994) Total Synthesis of Aryl C-glycoside Antibiotics. Pure Appl Chem 66: 2175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1086. Suzuki K, Matsumoto T (1993) Total Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycoside Antibiotics. In: Lukacs G (ed) Recent Progress in the Chemical Synthesis of Antibiotics and Related Microbial Products, vol. 2. Springer, p 353

    Google Scholar 

  1087. Farr RN, Kwok DI, Daves Jr. GD (1992) 8-Ethenyl-l-hydroxy-4-ß-D-ribo-furanosylbenzo[J]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-6-one and 8-Ethenyl-1 -hydroxy-4-(2′-de-oxy-ß-D-ribofuranosyl)benzo[J]naphtho[l ,2-b]pyran-6-one. Synthetic C-Glycosides Related to the Gilvocarcin, Ravidomycin, and Chrysomycin Antibiotics. J Org Chem 57: 2093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1088. Parker KA, Coburn CA (1991) A Strategy for the Convergent Synthesis of Gilvocarcins via Chromium Carbene Benzannulation. 1-O-Methyldefucogilvocar-cin V in Seven Steps. J Org Chem 56: 1666

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1089. Parker KA, Coburn CA (1992) A Strategy for the Convergent Synthesis of Gilvocarcins via Chromium Carbene Benzannulation. 1-O-Methyldefucogilvocar-cin V in Seven Steps. J Org Chem 57: 1318

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1090. Yang J-S, Ye L Studies of Chemical Constituents from Duchesnea indica Focke. In: Progress in Drug Development from Medicinal Plants (Proceeding of UNESCO Regional Symposium on Drug Development from Medicinal Plants; 25.–27. Okt. 1996); Hangzhou, p 159

    Google Scholar 

  1091. Daves Jr. GD (1990) C-Glucoside Synthesis by Palladium-Mediated Glycal-Aglycon Coupling Reactions. Acc Chem Res 23: 201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1092. Hua DH, Saha S, Maeng JC, Bensoussan D (1990) The Pechmann Reaction and Regioselective Oxidation with Selenium Dioxide. Synthesis of the 12-Dem-ethoxydefucogilvocarcin Ring System. Synlett 233

    Google Scholar 

  1093. Deshpande PP, Martin OR (1990) A Concise Total Synthesis of the Aglycone of the Gilvocarcins. Tetrahedron Lett 31: 6313

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1094. Outten RA, Daves Jr. GD (1989) Benzo[d]naphtho[l,2-/?]pyran-6-one C-Gluco-sides: Aryltri-n-butylstannanes in Palladium-Mediated Coupling with 2,3-Dihyd-ropyran and Furanoid Glycals. J Org Chem 54: 29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1095. Kwok D-I, Daves Jr. GD (1989) Synthetic 8-Vinylbenzo[naphtho[l,2–6]pyran-6-one C-Glycoside. J Org Chem 54: 4496

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1096. Hart DJ, Merriman GH (1989) A New Synthesis of Defucogilvocarcin M. Tetrahedron Lett 30: 5093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1097. Jung ME, Jung YH (1988) Total Synthesis of the Aglycone of the 8-Methyl Benzonaphthopyrone Antibiotics, Gilvocarcin M, Virenomycin M, and Albacarcin M. Tetrahedron Lett 29: 2517

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1098. Patten AD, Nguyen NH, Danishefsky SJ (1988) A Concise Total Synthesis of Defucogilvocarcin V by Application of the Meyers Biaryl Strategy: Ortho- and Para-Selective Functionalizations of the A Ring. J Org Chem 53: 1003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1099. Kwok D-I, Outten RA, Huhn R, Daves Jr. GD (1988) 8-Ethyl-l-meth-oxybenzo[d]naphtho[l,2–6]pyran-6-one C-Glycosides by Acid-Catalyzed Glycosylate. J Org Chem 53: 5359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1100. McGee LR, Confalone PN (1988) On the Photobiology of the Gilvocarcins. Total Synthesis of Defucogilvocarcin V and a Related Photoactive Vinyl Phenol. J Org Chem 53: 3695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1101. Findlay JA, Daljeet A, Murray PJ, Rej RN (1987) Total Synthesis of the Ravidomycin Aglycone (Defucogilvocarcin V). Can J Chem 65: 427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1102. Outten RA, Daves Jr. GD (1987) Synthetic l-Methoxybenzo[d]naphtho[l,2-b]pyran-6-one C-Glucosides. J Org Chem 52: 5064

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1103. McKenzie TC, Hassen W (1987) Synthesis of the Ravidomycin Ring System. Tetrahedron Lett 28: 2563

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1104. Ishii H, Ishikawa T, Murota M, Aoki Y, Harayama T (1993) Structure and Synthesis of Arnottin I: a 6H-Benzo[V[d]naphtho[l,2–6]pyran-6-one Derivative from a Plant Source. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1019

    Google Scholar 

  1105. Harayama T, Yasuda H (1997) A Concise Synthesis of Arnottin I via Internal Biaryl Coupling Reaction Using Palladium Reagent. Heterocycles 46: 61

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1106. Brown JR, Spring MS, Stoker JR (1971) Biosynthesis of the Aglycone of Chartreusin in Streptomyces SP. X-465. Phytochemistry 10: 2059

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1107. Canham P, Vining LC, Mclnnes AG, Walter JA, Wright JLC (1976) Pattern of Acetate Incorporation into the Aglycon of Chartreusin: Evidence from 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies for a Single-chain Polyketide Intermediate. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 319

    Google Scholar 

  1108. Leach BE, Calhoun KM, Johnson LE, Teeters CM, Jackson WG (1953) Chartreusin, a New Antibiotic Produced by Streptomyces chartreusis, a New Species. J Am Chem Soc 75: 4011

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1109. Berger J, Sternbach LH, Pollock RG, La Sala ER, Kaiser S, Goldberg MW (1958) Isolation of Antibiotic X-465A and its Identification with Chartreusin. J Am Chem Soc 80: 1636

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1110. Sternbach LH, Kaiser S, Goldberg MW (1958) Degradation of Chartreusin (Antibiotic X-465A). J Am Chem Soc 80: 1639

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1111. Simonitsch E, Eisenhuth W, Stamm OA, Schmid H (1960) Über die Struktur des Chartreusins. Helv Chim Acta 43: 58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1112. Simonitsch E, Eisenhuth W, Stamm OA, Schmid H (1964) Über die Struktur des Chartreusins I. Helv Chim Acta 47: 1459

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1113. Eisenhuth W, Stamm OA, Schmid H (1964) Über die Struktur des Chartreusins II. Helv Chim Acta 47: 1475

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1114. Schmid H (1963) Über das Chartreusin. Angew Chem 75: 347

    Google Scholar 

  1115. Sugawara K, Tsunakawa M, Konishi M, Kawaguchi H, Krishnan B, Cunheng H, Clardy J (1987) Elsamicins A and B, New Antitumor Antibiotics Related to Chartreusin. 2. Structures of Elsamicins A and B. J Org Chem 52: 996

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1116. Konishi M, Sugawara K, Kofu F, Nishiyama Y, Tomita K, Miyaki T, Kawaguchi H (1986) Elsamicins, New Antitumor Antibiotics Related to Chartreusin. I. Production, Isolation, Characterization, and Antitumor Activity. J Antibiot 39: 784

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1117. Martin SF (1987) The Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 30. Academic Press, p 251

    Google Scholar 

  1118. Simanek V (1985) Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 26. Academic Press, p 185

    Google Scholar 

  1119. Kochetkov NK, Khorlin A, Chizhov OS, Sheichenko VI (1961) Schizandrin -Lignan of Unusual Structure. Tetrahedron Lett 730

    Google Scholar 

  1120. Kochetkov NK, Khorlin A, Chizhov OS (1962) Deoxyschizandrin — Structure and total Synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 361

    Google Scholar 

  1121. Chen YY, Shu ZB, Li LN (1976) Studies on Fructus Schizandrae. IV: Isolation and Determination of the Active Compounds (in Lowering, High SGPT Levels) of Schizandra chinensis Baill. Scientia Sinica 19: 276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1122. Lianniang L, Hung X, Rui T (1985) Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Roots and Stems of Kadsura coccinea. Planta Med 51: 297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1123. Rui T, Lianniang L, Qicheng F (1986) The Stereostructure of Wuweizisu B. Planta Med 52: 49

