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Ultrasound in Solids with Porosity, Microcracking and Polycrystalline Structuring

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The Evaluation of Materials and Structures by Quantitative Ultrasonics

Part of the book series: CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences ((CISM,volume 330))

Abstract

The scattering of an ultrasonic wave in an elastically inhomogeneous medium results in a frequency dependent velocity and attenuation of the wave. The ultrasonic attenuation and dispersion are therefore sensitive to the microstructure of the material. Since the microstructure also has an important effect on material properties there is considerable interest in the development of ultrasonic techniques for the determination of fracture toughness, hardness, impact strength, yield strength and tensile strength for example [1]. Variations in the microstructure within a sample and from sample to sample may arise from composition fluctuations, inclusions, grain growth due to faulty heat treatment, incorrect fibre fraction in composites, porosity and microcracking. In contrast to the elastic constants of the material, which can be obtained from ultrasonic measurements at a single frequency, the determination of the above mentioned properties requires the measurement of the frequency dependence of the velocity or attenuation. An example is the use of ultrasonics to predict the yield strength of plain carbon steel [2]. This prediction is based on the Hall-Petch relations, which relate the yield strength and impact transition temperature to the mean grain size, an important parameter determining the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation.

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    C. M. Sayers

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Sayers, C.M. (1993). Ultrasound in Solids with Porosity, Microcracking and Polycrystalline Structuring. In: The Evaluation of Materials and Structures by Quantitative Ultrasonics. CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 330. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4315-5_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4315-5_17

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