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Prostatacarcinom

  • Chapter
Urogenitale Carcinome

Part of the book series: Onkologie heute ((ONKOLOGIE))

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Zusammenfassung

Das Prostatacarcinom ist eine Erkrankung des älteren Mannes mit einem Häufigkeitsgipfel zwischen dem 7. und dem 8. Dezennium. In der männlichen Bevölkerung der westlichen Industriestaaten steht das Prostatacarcinom hinter dem Bronchuscarcinom an der 2. Stelle der tumorbedingten Todesursachen, wobei es in Österreich sogar die häufigste malignombedingte Todesursache darstellt. Die Inzidenzrate liegt in Europa derzeit bei durchschnittlich 84 pro 100.000 pro Jahr und ist mit einer durchschnittlichen jährlichen Steigerungsrate von 3,7% deutlich im Vormarsch. Ob diese Inzidenzzunahme Ausdruck eines erhöhten Krankheitsrisikos ist oder es sich dabei um eine Verbesserung der Diagnostik handelt, ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Fest steht jedoch, daß das PSA einen der wichtigsten Faktoren zum Screening und zur Früherkennung des Prostatacarcinoms darstellt. Wesentlich in der Diagnostik, aber auch in der Therapie des Prostatacarcinoms, ist das biologische Verhalten des Tumors. So besteht eine deutliche Diskrepanz zwischen dem latenten Prostatacarcinom (oder auch dem in einer Autopsie zufällig entdeckten Carcinom), dem diagnostizierten und dem zum Tode führenden Prostatacarcinom. So können latente Prostatacarcinome in Autopsiestudien bei 30% aller Männer zwischen dem 40. und 50. Lebensjahr und bei fast 80% aller Männer über 80 nachgewiesen werden. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Diagnose eines Prostatacarcinoms liegt bei 50jährigen Männern derzeit bei 9,5%; das Risiko, daran zu sterben, bei ca. 3%. Die Mortalität des Prostatacarcinoms ist in der höheren Altersgruppe (70 bis 80jährige) mit 32% am höchsten. Außer familiären Risikofaktoren gibt es eindeutige Hinweise, daß Umweltfaktoren, vor allem Eßgewohnheiten (tierische Fettsäuren), ein erhöhtes Prostatacarcinomrisiko in sich bergen. Rezente Studien konnten zeigen, daß vor allem Phytoöstrogene eine protektive Wirkung auf die Entstehung des Prostatacarcinoms haben.

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  1. Universitätsklinik für Urologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Wien, Österreich

    Univ.-Prof. Dr. Bob Djavan, Dr. Christian Seitz & Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michael Marberger

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  1. Klinische Abteilung für Onkologie, Univ.-Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Wien, Österreich

    Christoph Zielinski

  2. Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeinchirurgie, Univ.-Klinik für Chirurgie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Wien, Österreich

    Raimund Jakesz

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Djavan, B., Seitz, C., Marberger, M. (2001). Prostatacarcinom. In: Zielinski, C., Jakesz, R. (eds) Urogenitale Carcinome. Onkologie heute. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6193-7_3

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