    Google Scholar 

  1124. Lianniang L, Yong C (1986) Further Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Roots and Stems of Kadsura longipedunculata. Planta Med 52: 410

    Google Scholar 

  1125. Hikino H, Kiso Y, Taguchi H, Ikeya Y (1984) Antihepatotoxic Actions of Lignoids from Schizandra chinensis Fruits. Planta Med 50: 213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1126. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Kobayashi H (1979) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. I: Isolation and Structure Determination of five new Lignans, Gomisin A, B, C, F and G, and the absolute Structure of Schizandrin. Chem Pharm Bull 27: 1383

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1127. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Sasaki H, Nakajima K, Yosioka I (1980) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. VI: 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans. Chem Pharm Bull 28: 2414

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1128. Yu Y, Chen D, Situ B (1996) Determination of Lignans of Kadsura interior A.C. Smith by HPLC. Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi 16: 313

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1129. Liu C-S, Fang S-D, Huang M-F, Kao Y-L, Hsu J-S (1978) Studies on the Active Principles of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils: The Structures of Schisanth-erin A, B, C, D, E, and the Related Compounds. Scientia Sinica 21: 483

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1130. Liu C-S, Huang M-F, Kao Y-L (1978) Studies on the Constituents of Yi-Geng-Wu-Wei-Zi (Schisandra henryi Clarke). I. Structures of Schisanhenol and Deoxyschi-sandrin. Hua Hsueh Hsueh Pao 36: 193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1131. Lee YW, Voyksner RD, Pack TW, Cook CE, Fang QC, Ito Y (1990) Application of Countercurrent Chromatography/Thermospray Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Bioactive Lignans from Plant Natural Products. Anal Chem 62: 244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1132. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Kobayashi H (1979) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. III: The Structures of Four New Lignans, Gomisin H and its Derivatives, Angeloyl-, Tigloyl- and Benzoyl-gomisin H. Chem Pharm Bull 27: 1576

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1133. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1982) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. X: The Structures of y-Schizandrin and Four New Lignans, (—)-Gomisins Li and L2, (±)-Gomisin M1 and (+)-Gomisin M2. Chem Pharm Bull 30: 132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1134. Wang D, Sun H, Han Y, Wang X, Yuan C (1997) Studies on Chemical Constituents of the Stems and Leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 22: 486

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1135. Rui T, Liangniang T, Quicheng F (1984) Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Kadsura longipedunculata: Isolation and Structure Elucidation of five new Lignans. Planta Med 50: 414

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1136. Cambie RC, Clark GR, Craw PA, Rutledge PS, Woodgate PD (1984) Synthesis and Structure of a Stegane from Dimethylmatairesinol. Aust J Chem 37: 1775

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1137. Burden JK, Cambie RC, Craw PA, Rutledge PS, Woodgate PD (1988) Oxidative Coupling of Lignans. IV: Monophenolic Oxidative Coupling. Aust J Chem 41: 919

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1138. Robin J-P, Landais Y (1988) Ruthenium(IV) Dioxide in Fluoro Acid Medium: An Efficient Biaryl Phenol Coupling Process, exemplified with a Biomimetic Access to the Skeleton of Steganacin from Prosteganes. J Org Chem 53: 224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1139. Pelter A, Ward RS, Venkateswarlu R, Kamakshi C (1991) Oxidative Transformations of Lignans — Reactions of Dihydrocubebin and a Derivative with DDQ. Tetrahedron 47: 1275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1140. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Kobayashi H (1979) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. IV: The Structures of Two New Lignans, Pre-gomisin and Gomisin J. Chem Pharm Bull 27: 1583

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1141. Taguchi H, Ikeya Y (1975) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. I: The Structures of Gomisin A, B and C. Chem Pharm Bull 23: 3296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1142. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Iitaka Y (1976) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. The Structure of a New Lignan, Gomisin D. Tetrahedron Lett 1359

    Google Scholar 

  1143. Taguchi H, Ikeya Y (1977) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. The Structures of Two New Lignans, Gomisin F and G, and the Absolute Structures of Gomisin A, B, and C. Chem Pharm Bull 25: 364

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1144. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1978) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. The Structures of Three New Lignans, Angeloylgomisin H, Tigloylgomisin H and Benzoylgomisin H, and the Absolute Structure of Schizandrin. Chem Pharm Bull 26: 328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1145. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Kobayashi H (1978) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill: The Structures of Two New Lignans, Gomisin N and Tigloylgomisin P. Chem Pharm Bull 26: 3257

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1146. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1978) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. The Structures of Two New Lignans, Pre-gomisin and Gomisin J. Chem Pharm Bull 26: 682

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1147. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Kobayashi H (1979) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. V: The Structures of Four New Lignans, Gomisin N, Gomisin O, Epigomisin O and Gomisin E, and Transformation of Gomisin N to Deangeloylgomisin B. Chem Pharm Bull 27: 2695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1148. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Litaka Y, Kobayashi H (1979) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. II: The Structure of a New Lignan, Gomisin D. Chem Pharm Bull 27: 1395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1149. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Kobayashi H (1980) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. VIII: The Structures of Two New Lignans, Tigloylgomisin P and Angeloylgomisin P. Chem Pharm Bull 28: 3357

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1150. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1980) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. VII: The Structures of Three New Lignans. (-)-Gomisin K1 and (+)-Gomisins K2 and K3. Chem Pharm Bull 28: 2422

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1151. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1981) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. IX: The Cleavage of the Methylenedioxyl Moiety with Lead Tetraacetate in Benzene, and the Structure of Angeloylgomisin Q. Chem Pharm Bull 29: 2893

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1152. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1982) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. XII: Isolation and Structure of a New Lignan, Gomisin R, the Absolute Structure of Wuweizisu C and Isolation of Schisantherin D. Chem Pharm Bull 30: 3207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1153. Ikeya Y, Ookawa N, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1982) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. XI: The Structures of Three New Lignans, Angeloylgomisin O, and Angeloyl- and Benzoylisogomisin O. Chem Pharm Bull 30: 3202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1154. Ikeya Y, Kanatani H, Hakozaki M, Taguchi H, Mitsuhashi H (1988) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. XV: Isolation and Structure Determination of Two New Lignans, Gomisin S and Gomisin T. Chem Pharm Bull 36: 3974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1155. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Mitsuhashi H, Takeda S, Kase Y, Aburada M (1988) A Lignan from Schizandra chinensis. Phytochemistry 27: 569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1156. Chen Y-Y, Li L-N (1976) Studies on Fruit of Schisandra. Structure Determination of Wuweizi A and Wuweizi Ester B. Hua Hsueh Hsueh Pao 34: 45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1157. He X-G, Lian L-Z, Lin L-Z (1997) Analysis of Lignan Constituents from Schisandra chinensis by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A757: 81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1158. Slanina J, Paulova H, Taborska E (1997) Isolation and Antioxidative Activity of Lignans from Schisandra chinensis Seeds. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 7: 53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1159. Ikeya Y, Miki E, Okada M, Mitsuhashi H, Chai J-G (1990) Benzoylgomisin Q and Benzoylgomisin P, two new Lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. Chem Pharm Bull 38: 1408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1160. Ikeya Y, Sugama K, Okada M, Mitsuhashi H (1991) Two Lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera. Phytochemistry 30: 975

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1161. Liu J, Zhou H (1991) Isolation and Structures of Schisanlignone A, B and Butyryl Binankadsurin A. Huaxue Xuebao 49: 412

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1162. Chen Y-P, Liu R, Hsu H-Y, Yamamura S, Shizuri Y, Hirata Y (1977) The New Schizandrin-type Lignans, Kadsurin and Kadsurarin. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 50: 1824

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1163. Ookawa N, Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I (1981) The Constituents of Kadsura japonica Dunal. I: The Structures of Three New Lignans, Acetyl-, Angeloyl- and Caproyl-binankadsurin A. Chem Pharm Bull 29: 123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1164. Ookawa N, Ikeya Y, Sugama K, Taguchi H, Maruno M (1995) Dibenzocyclooct-adiene lignans from Kadsura japonica. Phytochemistry 39: 1187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1165. Li L-N, Xue H, Li X (1991) Three New Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Kadsura longipedunculata. Planta Med 57: 169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1166. Liu J-S, Li L (1993) Schisantherins L-O and Acetylschisantherin L from Kadsura coccinea. Phytochemistry 32: 1293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1167. Liu J-S, Li L (1995) Schisantherins P and Q, Two Lignans from Kadsura coccinea. Phytochemistry 38: 1009

