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Tissue culture of broad-leafed forest tree species

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Plant Tissue Culture

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Abstract

Since the first work on culture of isolated plant cells and tissues in artificial nutrient solutions attempted by Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902) in Graz, Austria, 100 years ago, several practical applications have been derived by combining classical forest tree improvement programmes and tissue culture techniques, in particular for conifers and eucalyptus species, which are today the basis of a forest tree biotechnology industry, e.g. Silvagen and Arborgen. Many reviews are covering the topics of forest tree biotechnology and micropropagation (Ahuja 1988; 1993, Bonga and Durzan 1982, 1987a-c; Bajaj 1986, 1989, 1991 Jain et al. 1995a-c, 1999). In this context, new silvicultural concepts such as plantation or clonal forestry are widely discussed to cope with the expected increasing demand for wood during the next few decades (Fenning and Gershenzon 2002). Experiments with tissue cultures of woody species have been ongoing for decades. Research on tissue culture of forest tree species started very early in the 1930s, with callus and cell suspensions. The first successful callus proliferation and adventitious bud regeneration from cambial tissue was achieved by Gautheret in 1940 with English elm (Ulmus campestris). The first complete plants from tissue culture of a tree species were regenerated by Winton in 1968 from leaf explants of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). Although there are some examples of successful regeneration of trees via protoplasts (reviewed by Tibok et al. 1995), the importance of this technology is negligible. Thorpe et al. (1991)counting the number of trees which can be micropropagated found about 70 angiosperm species and 30 gymnosperm species. This is a small fraction, compared to the total number of 1000 plant species which were accessible for micropropagation at that time. Today, the most efficient culture techniques for trees are somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, i.e. axillary shoot regeneration. In addition to general tissue culture-related challenges (e.g. production of chimeras, somaclonal variation, endogenous bacterial contamination), regeneration of woody plant species is still considered recalcitrant because of effects related to ontogenetic ageing.

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  1. Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH, Biotechnology Unit, A-2444, Seibersdorf, Austria

    Univ. Doz. Dr. Eva Wilhelm

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  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Österreich, Nußdorfer Lände 11, A-1190, Wien, Österreich

    Margit Laimer

  2. Institut für Ökologie und Naturschutz, Universität Wien, Österreich, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Wien, Österreich

    Waltraud Rücker

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Wilhelm, E. (2003). Tissue culture of broad-leafed forest tree species. In: Laimer, M., Rücker, W. (eds) Plant Tissue Culture. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6040-4_12

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