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Vascular-ischemic dementia: an update

  • Conference paper
Book cover Ageing and Dementia Current and Future Concepts

Part of the book series: Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa ((NEURAL SUPPL,volume 62))

Abstract

Both the clinical criteria and morphologic substrates of dementia resulting from cerebrovascular disease and its relation to Alzheimer disease and other age-related brain changes are controversial. In clinical and autopsy studies in the Western world the prevalence of vascular-ischemic dementia (VID) is around 7–10%, while vascular cognitive impairment without dementia is much more frequent and the risk of poststroke dementia is increased inpatients with prestroke cognitive decline. In contrast to previous suggestions that VID was largely the result of large hemispheral infarcts, according to recent studies, it is most commonly associated with widespread small ischemic or vascular lesions (microinfarcts, lacunes) throughout the CNS with predominant subcortical lesions in the basal ganglia and white matter or in strategically important brain regions (thalamus, hippocampus). The lesion pattern of rare “pure” VID, which is related to arteriolosclerotic and hypertensive microangiopathy, differs from that in mixed type dementia (Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular lesions) that more often shows larger hemispheral infarcts. Another form of VID that is not infrequent in very old subjects is hippocampal sclerosis, a selective damage to the hippocampus that is often accompanied by multiple other cerebrovascular lesions. Both, mild Alzheimer type pathology and small vessel disease-associated subcortical vascular pathology appear to be common and may interact in causing cogni-tive decline, but the impact of cerebrovascular lesions on cognitive impair-ment and dementia needs to be further elucidated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Kenyongasse 18, A-1070, Vienna, Austria

    Prof. K. A. Jellinger MD

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  1. Prof. K. A. Jellinger MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Klinische Neurobiologie, Kenyongasse 18/7, A-1070, Wien, Austria

    Kurt A. Jellinger

  2. Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Auenbruggerplatz 22, A-8036, Graz, Austria

    Reinhold Schmidt

  3. JWS Research Forschungslabor GmbH, Rankengasse 28, A-8020, Graz, Austria

    Manfred Windisch

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© 2002 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Jellinger, K.A. (2002). Vascular-ischemic dementia: an update. In: Jellinger, K.A., Schmidt, R., Windisch, M. (eds) Ageing and Dementia Current and Future Concepts. Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa, vol 62. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6139-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6139-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-83796-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6139-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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