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1168. Chen D-F, Xu G-J, Yang X-W, Hattori M, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T, Namba T (1992) Dibenzocyclo-octadiene lignans from Kadsura heteroclita. Phytochemistry 31: 629

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1169. Chen Y-G, Wang P, Lin Z-W, Sun H-D, Qin G-W, Xie Y-Y (1998) Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Kadsura angustifolia. Phytochemistry 48: 1059

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1170. Chen D-F, Zhang S-X, Chen K, Zhou B-N, Wang P, Cosentino LM, Lee K-H (1996) Two New Lignans, Interiotherins A and B, as Anti-HIV Principles from Kadsura interior. J Nat Prod 59: 1066

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1171. Taafrout M, Rouessac F, Robin J-P (1983) L’Araliangine, Nouveau Lignane Bisbenzocyclooctadienolactonique de Steganotaenia araliacea, Hochst. Tetrahedron Lett 24: 197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1172. Taafrout M, Rouessac F, Robin J-P, Hicks RP, Shillady DD, Sneden AT (1984) Neoisostegane, a new Bisbenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Lactone from Steganotaenia araliacea. J Nat Prod 47: 600

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1173. Robin J-P, Davoust D, Taafrout M (1986) Les Steganolides B et C, Noveaux Lignanes Analogues de L’Epistéganacine, Isolés a Partir de Steganotaenia araliacea Höchst. — Correlation I3C-1H de la Steganacine, en RMN Bidimensionnelle. Tetrahedron Lett 27: 2871

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1174. Taafrout M, Landais Y, Robin J-P, Davoust D (1986) Isolement, Étude Stéréochimique et Synthèse Biomimétique du Stéganolide A, Nouveau Lignane Bisbenzocyclooctadiénolactonique de Steganotaenia araliacea. Tetrahedron Lett 27: 1781

    Google Scholar 

  1175. Spencer GF, Flippen-Anderson JL (1981) Isolation and X-ray Structure Determination of a Neolignan from Clerodendron inerme Seeds. Phytochemistry 20: 2757

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1176. Liu J-S, Fang S-D, Huang M-F, Gao Y-L, Hsu J-S (1976) Studies on the Constituents of Hua-Zhong-Wu-Wei-Zi (Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd et Wils). II. The Structures of Schisantherin A, B, C, D, E and related Compounds. Hua Hsueh Hsueh Pao 34: 229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1177. Kiso Y, Tohkin M, Hikino H, Ikeya Y, Taguchi H (1985) Mechanism of Antihepatotoxic Activity of Wuweizisu C and Gomisin A. Planta Med 51: 331

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1178. Marek J, Slanina J (1998) Gomisin N. Acta Cryst C54: 1548

    Google Scholar 

  1179. Tomioka K, Ishiguro T, Iitaka Y, Koga K (1984) Asymmetric Total Synthesis of natural (—)- and unnatural (+)-Steganacin. Determination of the Absolute Configurations of natural antitumor Steganacin. Tetrahedron 40: 1303

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1180. Ip S-P, Ma C-Y, Che C-T, Ko K-M (1997) Methylenedioxy Group as Determinant of Schisandrin in Enhancing Hepatic Mitochondrial Glutathione in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Mice. Biochem Pharmacol 54: 317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1181. Zhong Z, Wang Q, Yang R (1996) HPLC Determination of Schizandrin B in Livoprotect Tablets. Zhongcaoyao 27: 215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1182. Nakajima K, Taguchi H, Ikeya Y, Endo T, Yosioka I (1983) The Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. XIII. Quantitative Analyses of Lignans in the Fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baill by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Yak-ugaku Zasshi 103: 743

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1183. Zhu Y, Yan K, Wu J, Tu G (1988) Assay of Lignans of Schizandra chinensis in Sheng Mai San by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr 438: 447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1184. Slanina J, Taborska E, Lojková L (1997) Lignans in the Seeds and Fruits of Schisandra chinensis Cultured in Europe. Planta Med 63: 277

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1185. Lojkovâ L, Slanina J, Mikesová M, Taborská E, Vejrosta J (1997) Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lignans from Seeds and Leaves of Schizandra chinensis. Phytochem Anal 8: 261

    Google Scholar 

  1186. Warshawsky AM, Meyers AI (1990) Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Dib-enzocyclooctadiene Lignans (-)-Schizandrin and (-)-Isoschizandrin. Structure Revision of (+)-Isoschizandrin. J Am Chem Soc 112: 8090

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1187. Gottlieb HE, Mervic M, Ghera E, Frolow F (1982) Conformational Study of Dibenzocyclooctadiene Systems related to the Schizandrin-type Lignans. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2353

    Google Scholar 

  1188. Damon RE, Schlessinger RH (1976) A Short Synthesis of (±)-Isostegane. J Org Chem 41: 3772

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1189. Kende AS, Liebeskind LS, Kubiak C, Eisenberg R (1976) Isosteganacin. J Am Chem Soc 98: 6389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1190. Becker D, Hughes LR, Raphael RA (1977) Total Synthesis of the Antileukaemic Lignan (i)-Steganacin. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 1674

    Google Scholar 

  1191. Tanaka M, Mitsuhashi H, Maruno M, Wakamatsu T (1994) First Total Synthesis of Optically Pure Deoxyschizandrin and Wuweizisu C. The Thermal Stability of Biaryl Configuration. Tetrahedron Lett 35: 3733

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1192. Tomioka K, Mizuguchi H, Koga K (1979) Novel Isomerization of Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Lactone — First Synthesis of (+)-Stegane. Tetrahedron Lett 1409

    Google Scholar 

  1193. Brown E, Robin J-P (1978) A New Route to the Bis-benzocyclooctadiene Lignan Skeleton: Total Synthesis of (±)-Picrostegane; (±)-Isopicrostegane and (±)-Isostegane. Tetrahedron Lett 3613

    Google Scholar 

  1194. Yang X-W, Miyashiro H, Hattori M, Namba T, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T, Chen D-F, Xu G-J, Hori T, Extine M, Mizuno H (1992) Isolation of Novel Lignans, Heteroclitins F and G, from the Stems of Kadsura heteroclita, and Anti-lipid Peroxidative Actions of Heteroclitins A-G and Related Compounds in the in vitro Rat Liver Homogenate System. Chem Pharm Bull 40: 1510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1195. Liu J-S, Huang M-F, Ayer WA, Nakashima TT (1984) Structure of Enshicine from Schisandra henryi. Phytochemistry 23: 1143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1196. Yang X-W, Hattori M, Namba T, Chen D-F, Xu G-J (1992) Anti-lipid Peroxidative Effect of an Extract of the Stems of Kadsura heteroclita and its Major Constituent, Kadsurin, in Mice. Chem Pharm Bull 40: 406

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1197. Sakurai H, Nikaido T, Ohmoto T, Ikeya Y, Mitsuhashi H (1992) Inhibitors of Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase from Schizandra chinen-sis and the Structure Activity Relationship of Lignans. Chem Pharm Bull 40: 1191

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1198. Yasukawa K, Ikeya Y, Mitsuhashi H, Iwasaki M, Aburada M, Nakagawa S, Takeuchi M, Takido M (1992) Gomisin A Inhibits Tumor Promotion by 12–0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in Two-stage Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin. Oncology 49: 68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1199. Nagai H, Yakuo I, Aoki M, Teshima K, Ono Y, Sengoku T, Shimazawa T, Aburada M, Koda A (1989) The Effect of Gomisin A on Immunologic Liver Injury in Mice. Planta Med 55: 13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1200. Kubo S, Ohkura Y, Mizoguchi Y, Matsui-Yuasa I, Otani S, Morisawa S, Kinoshita H, Takeda S, Aburada M, Hosoya E (1992) Effect of Gomisin A (TJN-101) on Liver Regeneration. Planta Med 58: 489

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1201. Yamada S, Murawaki Y, Kawasaki H (1993) Preventive Effect of Gomisin A, a Lignan Component of Shizandra Fruits, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotox-icity in Rats. Biochem Pharmacol 46: 1081

