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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS; also known as encephalomyelitis), is characterized by the onset in early and adult life of progressive diffuse neurologic disturbances with an irregular fluctuating period of exacerbation and apparent improvement or quiescence. Irregular gray patches of degeneration occur in the brain and spinal cord with a predilection for the white matter, varying in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Signs of multiple involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) may include slurred speech, intention tremor, nystagmus, retrobulbar neuritis, incontinence, spastic paralysis, pallor of the temporal halves of the optic disks, increased deep tendon reflexes, and bilateral extensor plantar responses.

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Grünberger, J. (2003). Rezeptorentest (Wirkung von Tropicamide). In: Pupillometrie in der klinisch- psychophysiologischen Diagnostik. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6032-9_13

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