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Boiler Simulation—Simulating the Water and Steam Flow

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Numerical Simulation of Power Plants and Firing Systems

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Abstract

In boiler construction—depending on the fuel used—we distinguish between “conventional” systems (those that use fossil fuels like oil, gas, or coal) and nuclear plants in which nuclear fuels such as235U are used. The following summary of boiler systems, however, only addresses fossil fuel-fired plants. A brief overview on the main features of reactor theory and nuclear fission, as well as on the construction of nuclear reactors is given in Thomas (1975), Ziegler (1983), Ziegler (1984), Ziegler (1985), Strauß (1992), Weston (2007), Kok (2009), Todreas and Kazimi (2012), or Oka (2014).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Technical Regulations for Steam Boilers. Published on behalf of the German Steam Boiler Committee of the Association of Technical Supervisory Societies (TÜV) Essen, Carl Heymann Verlag KG, Cologne.

  2. 2.

    The Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition is a necessary condition for numerical stability. Here the numerical range of dependence must encompass the analytical domain of dependence, in order to safeguard the convergence of the numerical solution u i n against the analytical solution u(x i , τ n).

  3. 3.

    In the rate of change terms of the energy balance, the internal energy of the water or the steam was replaced with the corresponding spec. enthalpies.

  4. 4.

    When a subcooled liquid enters a constantly heated flow channel and is partially evaporated, the static pressure in that channel will decrease as the mass flow density increases. This relationship between pressure drop and mass flow density exists within a specific range for the mass flow density when the subcooling of the incoming liquid exceeds a certain critical value (Huhn and Wolf 1975).

  5. 5.

    The Ledinegg instability occurs predominantly in low pressure systems.

  6. 6.

    It should be noted at this point that the graphical method does not allow conclusions to be made as to whether any solution found is stable or unstable. Other methods of testing must be used, such as the numerical system analysis (which can only find stable solutions).

  7. 7.

    A stable water circulation describes a flow direction of the working fluid from the lower header to the drum in all water tubes.

  8. 8.

    Compound dynamic boiling water reactor instability (BWR instability) is not included in this overview, since it does not apply to plants fired with fossil fuels.

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  1. Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060, Vienna, Austria

    H. Walter

  2. Department of Energy Systems and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    K. Ponweiser

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    Heimo Walter

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    Bernd Epple

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Walter, H., Ponweiser, K. (2017). Boiler Simulation—Simulating the Water and Steam Flow. In: Walter, H., Epple, B. (eds) Numerical Simulation of Power Plants and Firing Systems. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4855-6_6

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