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1202. Peng H-L, Chen D-F, Lan H-X, Zhang X-M, Gu Z, Jiang M-H (1996) Anti-Lipid Peroxidation of Gomisin J on Liver Mitochondria and Cultured Myocardial Cells. Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao 17: 538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1203. Shiota G, Yamada S, Kawasaki H (1996) Rapid Induction of Hepatocyte Growth Factor mRNA After Administration of Gomisin A, a Lignan Component of Shizandra Fruits. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 94: 141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1204. Ohtaki Y, Hida T, Hiramatsu K, Kanitani M, Ohshima T, Nomura M, Wakita H, Aburada M, Miyamoto K-I (1996) Deoxycholic Acid as an Endogenous Risk Factor for Hepatocarcinogenesis and Effects of Gomisin A, a Lignan Component of Schizandra Fruits. Anticancer Res 16: 751

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1205. Xue J, Liu G, Wei H, Pan Y (1992) Antioxidant Activity of Two Dibenzocyclooctene Lignans on the Aged and Ischemic Brain in Rats. Free Radical Biol Med 12: 127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1206. Ip SP, Poon MKT, Wu SS, Che CT, Ng KH, Kong YC, Ko KM (1995) Effect of Schisandrin B on Hepatic Glutathione Antioxidant System in Mice: Protection Against Carbon Tetrachloride Toxicity. Planta Med 61: 398

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1207. Hicks RP, Sneden AT (1983) Neoisostegane, A New Bisbenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Lactone from Steganotaenia araliacea Höchst. Tetrahedron Lett 24: 2987

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1208. Wang RW-J, Rebhun LI, Kupchan SM (1977) Antimitotic and Antitubulin Activity of the Tumor Inhibitor Steganacin. Cancer Res 37: 3071

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1209. Ikeya Y, Sugama K, Tanaka M, Wakamatsu T, Ono H, Takeda S, Oyama T, Maruno M (1995) Structure Determination of Biliary Metabolites of Schizandrin in Rat and Dog. Chem Pharm Bull 43: 121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1210. Ikeya Y, Mitsuhashi H, Sasaki H, Matsuzaki Y, Matsuzaki T, Hosoya E (1990) Studies on the Metabolism of Gomisin A (TJN-101). II: Structure Determination of Biliary and Urinary Metabolites in Rat. Chem Pharm Bull 38: 136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1211. Takeya T, Nakagawa M, Ohguchi A, Tobinaga S (1994) Non-enzymic and Enzymic Oxygenations of a Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignan, (±)-Deoxyschizandrin: Implications for Biosynthesis of the Corresponding Lignans. Chem Pharm Bull 42: 1694

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1212. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Mitsuhashi H, Sasaki H, Matsuzaki T, Aburada M, Hosoya E (1988) Studies on the Metabolism of Gomisin A (TJN-101). 1: Oxidative Products of Gomisin A Formed by Rat Liver S9 Mix. Chem Pharm Bull 36: 2061

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1213. Ward RS (1990) Asymmetric Synthesis of Lignans. Tetrahedron 46: 5029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1214. Morimoto T, Chiba M, Achiwa K (1990) An Efficient Synthesis of Natural (+)-Neoisostegane using Asymmetric Hydrogénation Catalyzed by a Chiral Bisphos-phine-Rhodium(I) Complex. Heterocycles 30: 363

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1215. Ohshima T, Tanaka M, Mitsuhashi H, Maruno M, Wakamatsu T (1995) Total Synthesis of Homochiral Kadsurin Having the Natural Configuration. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 6: 139, and literature cited therein

    Google Scholar 

  1216. Tanaka M, Ohshima T, Mitsuhashi H, Maruno M, Wakamatsu T (1995) Total Synthesis of the Lignans Isolated from Schisandra chinensis. Tetrahedron 51: 11693, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1217. Tanaka M, Mukaiyama C, Mitsuhashi H, Maruno M, Wakamatsu T (1995) Synthesis of Optically Pure Gomisi Lignans: The Total Synthesis of (+)-Schizandrin, (+)-Gomisin A, and (+)-Isoschizandrin in Naturally Occurring Forms. J Org Chem 60: 4339, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1218. Meyers AI, Flisak JR, Aitken RA (1987) An Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Steganone. Further Application of Chiral Biaryl Syntheses. J Am Chem Soc 109: 5446

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1219. Uemura M, Daimon A, Hayashi Y (1995) An Asymmetric Synthesis of an Axially Chiral Biaryl via an (Arene)chromium Complex: Formal Synthesis of (—)-Steganone. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1943

    Google Scholar 

  1220. Monovich LG, Huérou YL, Rönn M, Molander GA (2000) Total Synthesis of (-)-Steganone Utilizing a Samarium(II) Iodide Promoted 8-Endo Ketyl-Olefin Cycli-zation. J Am Chem Soc 122: 52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1221. Nagai M, Nagumo S, Lee S-M, Eguchi I, Kawai K-I (1986) Protosappanin A, a Novel Biphenyl Compound from Sappan Lignum. Chem Pharm Bull 34: 1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1222. Nagai M, Nagumo S (1986) Protosappanin B, a New Dibenzoxocin Derivative from Sappan Lignum. Heterocycles 24: 601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1223. Schreder J (1872) Ueber das Sappanin. Chem Ber 5: 572

    Google Scholar 

  1224. Zarga MHA, Sabri SS, Al-Tel TH, Atta-ur-Rahman, Shah Z, Feroz M (1991) New Natural Dibenzocycloheptylamine Alkaloids: A Possible Catabolic Route for the Colchicine Alkaloids. J Nat Prod 54: 936

    Google Scholar 

  1225. Banwell MG, Fam M-A, Gable RW, Hamel E (1994) Total Syntheses of the Structures Assigned to Salimine and Jerusalemine, Alkaloids from Colchicum decaisnei Boiss. (Liliaceae). J Chem Soc Chem Commun 2647

    Google Scholar 

  1226. Iorio MA (1984) Contraction of the Tropolonic Ring of Colchicine by Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation. Heterocycles 22: 2207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1227. Boyé O, Brossi A (1992) Tropolonic Colchicum Alkaloids and Alio Congeners. In: Brossi A, Cordell GA (eds) The Alkaloids, vol. 41. Academic Press, p 125

    Google Scholar 

  1228. Fernholz H (1950) Über die Umlagerung des Colchicins mit Natriumalkoholat und die Struktur des Ringes C. Liebigs Ann 568: 63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1229. Santavy F (1948) Préparation de l’Acide Colchicique à Partir de la Colchicine. Helv Chim Acta 31: 821

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1230. Ridley DD, Ritchie E, Taylor WC (1970) Chemical Studies of the Proteaceae. IV: The Structures of the Major Phenols of Grevillea striata; A Group of Novel Cyclophanes. Aust J Chem 23: 147

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1231. Begley M J, Campbell RVM, Crombie L, Tuck B, Whiting DA (1971) Constitution and Absolute Configuration of meta, meta-Bridged, Strained Biphenyls from Myrica nagi\ X-ray Analysis of 16-Bromomyricanol. J Chem Soc (C) 3634

    Google Scholar 

  1232. Begley MJ, Whiting DA (1970) X-Ray Study of 16-Bromomyricanol; the Structure of Myricanol, a Natural m, m-Bridged Bent Biphenyl. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1207

    Google Scholar 

  1233. Campbell RVM, Crombie L, Tuck B, Whiting DA (1970) Isolation and Structure of New meta-Bridged Biphenyls from Myrica nagi. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1206

    Google Scholar 

  1234. Nagai M, Dohi J, Morihara M, Sakurai N (1995) Diarylheptanoids from Myrica gale var. tomentosa and Revised Structure of Porson. Chem Pharm Bull 43: 1674

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1235. Anthonsen T, Lorentzen GB, Malterud KE (1975) Porson, a New [7,0]-Metacyc-lophane from Myrica gale L. Acta Chem Scand 29B: 529

    Google Scholar 

  1236. Takeda Y, Fujita T, Shingu T, Ogimi C (1987) Studies on the Bacterial Gall of Myrica rubra: Isolation of a New [7,0]-Metacyclophan from the Gall and DL-ß-Phenyllactic Acid from the Culture of Gall-Forming Bacteria. Chem Pharm Bull 35: 2569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1237. Sakurai N, Yaguchi Y, Hirakawa T, Nagai M, Inoue T (1991) Two Myricanol Glycosides from Myrica rubra and Revision of the Structure of Isomyricanone. Phytochemistry 30: 3077

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1238. Yaguchi Y, Sakurai N, Nagai M, Inoue T (1988) Constituents of Myrica rubra. III: Structures of Two Glycosides of Myricanol. Chem Pharm Bull 36: 1419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1239. Jiang Z-H, Tanaka T, Hirata H, Fukuoka R, Kouno I (1996) Three Diarylheptanoids from Rhoiptelea chiliantha. Phytochemistry 43: 1049

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1240. Morihara M, Sakurai N, Inoue T, Kawai K-i, Nagai M (1997) Two Novel Diarylheptanoid Glucosides from Myrica gale var. tomentosa and Absolute Structure of Plane-Chiral Galeon. Chem Pharm Bull 45: 820

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1241. Hanawa F, Shiro M, Hayashi Y (1997) Heartwood Constituents of Betula maximowicziana. Phytochemistry 45: 589

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1242. Fuchino H, Satoh T, Tanaka N (1996) Chemical Evaluation of Betula Species in Japan. III: Constituents of Betula maximowicziana. Chem Pharm Bull 44: 1748

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1243. Fuchino H, Satoh T, Shimizu M, Tanaka N (1998) Chemical Evaluation of Betula Species in Japan. IV. Constituents of Betula davurica. Chem Pharm Bull 46: 166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1244. Nagumo S, Ishizawa S, Nagai M, Inoue T (1996) Studies on the Constituents of Aceraceae plants. XIII. Diarylheptanoids and Other Phenolics from Acer nikoense. Chem Pharm Bull 44: 1086

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1245. Nagumo S, Kaji N, Inoue T, Nagai M (1993) Studies on the Constituents of Aceraceae Plants. XI: Two Types of Cyclic Diarylheptanoid from Acer nikoense. Chem Pharm Bull 41: 1255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1246. Aoki T, Ohta S, Suga T (1990) Triterpenoids, Diarylheptanoids and Their Glycosides in the Flowers of Alnus species. Phytochemistry 29: 3611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1247. Nomura M, Tokoroyama T, Kubota T (1981) Biarylheptanoids and other Constituents from Wood of Alnus japonica. Phytochemistry 20: 1097

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1248. Nomura M, Tokoroyama T (1975) Further Phenolic Components from Alnus japonica Steud. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 316

    Google Scholar 

  1249. Nomura M, Tokoroyama T, Kubota T (1974) Three New Cyclized C9-C1-C9 Compounds from Alnus japonica Steud. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 65

    Google Scholar 

  1250. Kaneda N, Kinghorn AD, Farnsworth NR, Tuchinda P, Udchachon J, Santisuk T, Reutrakul V (1990) Two Diarylheptanoids and a Lignan from Casuarina junghuhniana. Phytochemistry 29: 3366

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1251. Yasue M, Imamura H (1966) Wood extractives. XIII: Structure of Isoasadanol. Nippon Mokuzai Gakkaishi 12: 231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1252. Yasue M, Imamura H (1966) Wood extractives. XII. Relative Configuration of Asadanin and Epiasadanol. Nippon Mokuzai Gakkaishi 12: 226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1253. Keserü GM, Mezey-Vândor G, Nôgrâdi M, Vermes B, Kajtár-Peredy M (1992) Total Synthesis of Plagiochins C, and D, Macrocyclic Bis(bibenzyl) Constituents of Plagiochila acantophylla. Tetrahedron 48: 913

    Google Scholar 

  1254. Asakawa Y (1995) Chemical Constituents of the Bryophytes. In: Herz W, Kirby GW, Moore RE, Steglich, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 65. Springer, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  1255. Hashimoto T, Tori M, Asakawa Y, Fukazawa Y (1987) Plagiochins A, B, C, and D, New Type of Macrocyclic Bis(bibenzyls) Having a Biphenyl Linkage Between the ortho Positions to the Benzyl Methylenes from the Liverwort Plagiochila acanthophylla Subsp. japonica. Tetrahedron Lett 28: 6295

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1256. Asakawa Y, Toyota M, Matsuda R, Takikawa K, Takemoto T (1983) Distribution of Novel Cyclic Bisbibenzyls in Marchantia and Riccardia Species. Phytochemistry 22: 1413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1257. Asakawa Y, Toyota M, Taira Z, Takemoto T (1983) Riccardin A and Riccardin B, two Novel Cyclic Bis(bibenzyls) Possessing Cytotoxicity from the Liverwort Riccardia multifida (L.) S. Gray. J Org Chem 48: 2164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1258. Asakawa Y, Tori M, Takikawa K, Krishnamurty HG, Kar SK (1987) Cyclic Bis(benzyls) and Related Compounds from the Liverworts Marchantia polymorpha and Marchantia palmata. Phytochemistry 26: 1811

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1259. Tori M, Aoki M, Asakawa Y (1994) Chenopodene, Marchantin P and Riccardin G from the Liverwort Marchantia chenopoda. Phytochemistry 36: 73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1260. Toyota M, Yoshida T, Matsunami J, Asakawa Y (1997) Sesquiterpene and Other Constituents of the Liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta. Phytochemistry 44: 293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1261. Toyota M, Nagashima F, Asakawa Y (1988) Fatty Acids and Cyclic Bis(benzyls) from the New Zealand Liverwort Monoclea forsteri. Phytochemistry 27: 2603

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1262. Valcic S, Zapp J, Becker H (1997) Plagiochilines and Other Sesquiterpenoids from Plagiochila (Hepaticae). Phytochemistry 44: 89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1263. Wu C-L, Lin H-R (1997) Labdanoids and Bis(bibenzyls) from Jungermannia Species. Phytochemistry 44: 101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1264. Asakawa Y, Matsuda R (1982) Riccardin C, a Novel Cyclic Bibenzyl Derivative from Reboulia hemisphaerica. Phytochemistry 21: 2143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1265. Hashimoto T, Yoshida T, Kan Y, Takaoka S, Tori M, Asakawa Y (1994) Structures of Four Novel Macrocyclic Bis(bibenzyl) Dimers, Pusilatins A-D from the Liverwort Blasia pusilla. Tetrahedron Lett 35: 909

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1266. Toyota M, Tori M, Takikawa K, Shiobara Y, Kodama M, Asakawa Y (1985) Perrottetins E, F, and G from Radula perrottetii (Liverwort) — Isolation, Structure Determination, and Synthesis of Perrottetin E. Tetrahedron Lett 26: 6097

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1267. Hashimoto T, Kanayama S, Fukuyama Y, Takaoka S, Tori M, Asakawa Y (1994) Two Novel Macrocyclic Bis(biphenyls), Isoplagiochins A and B from the Liverwort Plagiochila fruticosa. Tetrahedron Lett 35: 911

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1268. Hashimoto T, Kanayama S, Kan Y, Tori M, Asakawa Y (1996) Isoplagiochins C and D, New Type of Macrocyclic Bis(benzyls), Having Two Biphenyl Linkages from the Liverwort Plagiochila fruticosa. Chem Lett 741

    Google Scholar 

  1269. Gerencsér J, Keserü GM, Macsâri I, Nôgrâdi M, Kajtâr-Peredy M, Szöllösy A (1997) Synthesis of Isoplagiochin A. J Org Chem 62: 3666

    Google Scholar 

  1270. Yoshida T, Hashimoto T, Takaoka S, Kan Y, Tori M, Asakawa Y, Pezzuto JM, Pengsuparp T, Cordell GA (1996) Phenolic Constituents of the Liverwort: Four Novel Cyclic Bisbibenzyl Dimers from Blasia pusilla L. Tetrahedron 52: 14487

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1271. Kunz S, Becker H (1994) Bibenzyl Derivatives from the Liverwort Ricciocarpos natans. Phytochemistry 36: 675

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1272. Yoshida T, Toyota M, Asakawa Y (1997) Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Chemical Derivatization of a New Cyclic Bisbibenzyl Dimer, Pusilatin E, from the Liverwort Riccardia multifida subsp. decrescens. J Nat Prod 60: 145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1273. Lin M, Li JB, Li SZ, Yu DQ, Liang XT (1992) A Dimeric Stilbene from Gnetum parvifolium. Phytochemistry 31: 633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1274. Guinaudeau H, Leboeuf M, Cavé A (1975) Aporphine Alkaloids. Lloydia 38: 275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1275. Guinaudeau H, Leboeuf M, Cavé A (1988) Dimeric Aporphinoid Alkaloids. III. J Nat Prod 51: 1025

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1276. Tojo E (1989) The Homoaporphine Alkaloids. J Nat Prod 52: 909

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1277. Martin SF (1987) The Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 30. Academic Press, p 251

    Google Scholar 

  1278. Lewis JR (1995) Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium Alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 12: 339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1279. Golebiewski WM, Wróbel JT (1981) The Lythraceae Alkaloids. In: Manske RHF, Rodrigo RGA (eds) The Alkaloids, vol. 18. Academic Press, p 263

    Google Scholar 

  1280. Fuji K (1989) Lythraceous Alkaloids. In: Cordell GA (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 35. Academic Press, p 155

    Google Scholar 

  1281. Chu SC, Jeffrey GA, Douglas B, Kirkpatrick JL, Weisbach JA (1966) Structure of Lythridine Methiodide. Chem Ind 1795

    Google Scholar 

  1282. Ferris JP, Boyce CB, Briner RC, Weiss U, Qureshi IH, Sharpless NE (1971) Lythraceae Alkaloids. X: Assignment of Absolute Stereochemistries on the Basis of Chiraloptical Effects. J Am Chem Soc 93: 2963

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1283. Berson JA (1956) A Standard of Absolute Configuration for Optically Active Biphenyls. J Am Chem Soc 78: 4170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1284. Holmes HL, Stork G (1952) The Morphine Alkaloids. II. In: Manske RHF, Holmes HL (eds) The Alkaloids, vol. 2. Academic Press, p 162

    Google Scholar 

  1285. Johns SR, Lamberton JA, Sioumis AA, Suares H (1969) Alkaloids of Schelham-mera pedunculata (Liliaceae). II: Reactions of Schelhammeridine. Aust J Chem 22: 2203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1286. Bentley KW, Robinson R (1952) The Structure of Phenyldihydrothebaine. J Chem Soc 947

    Google Scholar 

  1287. Hall DM, Manser WWT (1967) The Preparation of Bentley and Robinson’s “Dihydrothebaine” and Proof of its Structure. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 112

    Google Scholar 

  1288. Bentley KW (1967) The Morphine-Thebaine Group of Alkaloids. IX: The Reaction of Thebaine with Magnesium Iodide. J Am Chem Soc 89: 2464

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1289. Berson JA, Greenbaum MA (1958) Asymmetric Induction Studies with Optically Active Biphenyls. The Reaction of Phenylglyoxylates of the Phenyldihydrothebaine Series with Methylmagnesium Iodide. J Am Chem Soc 80: 445, and literature cited therein

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1290. McClure Jr. RJ, Sim GA (1972) Constitution and Absolute Stereochemistry of the Biphenyl Alkaloid Lythranine: X-ray Analysis of the Crystal Structure of Bromolythranine Hydrobromide Ethanol Solvate. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 2073

    Google Scholar 

  1291. Fuji K, Yamada T, Fujita E, Kuriyama K, Iwata T, Shiro M, Nakai H (1984) Lythraceous Alkaloids. XII: Circular Dichroism Studies on Lythramine-Type Alkaloids. Chem Pharm Bull 32: 55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1292. Fuji K, Yamada T, Fujita E (1984) Lythraceous Alkaloids. XIV: Kinetic Equalization of Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts in N,O-Dimethyllythranidine, a Cyclophane Bearing Asymmetric Carbon Atoms. Chem Pharm Bull 32: 70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1293. Wright H, Clardy J, Ferris JP (1973) Structures of the Lythraceae Alkaloids Lythrumine and Acetyllythrumine. J Am Chem Soc 95: 6467

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1294. Fujita E, Saeki Y (1973) Lythraceous Alkaloids. Part VII: The Absolute Configurations of Lythrancines-I-IV and Lythrancepines-I-III. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 297

    Google Scholar 

  1295. Buck KT (1987) The Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 30. Academic Press, p 1, and literature cited therein

    Google Scholar 

  1296. Cordeil GA (1981) In: Introduction to Alkaloids, Wiley Interscience, p 349

    Google Scholar 

  1297. Pachaly P, Khosravian H (1988) Tilitriandrine: A New Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid from Tiliacora triandra. Planta Med 54: 516

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1298. Pachaly P, Khosravian H (1988) New Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Tiliacora triandra. Planta Med 54: 433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1299. Anjaneyulu B, Govindachari TR, Sathe SS, Viswanathan N (1969) Alkaloids of Tiliacora racemosa Colebr. Tetrahedron 25: 3091

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1300. Bhakuni DS, Singh AN, Jain S, Kapil RS (1978) Absolute Configuration and Biosynthesis of Thiliacorine and Thiliacorinine. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 226

    Google Scholar 

  1301. Shamma M, Foy JE, Govindachari TR, Viswanathan N (1976) The Position of the Phenolic Function in Tiliacorine and Related Alkaloids. J Org Chem 41: 1293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1302. Jossang A, Leboeuf M, Cave A, Sévenet T (1986) Alcaloides des Annonacées. 65: Alcaloides de Popowia pisocarpa, Première Partie: Nouvelles Bisbenzylisoquinolé-ines. J Nat Prod 49: 1018

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1303. Ito K, Furukawa H, Tanaka H (1971) Structure of Erybidine, a New Alkaloid from Erythrina xbidwilli Lindl. Chem Pharm Bull 19: 1509

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1304. Ito K, Haruna M, Jinno Y, Furukawa H (1976) Studies on the Erythrina Alkaloids. XI: Alkaloids of Erythrina crystagalli Linn. Structure of a New Alkaloid, Crystamidine. Chem Pharm Bull 24: 52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1305. Maier UH, Rödl W, Deus-Neumann B, Zenk MH (1999) Biosynthesis of Erythrina Alkaloids in Erythrina crista-galli. Phytochemistry 52: 373

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1306. Maier UH, Zenk MH (1997) (S)-Norreticuline is the Precursor for the Biosynthesis of Erythrina Alkaloids. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 2313

    Google Scholar 

  1307. Aladesanmi AJ, Kelley CJ, Leary JD (1983) The Constituents of Dysoxylum Lenticellare. I: Phenylethylisoquinoline, Homoerythrina, and Dibenzazecine Alkaloids. J Nat Prod 46: 127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1308. Pande H, Bhakuni DS (1976) New Dibenz[d,f]azonine Alkaloids from Cocculus laurifolius DC. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2197

    Google Scholar 

  1309. Uprety H, Bhakuni DS (1975) Laurifonine, Laurifine and Laurifinine, Three New Dibenz[d,f]azonine Alkaloids from Cocculus laurifolia DC. Tetrahedron Lett 1201

    Google Scholar 

  1310. Kametani T, Koizumi M (1989) Phenylethylisoquinoline Alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, vol. 36. Academic Press, p 171

    Google Scholar 

  1311. Barna JCJ, Williams DH (1984) The Structure and Mode of Action of Glycopeptide Antibiotics of the Vancomycin Group. Ann Rev Microbiol 38: 339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1312. Evans DA, Dinsmore CJ, Ratz AM, Evrard DA, Barrow JC (1997) Synthesis and Conformational Properties of the M(4–6)(5–7) Bicyclic Tetrapeptide Common to the Vancomycin Antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 119: 3417

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1313. Evans DA, Barrow JC, Watson PS, Ratz AM, Dinsmore CJ, Evrard DA, DeVries KM, Ellman JA, Rychnovsky SD, Lacour J (1997) Approaches to the Synthesis of the Vancomycin Antibiotics. Synthesis of Orienticin C (Bis-dechlorovancomycin) Aglycon. J Am Chem Soc 119: 3419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1314. Nicolaou KC, Boddy CNC, Natarajan S, Yue T-Y, Li H, Bräse S, Ramanjulu JM (1997) New Synthetic Technology for the Synthesis of Aryl Ethers: Construction of C-O-D and D-O-E Ring Model Systems of Vancomycin. J Am Chem Soc 119: 3421

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1315. Rao AVR, Gurjar MK, Reddy KL, Rao AS (1995) Studies Directed Toward the Synthesis of Vancomycin and Related Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 95: 2135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1316. Evans DA, Dinsmore CJ, Evrard DA, DeVries KM (1993) Oxidative Coupling of Arylglycine-Containing Peptides. A Biomimetic Approach to the Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Actinoidinic-Containing Vancomycin Subunit. J Am Chem Soc 115: 6426

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1317. Rao AVR, Reddy KL, Reddy MM (1994) A Concise Route to Biaryls: Formal Synthesis of Biaryl Diamino Diaeid (AB Segment) of Vancomycin. Tetrahedron Lett 35: 5039

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1318. Burgess K, Lim D, Martinez CI (1996) Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution — A possible Key Step in Total Syntheses of Vancomycin. Angew Chem 108: 1162;

    Google Scholar 

  1319. Burgess K, Lim D, Martinez CI (1996) Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution — A possible Key Step in Total Syntheses of Vancomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 35: 1079

    Google Scholar 

  1320. Rao AVR, Chakraborty TK, Joshi SP (1992) The First Synthesis of C-Terminal Biphenyl Moiety of Vancomycin. Tetrahedron Lett 33: 4045

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1321. Evans DA, Dinsmore CJ (1993) Kinetic and Thermodynamic Atropdiastereose-lection in the Synthesis of the M(5–7) Tripeptide Portion of Vancomycin. Tetrahedron Lett 34: 6029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1322. Evans DA, Ellman JA, DeVries KM (1989) The Oxidative Macrocyclization of Phenolic Peptides. A Biomimetic Approach to the Synthesis of the Vancomycin Family of Antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 111: 8912

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1323. Suzuki Y, Nishiyama S, Yamamura S (1989) Synthetic Study on Vancomycin: Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Tetrapeptide as a Plausible Active Center in Vancomycin. Tetrahedron Lett 30: 6043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1324. Boger DL, Borzilleri RM, Nukui S (1995) Synthesis of Appropriately Function-alized Vancomycin CD and DE Ring Systems. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 5: 3091

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1325. Konishi H, Okuno T, Nishiyama S, Yamamura S, Koyasu K, Terada Y (1996) TTN Oxidation of Mixed Halogenated Phenols: Synthesis of Vancomycin Model Diaryl Ether Possessing a Chlorine Atom. Tetrahedron Lett 37: 8791

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1326. Nicolaou KC, Chu X-J, Ramanjulu JM, Natarajan S, Bräse S, Rübsam F, Boddy CNC (1997) New Technology for the Synthesis of Vancomycin-Type Biaryl Ring Systems. Angew Chem 109: 1551

    Google Scholar 

  1327. Nicolaou KC, Chu X-J, Ramanjulu JM, Natarajan S, Bräse S, Rübsam F, Boddy CNC (1997) New Technology for the Synthesis of Vancomycin-Type Biaryl Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 36: 1539

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1328. Nicolaou KC, Mitchell HJ, Jain NF, Winssinger N, Hughes R, Bando T (1999) Total Synthesis of Vancomycin. Angew Chem 111: 253

    Google Scholar 

  1329. Nicolaou KC, Mitchell HJ, Jain NF, Winssinger N, Hughes R, Bando T (1999) Total Synthesis of Vancomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed 38: 240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1330. Evans DA, Wood MR, Trotter BW, Richardson TI, Barrow JC, Katz JL (1998) Total Syntheses of Vancomycin and Eremomycin Aglycons. Angew Chem 110: 2864;

    Google Scholar 

  1331. Evans DA, Wood MR, Trotter BW, Richardson TI, Barrow JC, Katz JL (1998) Total Syntheses of Vancomycin and Eremomycin Aglycons. Angew Chem Int Ed 37: 2700

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1332. Evans DA, Dinsmore CJ, Watson PS, Wood MR, Richardson TI, Trotter BW, Katz JL (1998) Nonconventional Stereochemical Issues in the Design of the Synthesis of the Vancomycin Antibiotics: Challenges Imposed by Axial and Nonplanar Chiral Elements in the Heptapeptide Aglycons. Angew Chem 110: 2868

    Google Scholar 

  1333. Evans DA, Dinsmore CJ, Watson PS, Wood MR, Richardson TI, Trotter BW, Katz JL (1998) Nonconventional Stereochemical Issues in the Design of the Synthesis of the Vancomycin Antibiotics: Challenges Imposed by Axial and Nonplanar Chiral Elements in the Heptapeptide Aglycons. Angew Chem Int Ed 37: 2704

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1334. Nicolaou KC, Natarajan S, Li H, Jain NF, Hughes R, Solomon ME, Ramanjulu JM, Boddy CNC, Takayanagi M (1998) Total Synthesis of the Vancomycin Aglycon — Part 1: Synthesis of Amino Acids 4–7 and Construction of the AB-COD Ring Skeleton. Angew Chem 110: 2872;

    Google Scholar 

  1335. Nicolaou KC, Natarajan S, Li H, Jain NF, Hughes R, Solomon ME, Ramanjulu JM, Boddy CNC, Takayanagi M (1998) Total Synthesis of the Vancomycin Aglycon — Part 1: Synthesis of Amino Acids 4–7 and Construction of the AB-COD Ring Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed 37: 2708

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1336. Nicolaou KC, Jain NF, Natarajan S, Hughes R, Solomon ME, Li H, Ramanjulu JM, Takayanagi M, Koumbis AE, Bando T (1998) Total Synthesis of the Vancomycin Aglycon — Part 2: Synthesis of Amino Acids 1–3 and Construction of the AB-COD-COE Ring Skeleton. Angew Chem 110: 2879;

    Google Scholar 

  1337. Nicolaou KC, Jain NF, Natarajan S, Hughes R, Solomon ME, Li H, Ramanjulu JM, Takayanagi M, Koumbis AE, Bando T (1998) Total Synthesis of the Vancomycin Aglycon — Part 2: Synthesis of Amino Acids 1–3 and Construction of the AB-COD-COE Ring Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed 37: 2714

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1338. Nicolaou KC, Takayanagi M, Jain NF, Natarajan S, Koumbis AE, Bando T, Ramanjulu JM (1998) Total Synthesis of the Vancomycin Aglycon — Part 3: Final Stages. Angew Chem 110: 2881

    Google Scholar 

  1339. Nicolaou KC, Takayanagi M, Jain NF, Natarajan S, Koumbis AE, Bando T, Ramanjulu JM (1998) Total Synthesis of the Vancomycin Aglycon — Part 3: Final Stages. Angew Chem Int Ed 37: 2717

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1340. Ruck-Braun K (1998) Am Ziel: Totalsynthesen des Vancomycin-Aglycons. Nachr Chem Tech Lab 46: 1182

    Google Scholar 

  1341. Gribble GW (1996) Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds — A Comprehensive Survey. In: Herz W, Kirby GW, Moore RE, Steglich W, Tamm C (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 68. Springer, p 261

    Google Scholar 

  1342. Williams DH (1984) Structural Studies on Some Antibiotics of the Vancomycin Group, and on the Antibiotic-Receptor Complexes, by 1H-NMR. Acc Chem Res 17: 364

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1343. Harris CM, Kopecka H, Harris TM (1983) Vancomycin: Structure and Transformation to CDP-I. J Am Chem Soc 105: 6915

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1344. Williamson MP, Williams DH (1981) Structure Revision of the Antibiotic Vancomycin. The Use of Nuclear Overhauser Effect Difference Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 103: 6580

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1345. Nagarajan R, Berry DM, Hunt AH, Occolowitz JL, Schabel AA (1989) Conversion of Antibiotic A82846B to Orienticin A and Structural Relationships of Related Antibiotics. J Org Chem 54: 983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1346. Gerhard U, Mackay JP, Maplestone RA, Williams DH (1993) The Role of the Sugar and Chlorine Substituents in the Dimerization of Vancomycin Antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 115: 232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1347. Ellestad GA, Leese RA, Morton GO, Barbatschi F, Gore WE, McGahren WJ, Armitage IM (1981) Avoparcin and Epiavoparcin. J Am Chem Soc 103: 6522

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1348. McGahren WJ, Martin JH, Morton GO, Hargreaves RT, Leese RA, Lovell FM, Ellestad GA, O’Brien E, Holker JSE (1980) Structure of Avoparcin Components. J Am Chem Soc 102: 1671

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1349. McGahren WJ, Martin JH, Morton GO, Hargreaves RT, Leese RA, Lovell FM, Ellestad GA (1979) Avoparcin. J Am Chem Soc 101: 2237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1350. Hunt AH, Debono M, Merkel KE, Barnhart M (1984) Structure of the Pseudoaglycon of Actaplanin. J Org Chem 49: 635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1351. Harris CM, Harris TM (1982) Structure of Ristocetin A: Configurational Studies of the Peptide. J Am Chem Soc 104: 363

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1352. Kaiman JR, Williams DH (1980) An NMR Study of the Structure of the Antibiotic Ristocetin A. The Negative Nuclear Overhauser Effect in Structure Elucidation. J Am Chem Soc 102: 897

    Google Scholar 

  1353. Sztaricskai F, Harris CM, Neszmelyi A, Harris TM (1980) Structural Studies of Ristocetin A (Ristomycin A): Carbohydrate-Aglycone Linkages. J Am Chem Soc 102: 7093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1354. Harris CM, Kibby JJ, Fehlner JR, Raabe AB, Barber TA, Harris TM (1979) Amino Acid Constituents of Ristocetin A. J Am Chem Soc 101: 437

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1355. Hunt AH, Molloy RM, Occolowitz JL, Marconi GG, Debono M (1984) Structure of the Major Glycopeptide of the Teicoplanin Complex. J Am Chem Soc 106: 4891

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1356. Barna JCJ, Williams DH, Stone DJM, Leung T-WC, Doddrell DM (1984) Structure Elucidation of the Teicoplanin Antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 106: 4895

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1357. Hunt AH, Elzey TK, Merkel KE, Debono M (1984) Structures of the Actaplanins. J Org Chem 49: 641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1358. Smith KA, Williams DH, Smith GA (1974) Structural Studies on the Antibiotic Vancomycin; the Nature of the Aromatic Rings. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2369

    Google Scholar 

  1359. Smith GA, Smith KA, Williams DH (1975) Structural Studies on the Antibiotic Vancomycin: Evidence for the Presence of Modified Phenylglycine and ß-Hydroxytyrosine Units. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2108

    Google Scholar 

  1360. Marshall FJ (1965) Structure Studies on Vancomycin. J Med Chem 8: 18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1361. Williams DH, Kaiman JR (1977) Structural and Mode of Action Studies on the Antibiotic Vancomycin. Evidence from 270-MHz Proton Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 99: 2768

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1362. Bongini A, Feeney J, Williamson MP, Williams DH (1981) Assignment of the Carbon-13 Spectrum of Vancomycin and its Derivatives. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 201

    Google Scholar 

  1363. Sheldrick GM, Jones PG, Kennard O, Williams DH, Smith GA (1978) Structure of Vancomycin and its Complex with Acetyl-D-Alanyl-D-Alanine. Nature 271: 223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1364. Harris CM, Harris TM (1982) Structure of the Glycopeptide Antibiotic Vancomycin: Evidence for an Asparagine Residue in the Peptide. J Am Chem Soc 104: 4293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1365. Perkins HR (1969) Specificity of Combination Between Mucopeptide Precursors and Vancomycin or Ristocetin. Biochem J 111: 195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1366. Williams DH, Butcher DW (1981) Binding Site of the Antibiotic Vancomycin for a Cell-Wall Peptide Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 103: 5697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1367. Kaiman JR, Williams DH (1980) An NMR Study of the Interaction between the Antibiotic Ristocetin A and a Cell Wall Peptide Analogue. Negative Nuclear Over-hauser Effects in the Investigation of Drug Binding Sites. J Am Chem Soc 102: 906

    Google Scholar 

  1368. Convert O, Bongini A, Feeney J (1980) A 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Interactions of Vancomycin with N-Acetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine and Related Peptides. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2, 1262

    Google Scholar 

  1369. Williams DH, Rajananda V, Kaiman JR (1979) On the Structure and Mode of Action of the Antibiotic Ristocetin A. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 787

    Google Scholar 

  1370. Speller D, Greenwood D, Daly PJ (1988) Teicoplanin — Clinical Use and Laboratory Correlation. J Antimic Chemother (Suppl A) 21: 1

    Google Scholar 

  1371. Davey PG, Emmerson AM, Grüneberg RN, Daly PJ (1991) Teicoplanin: Laboratory and Clinical Developments. J Antimic Chemother (Suppl B) 27: 1

    Google Scholar 

  1372. Hammond SJ, Williamson MP, Williams DH, Boeck LD, Marconi GG (1982) On the Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Vancomycin. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 344

    Google Scholar 

  1373. Hammond SJ, Williams DH, Nielsen RV (1983) The Biosynthesis of Ristocetin. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 116

    Google Scholar 

  1374. Gouda H, Matsuzaki K, Tanaka H, Hirono S, Omura S, McCauley JA, Sprengeler PA, Furst GT, Smith AB (1996) Stereostructure of (-)-Chloropeptin I, a Novel Inhibitor of gpl20-CD4 Binding, via High-Temperature Molecular Dynamics, Monte Carlo Conformational Searching, and NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 118: 13087

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1375. Ezaki M, Iwami M, Yamashita M, Hashimoto S, Komori T, Umehara K, Mine Y, Kohsaka M, Aoki H, Imanaka H (1985) Biphenomycins A and B, Novel Peptide Antibiotics. I: Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Characterization. J Antibiot 38: 1453

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1376. Uchida I, Shigematsu N, Ezaki M, Hashimoto M, Aoki H, Imanaka H (1985) Biphenomycins A and B, Novel Peptide Antibiotics. II: Structural Elucidation of Biphenomycins A and B. J Antibiot 38: 1462

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1377. Uchida I, Ezaki M, Shigematsu N, Hashimoto M (1985) Structure of WS-43708A, a Novel Cyclic Peptide Antibiotic. J Org Chem 50: 1341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1378. Kannan R, Williams DH (1987) Stereochemistry of the Cyclic Tripeptide Antibiotic WS-43708A. J Org Chem 52: 5435

    Google Scholar 

  1379. Brown FK, Hempel JC, Dixon JS, Amato S, Mueller L, Jeffs PW (1989) Structure of Biphenomycin A Derived from Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling. J Am Chem Soc 111: 7328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1380. Hempel JC, Brown FK (1989) NMR Template Analysis of Biphenomycin: The Prediction of Conformational Domains Defined by Clustered Distance Constraints. J Am Chem Soc 111: 7323

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1381. Schmidt U, Leitenberger V, Meyer R, Griesser H (1992) Amino acids and peptides. 83. The synthesis of biphenomycin A. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 951

    Google Scholar 

  1382. Schmidt U, Meyer R, Leitenberger V, Stäbler F, Lieberknecht A (1991) Amino Acids and Peptides. 78. Total Synthesis of the Biphenomycins. II. Synthesis of Protected (2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyornithines. Synthesis 409

    Google Scholar 

  1383. Schmidt U, Leitenberger V, Griesser H, Schmidt J, Meyer R (1992) Synthesis of Biphenomycin A. Synthesis 1248

    Google Scholar 

  1384. Schmidt U, Meyer R, Leitenberger V, Lieberknecht A, Griesser H (1991) The Synthesis of Biphenomycin B. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 275

    Google Scholar 

  1385. Schmidt U, Meyer R, Leitenberger V, Griesser H, Lieberknecht A (1992) Synthesis of Biphenomycin B. Synthesis 1025

    Google Scholar 

  1386. Carlström AS, Frejd T (1991) A Short Synthesis of a Biphenomycin B Analogue via a Double Heck Coupling Procedure. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1216

    Google Scholar 

  1387. Brown AG, Edwards PD (1990) Synthesis of Analogues of the Biphenomycin Antibiotics. Tetrahedron Lett 31: 6581

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  1388. Brown AG, Crimmin MJ, Edwards PD (1992) Application of the Suzuki Biphenyl Synthesis to the Natural Products Biphenomycin and Vancomycin. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 123

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bringmann, G., Günther, C., Ochse, M., Schupp, O., Tasler, S. (2001). Biaryls in Nature: A Multi-Facetted Class of Stereochemically, Biosynthetically, and Pharmacologically Intriguing Secondary Metabolites. In: Herz, W., Falk, H., Kirby, G.W., Moore, R.E. (eds) Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol 82. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6227-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6227-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7272-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6227-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics